LESSON 2 (TWO) – SECOND LESSON

From Lesson 1
Adverbs

Adverbs can tell you where, when, how, why and to what extent
something happens. There are several different classes of adverb. They
are often formed from adjectives or nouns be adding the suffix -ly.

For example: Quick becomes quickly, sudden becomes suddenly,

intelligent becomes intelligently, . . .

To form an adverb from adjectives ending in -y change the y to i before

adding the -ly. For example: angry becomes angrily, busy becomes busily,
...

To form an adverb from adjectives ending in -e drop the -e before adding

the -ly.
For example: feeble becomes feebly, true becomes truly, . . .

Some adjectives ending in -ly need no changes. For example: heavenly, . .

.

However there are exceptions.

For example: sly becomes slyly, shy becomes shyly, . . .

Some adverbs do not end in -ly.

For example: fast, hard, straight, . . .

Adjective Pretty Serious Fast Quiet

She was a He was a It was a fast They were
Example
pretty girl. serious boy. car. quiet children.
Adverb Prettily Seriously Fast Quietly
The policeman
The bird sang Schumacher The woman
Example spoke
prettily. drives fast. spoke quietly.
seriously.

Adverbs can modify adjectives

An adjective can be modified by an adverb, which precedes the adjective.
For example:-
That's really nice.

Adverbs can modify adverbs

Some adverbs can modify others. As with adjectives, the adverb precedes
the one it is modifying.
For example:-
She did it really well.

Adverbs can modify nouns

Adverbs can modify nouns to indicate time or place.
For example:-
The concert tomorrow.
The room upstairs.

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Adverbs can modify noun phrases
Some adverbs of degree such as quite, rather, so, such ... can modify noun
phrases.
For example:-
We had quite a good time.
They're such good friends.

Adverbs can modify determiners, numerals and pronouns

Adverbs such as almost, nearly, hardly, about, etc., can be used:
For example:-
Nearly everyone, who was invited, came to the party.
Adverbs can modify sentences
Some adverbs modify a whole sentence, not just a part of one.
For example:-
Luckily the car stopped in time. In this sentence luckily modifies the
whole sentence, it shows that it was good luck that the car stopped in
time.

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency tell us how often something is done. These include;

always, constantly, continually, frequently, infrequently, intermittently,
normally, occasionally, often, periodically, rarely, regularly, seldom,
sometimes, . . .

For example:
I always do my homework on time. - In this sentence always shows us the
frequency. / She goes out occasionally. - In this sentence occasionally
shows us the frequency.

Most frequent always Intotdeauna

constantly Constant
nearly always Aproape intotdeauna
almost always Aproape intotdeauna
usually De obicei
generally In general
normally In mod obisnuit
regularly In mode regulat
often Des / deseori
frequently Frecvent
sometimes Cateodata
periodically Periodic
occasionally Ocazional
now and then Din cand in cand
once in a while Din cand in cand
rarely Rareori / rar
seldom Rareori
infrequently Rar

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 hardly ever Aproape niciodata
scarcely ever Aproape niciodata
almost never Aproape niciodata
Least frequent never Niciodata

When something happens regularly at a fixed time we can use :

Every day = Daily
Every week = Weekly
Ever fortnight
= Fortnightly
(two weeks)
Every month = Monthly
Every year = Yearly/Annually

For example:
I get a newspaper every day. = I get the newspaper daily.
I pay my rent every month. = I pay my rent monthly.

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 THE ENGLISH ARTICLE

This little story should help you understand the difference between the
and a, an:

A man and a woman were walking in Oxford Street. The woman saw a
dress that she liked in a shop. She asked the man if he could buy the
dress for her. He said: "Do you think the shop will accept a cheque? I
don't have a credit card."

A, An or The?

When do we say "the dog" and when do we say "a dog"?

The and a/an are called "articles". We divide them into "definite" and
"indefinite" like this:

Articles

Definit
Indefinite
e

the a, an

We use "definite" to mean sure, certain. "Definite" is particular.

We use "indefinite" to mean not sure, not certain. "Indefinite" is general.

When we are talking about one thing in particular, we use the. When we
are talking about one thing in general, we use a or an.

Think of the sky at night. In the sky we see 1 moon and millions of stars.
So normally we would say:

• I saw the moon last night.

• I saw a star last night.

Look at these examples:

the a, an

• I was born in a town.

