Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Works Branch
1. Purpose .... 1
2. Scope of coverage ............................................................................................. 1
3. Data Required for Estimation........................................................................... 1
4. Calculation of Labour Requirements in a Period ............................................. 2
5. Calculation of Labour Requirements arising from a Project ............................ 2
6. Calculation of Numbers of Contractor staff, RSS and Consultant Staff.......... 2
7. Conversion of man-days to number of workers ............................................... 3
8. Ratios for estimating Number of Professional, Technical and Ancillary Staff 3
9. Worked Example (See Annex 5) ...................................................................... 3
Annexes
1. Purpose
1.1 This guideline establishes a consistent and unified procedure on the estimation of
labour and staff requirements arising from public works. It is important that the
methodology in this guideline for the estimation should be followed and verified
with ETWB before release to other party.
2. Scope of coverage
2.1 The labour and staff requirements arising om the public works of the Works
Departments include ArchSD, CED, DSD: HyD, TDD, WSD and EMSD. Works
under the following sources of funding are included :
CF-PWP
CF-Non-PWP
C F - Block Vote
Non-CWRF
Maintenance Vote
3.2.1 All works of the departments are divided into 9 categories: building works, site
formation, roadworks, drainage works, port works, waterworks, waste management
works, geotechnical works, and E&M works. The 9 categories are further divided
into sub-categories according to the type of work (as shown at Annex 1).
3.2.2 Based on information collected from the GF527, a site return for daily labour
deployment, the average number of labour of each trade in the form of man-day per
$M (labour multiplier) for the specific sub-category of works is derived. A
summary of average labour multipliers/$M for all sub-categories of works is shown
at Annex 1.
4.1 In a given period, the labour requirement in mandays of each trade of a sub-
category of work is calculated by multiplying the cash flow ($M) of that period
with the labour multipliers for the particular trade.
4.2 By summing up the labour requirements for all sub-categories of works within a
specified period, we can obtain the total labour requirements for that particular
period. For example, adding the labour requirements for all sub-categories for all
projects in 2003/2004 comes up with the total number of labour man-days required
in 2003/2004.
5.1 This method could be used to estimate the average annual labour requirement of a
project when the project estimate and duration are known. Experience has shown
that the bulk of manual site workers are engaged during the core construction
period which is approximately 90% of the actual contract duration. Therefore the
actual contract period is multiplied by 0.9 for the calculation of the average core
cash flow.
5.2 The average core cashflow of a project per year is the project estimate (including
project contingencies) divided by (0.9 x the actual contract period in years) as
explained in paragraph 5.1 above. The actual contract period is taken as the number
of year, to one decimal place, from contract commencement to substantial
completion.
5.3 By using the average core cash flow per year obtained and the coesponding
multipliers as listed at the coesponding labour requirements generated
from the project per year can be obtained.
5.4 However, for pr ects with duration shorter than 12 months, the core construction
period mentioned above is not applicable. The labour requirements for such project
are obtained by multiplying project estimate with the multiplier.
6.1 The results of a survey conducted in a consultancy study in 2001102 were used to
update the average staff ratios/multipliers for contractor staff, RSS and consultants'
S
2
6.2 The ratios for contractor staff to labour and for RSS to labour for civil and building
pr ects are shown .. Staff ratios for estimation of requirement of RSS
for building projects in AfchSD are also suggested in case that RSS is adopted to
cay out the site supervision of the projects concerned.
6.3 The updated average multipliers for consultant staff are shown at They
are suggested to be adopted for calculation of the numbers of professional, technical
and ancillary staff employed by consultants.
7.1 The man-day figures are converted to numbers of workers by assuming that a
worker works 295 days a year. This figure includes the annual leave, rest days and
statutory holidays under the Employment Ordinance.
8.1 The following ratios should be used in the calculation of professional, superviso
technical and ancillary staff when the numbers of consultant staff, contractor staff
and RSS are known.
