1.

(2 + ) + (2 + ) = 0
(2+ ) (2+ )

=

=
1=1 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 2 +
= 2 +

(, ) = 2 + + ()

= + () = 2 + () = 2 () = 2

(, ) = 2 + + 2

2. ( + 3) + ( + 2) = 0
(+3) (+ 2)

=

=
32 La ecuacin no es Exacta

3. 1 + ( + 3 2 ) = 0
( 1 ) (+ 3 2 ) 1

=

=
1 = La ecuacin es Exacta

= 1 = + 3 2

(, ) = + ()

= + () = + 3 2 () = 3 2 () = 3

(, ) = + 3

4. (1 + 2 ) + (2 + 4) = 0
(1+ 2 ) (2+ 4)

=

=
2 = 2 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 1 + 2
= 2 + 4

(, ) = + 2 + ()

= 2 + () = 2 + 4 () = 4 () = 2 2

(, ) = + 2 + 2 2

5. (1 + 2 ) + (3 + 4) = 0
(1+ 2 ) (3+ 4)

=

=
2 3 La ecuacin no es Exacta

6. (3 2 + 2 + 3 ) + ( 2 + 3 2 + cos ) = 0, (0) = 0
(3 2 +2+ 3 ) ( 2 + 3 2 +cos )

=

=
2 + 3 2 = 2 + 3 2 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 3 2 + 2 + 3
= 2 + 3 2 + cos

(, ) = 3 + 2 + 3 + ()

= 2 + 3 2 + () = 2 + 3 2 + cos () = cos () =

(, ) = 3 + 2 + 3 +

2 2
7. (2 3 + 2 ) + ( + 2) = 0
2 2
(2 3 +2 ) ( + 2) 2 2

=

=
2 = 2 La ecuacin es Exacta
2 2

= 2 3 + 2
= + 2
2
(, ) = 2 + + ()
2 2
= + () = + 2 () = 2 () = 2

2
(, ) = 2 + + 2
8. (2 + 1) + ( 2 + 1) = 0
(2+1) ( 2 + 1)

=

=
2 = 2 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 2 + 1
= 2 + 1

(, ) = 2 + + ()

= 2 + () = 2 + 1 () = 1 () =

(, ) = 2 + +

9. (2 + + 2 2 ) + ( + 22 + 3 2 ) = 0
(2++22 ) (+22 + 32 )

=

=
1 + 4 = 1 + 4 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 2 + + 2 2
= + 22 + 3 2

(, ) = 2 + + 2 2 + ()

= + 22 + () = + 22 + 3 2 () = 3 2 () = 3

(, ) = 2 + + 2 2 + 3

10. (2 + 5 3 sen ) + (5 4 3 sen + 3 5 3 sen + 5 3 cos + 2) = 0, (0) = 2

(2 + 5 3 sen ) (5 4 3 sen + 3 5 3 sen + 5 3 cos + 2)
= =

5 4 3 sen + 3 5 3 sen + 5 3 cos = 5 4 3 sen + 3 5 3 sen + 5 3 cos La ecuacin es Exacta


= 2 + 5 3 sen
= 5 4 3 sen + 3 5 3 sen + 5 3 cos + 2

(, ) = 2 + 5 3 sen + ()

= 5 4 3 sen + 3 5 3 sen + 5 3 cos + () = 5 4 3 sen + 3 5 3 sen + 5 3 cos + 2 () = 2 () = 2

(, ) = 2 + 5 3 sen + 2

11. + ( + ) = 0
() (+ )
= = 01 La ecuacin no es Exacta

12. 1 + 1 = 0
( 1 ) ( 1 )

=

=
0=0 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 1
= 1

(, ) = ln + ()

= 0 + () = 1 () = 1 () = ln

(, ) = ln + ln

13. (2 + 3 2 2 ) + (2 3 5 4 ) = 0
(2+ 3 2 2 ) (2 3 5 4 )

=

=
62 = 62 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 2 + 3 2 2
= 2 3 5 4

(, ) = 2 + 3 2 + ()

= 2 3 + () = 2 3 5 4 () = 5 4 () = 5

(, ) = 2 + 3 2 5

14. ( + ) + ( + 2) = 0
( + ) ( + 2)

=

=
cos = cos La ecuacin es Exacta


= +
= + 2

(, ) = + + ()

= + () = + 2 () = 2 () = 2

 (, ) = + + 2

15. (2 + 2 ) + ( 2 + 3 2 ) = 0
(2 + 2 ) ( 2 +32 )