• The capital of France is Paris. • John had an omelette for
• I have found the book that I lost. lunch.
• Have you cleaned the car? • James Bond ordered a
• There are six eggs in the fridge. drink.
• We want to buy an
• Please switch off the TV when umbrella.
you finish.
• Have you got a pen?

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Of course, often we can use the or a/an for the same word. It depends on
the situation, not the word. Look at these examples:

• We want to buy an umbrella. (Any umbrella, not a particular

umbrella.)
• Where is the umbrella? (We already have an umbrella. We are
looking for our umbrella, a particular umbrella.)

THE ENGLISH VERB – REMEMBER THESE TENSES (I)

I. Present Simple Tense

The simple present tense is used to discuss permanant situations and the
frequency of events.

To have Short form Other Verbs (to work)

I have I've I work
he has he's He works
she has she's She works
it has it's It works
you have you've you work
we have we've we work
they have they've they work
Statement Short Short
Statements
s Questions answer answer
-
+ + -
I work. I don't work. Do I work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
He doesn't Yes, he No, he
He works. Does he work?
work. does. doesn't.
She doesn't Does she Yes, she No, she
She works.
work. work? does. doesn't.
It works. It doesn't work. Does it work? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.
You work. You don't work. Do you work? Yes you do. No, you don't.
We work. We don't work. Do we work? Yes we do. No, we don't.
They don't
They work. Do they work? Yes they do. No, they don't.
work.

Regular or permanent situations

When something happens regularly or is a permanent situation we usually

use the simple present tense. When using the simple present the verb
(with the exception of the auxiliary verbs) remains in the dictionary form
(verb + s with he/she/it).

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 Simple Present Timeline

For example:
Q) "Where do you live?" A) "I live in Germany."
Q) "Where does he live?" A) "He lives in Germany."
Q) "What do you do?" A) "I'm a teacher."
Q) "What does he do?" A) "He's a teacher."

Frequency

The simple present tense is also used to show how often something
happens with adverbs of frequency - always, usually, often, sometimes,
occasionally, seldom, rarely, never, etc.... And when discussing daily,
weekly, monthly etc. routines.

For example:
"I always get up at 6.00."
"I never drink coffee before 12.00."
"I work on my website every day."
"Every Monday and Thursday I go to the gym."

We also use the simple present to ask for and give instructions or to
discuss a series of actions.

For example:
Q) How do I make pancakes?" A) Well, first you take 4 eggs and crack
them into a bowl, then you weigh out 4 oz. of flour and sieve it into the
eggs. etc.
The simple present tense can also be used to discuss future events.

II. Present Continuous Tense

When we talk about events that are actually happening now, we use the
present continuous tense.

Short Short
Statements Statements
Questions answer answer
+ -
+ -
I'm working. I'm not working. Am I working? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.
He's working. He isn't working. Is he working? Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
She's working. She isn't working. Is she working? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.
It's working. It isn't working. Is it working? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.
You're working. You aren'tt Are you Yes you No, you

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 working. working? are. aren't.
We aren't Are we No, we
We're working. Yes we are.
working. working? aren't.
They're They aren't Are they Yes they No, they
working. working. working? are. aren't.

Present Continuous Timeline

For example:
Q) "What are you doing?" A) "I'm building a website."

We also use the present continuous tense to talk about things that are
happening around now but are temporary.

For example:
Q) "What are you doing these days?" A) "Unfortunately I'm working a lot."

It is also used to describe trends or situations that are happening but may
be temporary.

For example:
"Nowadays more and more people are shopping on the Internet."

...and habitual actions (usually negative).

For example:
"He's always cleaning his car."

The present continuous tense can also be used to discuss future events:

Note:
The present continuous is usually used with doing verbs (verbs of action)
not with verbs of state. The following verbs are not used in the continuous
form:

Conditions: belong, cost, need, own, seem

Feelings: like, love, hate, want, wish
Beliefs: believe, feel, know, mean, remember, think, understand

Exercitii cu Present Simple si Present Continuous

1. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Simple) la

interogativ si negativ:

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Nota: Verbul „to have", atunci când nu inseamna „a avea, a poseda", ci
este parte dintr-o expresie (to have breakfast, to have a shower, to have a
party), formeaza negativul si interogativul cu ajutorul auxiliarului „to do".

1. I love my brother.
2. She talks too much.
3. I understand you.
4. You play the piano very well.
5. I always believe you.
6. He remembers my phone number.
7. They live in Bucharest.
8. He has a hot bath every day.
9. I trust my friend.
10. I have lunch at one o’clock.

2. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Continuous)

la negativ si interogativ:

1. It is raining.
2. I am having a walk.
3. He is telling the truth.
4. You are typing a letter.
5. They are swimming in the river.
6. My friend is wearing a new dress.
7. My mother is resting.
8. We are studying English.
9. Ann is knitting.
10. The child is learning to play the piano.

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Present Simple sau la Present

Continuous:

1. I (not go) shopping because it (rain).

2. What you (do) on Sundays?
3. He usually (drink) coffee but now he (drink) tea.
4. In England it often (rain).
5. I (not like) that boy.
6. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.
7. You (like) this book?
8. You (dream) at night?
Yes, I (dream) every night.

1. I can’t answer the phone now because I (cook).

2. How you usually (get) to work?
I usually (go) by bus, but now I (take) a taxi because I am late.

1. The manager can’t receive you now as he (have) an interview.

2. You (write) to John now?
Yes, I (be). I always (write) to him on his birthday.

1. Where you (hurry)?

To the theatre, as I (not want) to miss the first act.

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1. She always (borrow) books from me and never (remember) to give
them
back.
2. You (go) to work every day?
Yes, of course, except Saturdays and Sundays.
3. Why you (smoke) so much?
4. Who you (wait) for?
I (wait) for John, but he is late, as usual.
5. I always (have) a rest after lunch.
6. What you (think) of?
I (think) of my mother just now.
7. You (know) what time is it?

4. Traduceti in limba engleza:

1. Iarna ninge.
2. Duminica el nu se scoala devreme.
3. Eu nu studiez seara.
4. Ce faci? Citesti sau privesti la televizor?
5. Secretara tocmai bate la masina un referat.
6. Ea merge la cumparaturi sâmbata.
7. Acum imi fac temele la engleza.
8. Nu-mi place cafeaua.
9. Ce carte citesti?
10. La ce ora se scoala John dimineata?
11. Ce faci tu in zilele libere?
12. Cui ii telefonezi?
13. El nu merge la scoala cu metroul, merge pe jos.
14. De ce deschizi fereastra?
15. Adesea citesc carti englezesti.
16. Ea isi face bagajul.
17. Cât de des le scrii parintilor tai?
18. Când merg la mare imi place sa inot mult.
19. Clientul tocmai isi alege o pereche de pantofi.

SOME, ANY, NO

Read the conversation below:

Barbara: Is there any milk left?

Katherine: Yes, there is some in the bottle on the table.
Barbara: Would you like some milk?
Katherine: No, thank you. I don't think I'll drink any tonight. Could I have
some water, please?
Barbara: Sure. There is some in the fridge.

Barbara: Do you know anybody who comes from China?

Katherine: Yes, I think there is someone who is Chinese in my English
class.
Barbara: Great, could you ask him some questions for me?
Katherine: No problem. Is there anything special you want me to ask?
Barbara: No, I don't have anything in particular in mind. Maybe you could
ask him some questions about life in China. Is that OK?
Katherine: I would be happy to do that for you.

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 Rules

1. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: any, none

2. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: some
3. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
no one nothing nowhere
someone something somewhere
anyone anything anywhere
everyone everything everywhere
4. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES, INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
whatever whichever whoever
5. ADJECTIVE/ADVERB: else
---------------------------------------------------------------

1. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: any, none

>> We use the word "any" in questions and in negative

declarations.
We use "any" as an INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, and as an INDEFINITE
PRONOUN:

-Is there any toilet paper in the bathroom?

ADJECTIVE
No, there isn't any.
PRONOUN
-Are there any elephants in your house?
ADJECTIVE
No, there aren't any.
PRONOUN

NOT ANY, NO, NONE:

>> We make the negative with "not any", "no" or "none":

-Are there any music classes at your school?

ADJECTIVE
No, there are not any music classes at my school.
ADJECTIVE
No, there are not any at my school.
PRONOUN
No, there are no music classes at my school
ADJECTIVE
No, there are none at my school.
PRONOUN

2. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: some

>> For positive declarations, we use the INDEFINITE

ADJECTIVE/PRONOUN, "some":

-Do you know any Australians?

ADJECTIVE
No, I don't know any.
PRONOUN

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 No, I know none.
PRONOUN
Yes, I know some Australians.
ADJECTIVE
Yes, I know some.
PRONOUN

-Is there any coffee?