9.1 A worked example on the estimation oflabour and staff requirements arising oma
public works project is shown at
3
Annex 1
Average Labour Multipliers (Man-year/$M) for
Different Categories and Sub-categories of Works
Labour Multipliers
Labur Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Architectural Services Department
Categ Buildings Sub-categry
:E
,
.c
@
Trade .g
z~
~ ~
;;
J
Laburer 76.64 78.37 73.42 0.00 102.38 76.64 55.01 75.28 0.00
Excavatr 2.13 2.56 7.80 0.00 1.27 2.13 0.88 3.88 .00
cncreting Laburer 24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 24 0.00 1.93 0.00
Laburer/Excavator/Cncreting Labour 79.01 80.93 81.22 99.77 103.74 79.01 55.89 81.10 0.00
Bamb Scaolder 5.83 7.12 13.07 5.13 6.65 5.83 9.18 32 350.73
Bricklayer 2.47 6.73 7.27 7.97 1.28 2.47 5.00 0.05 40.29
Masn 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 1.07 17
0.00
Marble wrker 7.88 3.95 0.00 90 0.00 7.88 1.01 .13 0.00
Plasterer 42.22 33.97 68.42 72.03 33.39 42.22 26.39 0.08 0.00
Carpenter {Formwork} 33.65 51.66 60.15 52.39 55.89 33.65 28.84 21.32 0.08
Jiner 7.36 15.32 9.18 28.21 3.00 7.36 13.40 4.25 0.00
cnstructin Plant Mechanic 4.51 1.75 0.00 13.30 0.00 4.51 3.71 1.48 .00
Metal wrker/ General Welder 19.62 34.20 10.67 28.23 17.86 19.62 23.46 4.18 201.04
Structural Steel Erectr 0.36 7.81 0.00 .69 74 36 .00 .00 0.00
Painter & Decrator 9.51 7.51 7.12 14.95 18.20 9.51 9.30 0.07 13.59
Plumber 7.98 5.59 16.95 15.29 13.91 7.98 6.21 2.11 .00
Bar Bender and Fixer 17.79 26.12 34.85 34.91 26.33 17.79 3 .06 18.32 0.00
cncretor 3.47 6.03 5.14 9.74 8.05 3.47 6.45 10.65 0.00
Drainlayer 7.15 7.84 6.10 18.12 9.28 7.15 .95 1.80 0.00
Plant & Equipment Operator Lad Shing 7.37 4.76 10.21 8.97 14.41 7.37 4.05 57.24 0.0
Rigger/Mel Formwrk Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.08 0.00
Asphalter Rad cnstruction 26 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.03 26 0.00 0.00 .00
Glazier 1.00 1.62 2.35 1.46 4.51 1.00 .92 .02 9.29
Rck-breaking Driller 0.41 0.28 4.64 0.00 0.00 41 0.07 1.01 0.00
Heavy Lad Laburer 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder
0.00 17 .00 2.55
Leveller 13.78 5.82 0.00 4.00 21.22 13.78 10.11 0.00 0.00
Truck Driver 1.23 75 0.00 0.00 0.82 1.23 0.00 20.42 0.00
Diver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 27 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 .52 0.00
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician} 69.59 22.05 33.27 39.49 105.75 69.59 32.63 4.74 0.00
Mechanical Fitter 4.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.57 4.16 0.24 18 0.00
Refrigeratin/ACMechanic 30.79 45.90 0.00 42.50 13.49 30.79 25.50 0.00 0.00
Sheet Metal Worker 10.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 .23 25 0.00 0.00
Refrigeratin/ACNentilation Mechanic 41.02 45.90 0.00 42.50 13.49 41.02 25.75 0.00 .00
Fire Services Mechanic 10.23 10.38 5.06 11.95 5.06 10.23 20.01 0.00 0.00
Lift Electrician 1.24 0.00 0.08 2.82 .08 1.24 2.98 0.00 0.00
Lift Mechanic 2.63 0.00 0.00 4.96 0.00 2.63 5.84 .00 0.00
Lift and Escalatr Mechanic 3.88 0.00 0.08 7.78 0.08 3.88 8.83 .00 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .0 0.00 0.00
Cable Jinter Pwer 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37 0.00 0.00 0.00
Othe 14 0.00 0.00 2.08 1.70 0.14 18 17 0.00
Total Labur Man-days/$M) 403 388 376 523 473 403 323 248 615
Average Labur Multipliers (Man-years/$M } 1.37 1.32 1.27 1.77 1.61 1.37 1.09 .84 2.08
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department: Civil Engineering Department
Category : Po Works Sub-category
--
. A
cc::
c:
c:
:::!!:
..c: =
=. ,
:::!!: ~~
Trade
~..c:
t1)
.