=

=
2 + 2 = 2 + 2 La ecuacin es Exacta


= 2 + 2
= 2 + 3 2

(, ) = 2 + ()

= 2 + () = 2 + 3 2 () = 3 2 () = 3

(, ) = 2 + 3

1 1
16. (+)2 +1
+ [1 + (+)2 +1] = 0
1 1
((+)2 ) [1+(+)2 ] 2(+) 2(+)
+1 +1

=

=
((+)2 +1)2 = ((+)2 +1)2 La ecuacin es Exacta
1 1

= (+)2 +1
= [1 + (+)2 +1]

(, ) = ( + ) + ()
1 1
= 2
+ () = 1 + () = 1 () =
( + ) + 1 ( + )2 + 1
(, ) = ( + ) +

1 1
17. +
+ [+ + 3 2 ] = 0
1 1
(+) [++32 ] 1 1

=

=
(+)2 = (+)2 La ecuacin es Exacta
1 1
= = + 3 2
+ +

(, ) = ln( + ) + ()
1 1
= + () = + 3 2 () = 3 2 () = 3
+ +
(, ) = ln( + ) + 3

2 2
18. [3 2 + ( 2 +2+1)2 ] + [(2 +2 +1)2 4] = 0

2 2
[3 2 + 2] [ 2 4]
(2 +2 +1) (2 +2 +1) 8 8
= = ( 2 = ( 2 La ecuacin es Exacta
+ 2 +1)3 + 2 +1)3
2 2

= 3 2 + ( 2 +2 +1)2
= (2 +2 +1)2 4

1
(, ) = 3 + ()
2 + 2 + 1
2 2
= 2 2 2
+ () = 2 4 () = 4 () = 2 2
( + + 1) ( + 2 + 1)2
1
(, ) = 3 2 2
2 + 2 + 1

19. ( + ) + [( + ) 2( 2 )] = 0
[(+)] [(+)2( 2 )]

=

=
( + ) = ( + ) La ecuacin es Exacta


= ( + )
= ( + ) 2( 2 )

(, ) = ( + ) + ()

= ( + ) + () = ( + ) 2( 2 ) () = 2( 2 ) () = ( 2 )

(, ) = ( + ) + ( 2 )

+2
20. +
+ [( + ) + +] = 0
+2
( + ) [(+)++] 1

=

=
(+)2 = (+) (+)2 (+)2 = (+)2 La ecuacin es Exacta
+2

= +
= 1 + +
= ( + ) + +
 (, ) = + ln( + ) + ()

= ln( + ) + + () = ln( + ) + () = 0 () =
+ +
(, ) = + ln( + ) +

21. Suponga que una ecuacin diferencial se puede resolver por separacin de variables de manera que

= ()()

Esta ecuacin es equivalente a
1
() = 0
()

Demuestre que [1()] () = 0 es una ecuacin diferencial exacta y compare la solucin obtenida por separacin de variables

con la que se obtiene con eI mtodo para ecuaciones exactas.

29. Demuestre que si se hace la sustitucin z = ax + by + c y b * O, entonces la ecuacin diferencial dy
= /(ax + by + c) dx
cambia a una ecuacin diferencial en zy x que se puede resolver por separacin de variables.
En los ejercicios 30 al 34, resuelva la ecuacin diferencial usando eI ejercicio 29.
1
30. ^ = (x + y) dx
31. = (x + 4.y- V)1
dx
32. = tan (- x + y + 1)+ 1 dx
I = e'*y\x + y)'1 - \ dx

33.
/ n As />n>hltfn(i\ I a I I, carfti EI) es honwffnea.
34. lin los problemas I a 1 0 , resuelva cada ecuacin diferencial
maJUmlo una sustitucin apropiada.
I. (. v)d\+xdy 0 2. ( x + y ) d x + x d y = 0

3. wA + (1 \ ) dy 0 4. y dx = 2(x + y ) dy
5. ( vi y v)r/< .ri/vO 6. ( y ' + y x ) d x + x d y = 0
dy yx dy x + 7>y
7 . -7- == ------------------------- 8. = ------------ -
<v v+x dx ?>x + y
. 9 . v dx + (x + Vjcy) /v = 0
dy 7
10. x - = y + vx v , x > 0 dx 2

l-n los ejercicios 1 1 a 1 4 , resuelva eI problema de valor inicial dado.

"xy2 ^ =
y3 ~x*'y(l) = 2

12. (jr + 2 V J) = jry, y( - 1) = 1

13. (x + yev/x) dx - xev,x dy = 0, y( ]) = 0

14. v dx + jf(ln x - ln y - l) dy = 0 , I) = e