ADJECTIVE
Yes, there is some coffee.
ADJECTIVE
Yes, there is some.
PRONOUN
No, there is not any coffee.
ADJECTIVE
No, there is not any.
PRONOUN
No, there is no coffee.
ADJECTIVE
No, there is none.
PRONOUN

EXAMPLES:

-Are there any cockroaches at your house?

No, there aren't any.
There are none.
-There's a monster under my bed.
No there isn't. There isn't any monster under your bed.
-Are there any skeletons in his closet?
Yes, there are. There are some.
-Do you know any famous people?
Yes, I do. I know some.
No, I don't. I don't know any.
-He doesn't have any friends.
That's too bad.

EXERCISES:

>> Fill in the blank with "any", "some", "no" or "none":

0. Are there ______ onions?

No, there aren't ______.
Are there any onions?
No, there aren't any.
1. Do ______ black people work in your company?
Yes, there are ______.
2. She hasn't ______ clothes to wear to the party.
No problem, I can give her ______.
3. Mary, there is ______ gas in the car.
Oh, no. We had better get ______.
4. Are there ______ good movies this weekend?
No, there are ______.
5. I want to take a shower; is there ______ hot water?

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 I'm sorry, there is ______ hot water.

>> Answer the questions:

0. Do you want any help?

No thanks, ______
No thanks, I don't need any.
6. Does he eat any meat?
7. Are there any truly honest people?
8. Is there any time left before class finishes?
9. Does Mark have any books on ancient history?
10. Do you have any Russian relatives?

3. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:

>> We combine the words "any", "some", "no" and "every" with
the words
"one", "body", "thing", "where" and "place" to make the following
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:

NO/NONE SOME ANY EVERY

no one someone anyone everyone

nobody somebody anybody
everybody

nothing something anything everything

nowhere somewhere anywhere

everywhere
noplace someplace anyplace every place

>> Notice that all of the above INDEFINITE PRONOUNS are

singular.
We use the third person singular in the general tense:

-My car really gets me mad: Nothing works. Everything breaks and costs
money.
-What is there on TV tonight?
There isn't anything!
There's absolutely nothing!
-Don't just stand there, do something!
There's nothing to do.
There isn't anything to do.
-Does anyone here have a red Ferrari parked out in front?
There isn't anyone here who has a red Ferrari.
No one has a Ferrari here.
-Everybody loves somebody sometime.
I don't! I hate everybody!
-Everywhere I go I see people with cellular phones.
-Where do you ride your bicycle?
I ride anywhere and everywhere.

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-Does anyone want ice cream?
Yes! Yes! Everyone wants ice cream!
-Nobody likes a sore loser.

EXERCISES:

>> Fill in the blank with the "no one", "something", "anywhere",
"everyone", etc:

1. There must be ______ that sells used books.

someplace

4. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES, INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:

whatever whichever whoever

>> We combine "what, which" and "who" with "ever" to form the
following
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS and INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES:

WHATEVER AS A PRONOUN:

ANYTHING OR EVERYTHING THAT...:

-Richard is a pig. He eats whatever is in front of him.
-It's your birthday; ask for whatever you want.
-Margaret is the boss; I do whatever she says.

NO MATTER WHAT:
-Whatever you say, I don't believe you.
-I like Mary, whatever other people may think about her.
-Whatever I do, you criticize me. Why?

ANYTHING ELSE:
-With dinner I usually drink beer or wine or whatever.
-It's a casual party; wear jeans or a skirt or whatever.
-Sonia watches a lot of TV. She watches the news or movies or whatever.

TO EXPRESS ASTONISHMENT OR PERPLEXITY:

-Whatever are you doing with that poor animal?
-Whatever does he do in the bathroom for three hours?
-Whatever do you want from me?

WHATEVER AS AN ADJECTIVE:

ANY... THAT...
-In this bar they serve whatever beer you like.
-We have jackets of all kinds; whatever size and whatever color you need.
-Whatever train he takes stops at this station.

ALL:
-I eat whatever foods she cooks.
-The bank accepts whatever payments you make.

NO MATTER WHAT:
-Whatever game we play, Steven always wins.

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-Call me when you arrive, at whatever time.
-Whatever religion you believe in it doesn't matter to me.