EL. ~ :ii:
Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 19.37 11.83 192.77 148.61 405.68 202.44
Bamboo Scaolder 0.01 0.00 1.10 0.00 14.59 1.22
Bricklayer 0.06 0.00 0.11 0.07 0.51 0.00
Mason 0.00 0.00 0.60 .62 7.49 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.62 0.00 2.11 1.55 0.04 2.63
Carpenter (Formwork} 1.74 .21 31.39 40.98 30.08 4.59
Joiner 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Construction Plant Mechanic 10.00 39.17 3.54 2.99 0.00 0.15
Metal Worker/ General Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.26 26.48
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.02
Painter & Decorator 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 2.18 11.47
Plumber
0.00 0.00
0.13 .07
Bar Bender and Fixer 0.64 0.00 9.03 12.25 2.96 0.04
Concretor 0.84 0.00 16.15 8.60 14.31 3.27
Drain layer 0.05 0.00 13 0.23 0.07 0.00
Plant & Equipment Operator (Load Shifting } 24.68 8.22 37.00 85.47 27.89 20.47
Rigger/Mel Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 3.97
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.26 16.27
Heavy Load Labourer 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 14.48 0.29 35.05 18.60 1.08 .00
Leveller 7.93 0.00 .32 7.06 1.97 0.00
Truck Driver 1.69 3.02 6.31 11.39 9.90 83.98
Diver 1.13 0.00 8.26 14.24 0.14 3.45
Diver's Lineman 1.71 0.00 13.21 21.36 0.00 23.63
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician) .74 0.13 2.44 7.81 2.41 0.49
Mechanical Fitter .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic
.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
Cable Jointer (Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
the rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Labour {Man-days/$M} 87 63 360 384 571 405
Average Labour MultiplieMan-years/$M 0.30 0.21 1.22 1.30 1.93 1.37
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Drainage Services Depament
Category : Roads and Drainage Sub-category
"ca c c.~ E
c
E~ ~i
Trade . ~~ E"
c
::I
a.
g~. .a-
- E
c
I .I
E
a
1.t
2
~
S
(/)
-
~
en
E
a f;; 2 IH
z
z
=
!II
I! :z
Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 161.76 200.77
302.79 145.53 394.29
Bamboo Scaolder 0.05 1.74 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00
Bricklayer 0.14 0.54 0.00 0.65 0.00 .00
Mason 3.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.92 12.21 0.00 3.49 0.00 0.30
Carpenter {Formwork} 28.49 44.47 0.00 51.34 2.38 21.61
Joiner 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 12.48
Construction Plant Mechanic 0.00 3.49 0.00 7.41 6.66 0.00
Metal Worker/ General Welder 1.89 8.07 0.27 0.54 13.00 11.59
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.13
Painter & Decorator 0.12 19.40 0.00 15.48 .11 .00
Plumber 0.15 17.33 0.00 19.73 .12 95.15
Bar Bender and Fixer 9.58 25.40 0.00 16.89 0.95 7.30
Co1cretor 5.71 4.80 0.00 4.36 4.66 72.82
Drainlayer 0.05 22.56 0.00 34.99 0.00 81.19
Plant & Equipment Operator (Load Shifting } 88.81 43.49 0.00 50.14 12.32 56.79
Rigger/Mel Formwork Erector 0.03 0.59 0.24 20.21 9.89 0.00
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.19
0.00
0.00 1.35
Glazier 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 0.27 3.16 0.04 1.31 1.67 12.08
0.00 0.07 0.03 2.25
Heavy Load Labourer 0.10
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 2.18 2.18 2.18
Leveller
0.00
Truck Driver 89.46 18.37 0.00 49.27 5.27 107.84
Diver 0.00 9.40 0.00 .00 14 23.06
14.95 0.00
Diver's Lineman
0.00 0.05 6.51
Electrical Fitter {incl. Electrician } 1.14 0.87 24.96 4.36 29.08 24.53
Mechanical Fitter 0.00 0.00 55.59 0.00 9.66 2.26
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00 1.53 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 4.90 0.00 0.00 0.07
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 0.14
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 0.00 0.00 1.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cable Jointer {Power) .00
0.80 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Labour {Man-days/$M} 393 454 92 588 242 947
Average Labou Multipliers (Man-years/$M) 1.33 1.54 0.31 1.99 .82 3.21
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Electrical & Mechancical Services Department
Category : E&MWorks Sub-category
u
c
~
.,; E
c c
Trade
%~ E ~
~
U U ~~ t
m ~
Trade
! c:
.