WHICHEVER AS A PRONOUN:

WHATEVER ONE OF A GROUP:

-Shop at the National Supermarket or the Sun Supermarket, whichever
you prefer.
-Take the five o'clock or the six o'clock bus, whichever is more convenient
for you.
-There are three hotels. Stay in whichever is the cheapest.

WHICHEVER AS AN ADJECTIVE:

BEING WHATEVER ONE OF A GROUP:

-Shop at whichever supermarket you prefer.
-Take whichever bus is more convenient for you.
-Stay in whichever hotel is the cheapest.

NO MATTER WHICH:
-You win something whichever door you choose.
-Cigarettes are bad for you whichever brand you smoke.

WHOEVER AS A PRONOUN:

WHATEVER PERSON:
-Tell the good news to whomever you meet.
-Whoever wants dessert, come into the kitchen.
-I think that whoever drives like him is an idiot.

5. ADJECTIVE/ADVERB: else

>> We use the word "else" as an ADJECTIVE to express being

different
or being in addition:

-I don't like fish, what else is there to eat?

-Who else is coming to the party?
-You dance; everybody else is tired.
-Finish the cake if you want; nobody else wants any.
-That is Eduardo's car, but somebody else is driving it.
-Thank you for your homework, Larry. Does anybody else have their
homework?
-They have nothing else to say.
-She doesn't like these shoes; show her something else.
-I have the flour, the salt, the yeast and the water to make pizza; do I
need anything else?
-EasyEnglish is the best English site on the web; everything else is second
best.

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 >> We use the word "else" as an ADVERB to express: in a
different or additional place, way or time:

-This store doesn't have the CD I want; where else do they sell jazz music?
-Let's go somewhere else; here the music is too loud.
-At Renato's Bar there is good espresso coffee; everywhere else the coffee
is like dirty water.
-Rice is boiled and it is fried, how else is it cooked?
-If you don't tell him, how else will he know you love him?
-Five o'clock in the morning is too early. When else do trains leave for
Madrid?
-Of course I celebrate New Year's on December thirty first! When else does
anyone celebrate New Years?

EXERCISES:

We gave ______ food to eat.

Can I have ___________ to eat?

Make the following sentences negative:

x There is some milk on the floor.
x There is some water in the refrigerator.
x. Someone is at the door.
x. Everyone is tired after the trip.

Make the following sentences positive:

x. There isn't anything good on TV tonight.
x. No-one is at home.
x. There aren't any books on the shelf.

Answer the following questions positively and negatively:

x. Are there any boys in your math class?
x. Is anyone ready for the test?
x. Are any of you Chinese?
x. Are there any good book stores in your town?
x Is anything better than chocolate ice cream?

Ask questions for the following answers:

x. Nobody is at the school today; it's Sunday.
x. Yes, someone is in the kitchen with Dinah.

We use "some" in positive sentences. We use some for

SOME both countable and uncountable nouns. Example: I have
some friends.
ANY We use "any" in negative sentences or questions. We use
any for both countable and uncountable nouns. Example:

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 Do you have any cheese? - He doesn't have any
friends in Chicago.
We use "some" in questions when offering or requesting
EXCEPTION! something that is there. Example: Would you like some
bread? (offer) - Could I have some water? (request)
SOMEBODY, We use "some" words - somebody, someone, somewhere
SOMEWHERE, and something - in positive sentences. Example: He lives
SOMETHING somewhere near here.
We use "any" words - anybody, anyone, anywhere and
ANYBODY,
anything - in negative sentences or questions. Example:
ANYWHERE,
Do you know anything about that boy? - She doesn't
ANYTHING
have anywhere to go.
Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with some or any, or some or any
words (somewhere, anybody)

• Would you like ____________________ to eat?

• I have____________________ money in my wallet.
• Is there____________________ juice in the fridge?
• He can't think of____________________ to do.
• I'd like to go____________________ hot for my vacation.
• Is there____________________ who plays tennis in your class?
• I'm afraid I don't have____________________ answers to life's
problems.
• Could I have____________________ Coke?

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 ATTENTION !

look, see or watch

Word Explanation Example

to pay attention, to try to see Look at the board, please.
look what is there; seem You can look up the words in
look up (e.g. dictionary) the dictionary.
visual impression come to the Can you see the the blue car
see eyes; over there?
understand I see what you mean.
He watches TV in the
watch look for a time; like to look
evenings.

Exercise

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look, see oder watch? - Choose the correct word.

1) You can't __________________ far in this fog.

2) Denny and Phil__________________ good tonight.

3) Did you__________________ Coronation Street yesterday

evening?

4) __________________ out for pickpockets.

5) Can you__________________ the blue car on the left?
6) __________________ you tomorrow, if nothing comes in
between.
7) It__________________ like rain, doesn't it?
8) Oh yes, I__________________ what you mean.
9) Hey, what's wrong? You really__________________ unhappy.
10) I'm afraid, Linda has to__________________ doctor.

1) You can't see far in this fog. 2) Denny and Phil look good tonight. 3)
Did you watch Coronation Street yesterday evening? 4) Watch out for
pickpockets. 5) Can you see the blue car on the left? 6) See you
tomorrow, if nothing comes in between. 7) It looks like rain, doesn't it? 8)
Oh yes, I see what you mean. 9) Hey, what's wrong? You really look
unhappy. 10) I'm afraid, Linda has to see doctor.

say or tell

Word Explanation Example

to say something (say is
Andrew said that he was
followed immediately by a noun
right.
clause)
say
If you want to put a personal
He said to his father that he
object after say, use the word
was right.
to.
to tell someone something (tell
Can you tell me the way to
tell is followed by an object noun or
the station, please?
pronoun)

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Note:
In formal situations, the verb must be formed in the past tense.
Andrew told me that he was right.

Informal it is ok to say:
Andrew told me that he is right.

Some might say that he was right. some people believe

It is said to bring good luck.
No one goes home without my say-
so.
Let me have my say.
in the sense of "always"
used as a statement
say is used as a noun

Exercise

say or tell? - Choose the correct answer.

1) Can you__________________ me the way to the station,

please?
2) He didn't__________________ a word.
3) She__________________ her name was Sue.
4) Let me__________________ you something about my hobbies.
5) Forget everything I just__________________.
6) Why didn't you__________________ him that before?
7) Why didn't you__________________ that before?
8) They__________________ nothing to me.
9) You don't need to__________________ us that.
10) What did Eric__________________ when he saw the new
bike?

1) Can you tell me the way to the station, please? 2) He didn't say a
word. 3) She said her name was Sue. 4) Let me tell you something about
my hobbies. 5) Forget everything I just said. 6) Why didn't you tell him
that before? 7) Why didn't you say that before? 8) They said nothing to
me. 9) You don't need to tell us that. 10) What did Eric say when he saw
the new bike?

hear or listen to

Word Explanation Example

to be aware of sounds in your I can hear music in Peter's
hear
ears room.
to pay attention to sb./sth. that Peter often listens to music
listen (to)
you can hear when he's at home.

Exercise

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hear or listen? - Choose the correct answer.

1) Hey John! Can you__________________ that sound?

2) __________________ I'd like to have a word with you.
3) Do you like to__________________ Rock music?
4) The children__________________ the teacher carefully.
5) Sorry, I wasn't really__________________.
6) Can you speak a little louder? I can't__________________
you.
7) Have you__________________ of the accident in Elm Road?
8) That's good to__________________.
9) __________________ There's someone at the door.
10) Can't you__________________ the baby crying?

1) Hey John! Can you hear that sound? 2) Listen! I'd like to have a word
with you. 3) Do you like to listen to Rock music? 4) The children listen to
the teacher carefully. 5) Sorry, I wasn't really listening. 6) Can you speak
a little louder? I can't hear you. 7) Have you heard of the accident in Elm
Road? 8) That's good to hear. 9) Listen! There's someone at the door.
10) Can't you hear the baby crying?

*which or what

Word Explanation Example

You have a limited choice of Which lemonade do you like -
which
things. green or pink?
You have an unlimited choice of
what What lemonade do you like?
things.

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With nouns that refer to people, sometimes which is used - even if there is
an unlimited choice.

*because, as, since or for

Word Explanation Example

The reason is very important in
the sentence, so because I read this book because I like
because
comes in the sencond clause of it.
the sentence.
as The reason is already known. As we read, we learn.
Since we were in the
The reason is already known.
since computer lab, our English has
(more formal than as)
improved.
We went to a small
The reason is given at the end
for restaurant - for we were
of the sentence.
hungry.

*to, too or two

Word Explanation Example

preposition
He walks to school.
They fly to Budapest.
to
before an
I don't know what to do.
infinitive
also, as well
He sings and plays the drums too.
too
sth. is more than
This T-shirt is too large.
necessary
two number We arrived in Rome two hours ago.

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