z.. ::
c:
..
~c
-
z~K
..J ..
Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 47.23 47.23
Bamboo Scaffolder 0.00 0.12
Bricklayer 0.00 1.24
Mason 0.00 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.00 0.29
Carpenter {Formwork} 2.73 2.26
Joiner 0.00 0.97
Construction Plant Mechanic 5.42 4.02
Metal Worker/ General Welder 4.47 0.00
Structural Steel Erector 0.77 0.00
Painter & Decorator 0.00 2.37
Plumber 0.00 0.82
Bar Bender and Fixer 0.00 0.98
Concretor 2.43 3.84
Drain layer .00 0.47
Plant & Equipment Operator {Load Shifting) 59.03 15.30
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.00 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.62
Rock-breaking Driller 2.27 0.08
Heavy Load Labourer 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.68
Leveller 2.79 0.22
Truck Driver 18.00 0.00
Diver 0.00 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician } 2.39 2.33
Mechanical Fitter 9.71 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Cable Jointer (Power} 0.00 0.00
the rs 0.00 5.97
Total Labour (Man-days/$M) 157 90
Average Labour Multipliers Man-yea$M 0.53 0.30
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Highways Department
Category : Roads and Drainage Sub-category
g
~
~
E~ I
m ~ c d
E ~
l :~
'" c
"Cl
~Bc
Trade >
IL
-
~ 8i~i: ~
~
jHi rn "'
~
Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 200.29 295.61 275.73 304.70 344.25 250.00 346.54
BambooScaolder .00 0.00 0.84 0.10 0.00 0.00 1.95
Bricklayer 0.63 0.00 0.18 1.91 0.37 0.20 0.00
Mason 1.33 0.00 1.63 1.64 1.57 0.45 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.19 4.33 .88 0.47 1.88 5.07 0.00
Carpenter {Formwork} 48.43 56.85 55.61 50.89 31.79 49.98 48.27
Joiner 3.48 8.58 0.00 0.00 3.34 0.00 0.00
Construction Plant Mechanic 0.00 0.00 6.60 5.29 0.00 6.89 21.96
Metal Worker/ General Welder 5.87 9.54 6.11 0.89 16.09 3.04 44.51
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.36 1.80 0.00 0.00 27.20 1.96
Painter & Decorato 1.55 16.53 4.56 3.66 3.30 2.05 1.44
Plumber 0.05 5.54 0.00 0.00 3.51 0.00 0.00
Bar Bender and Fixer 22.60 36.37 13.78 4.48 7.57 27.23 0.29
Co 1cretor 1.77 1.40 20.22 23.30 5.13 18.64 33.42
Drain layer 1.90 0.36 4.98 10.18 12.43 6.00 41.11
Plant & Equipment Operator {Load Shiing 40.67 63.87 56.80 64.44 59.30 44.44 36.50
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
Asphalter (Road Construction } 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.97
0.00 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.00 0.55
0.00 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 5.38 0.44 5.08 2.11 5.65 2.60 16.09
Heavy Load Laboue 0.00 .0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.14 4.56 3.66 .23 2.05 1.44
Leveler 11.90 0.0 3.96 7.46 7.94 7.47 0.00
Truck Driver 15.03 42.57 57.27 93.34 40.38 12.18 74.10
Diver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Electrical Fier (incl. Electrician } 4.91 10.88 3.65 5.21 1.40 4.77 0.13
Mechanical Fitter 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 2.19 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.0
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0
Cable Jointer {Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
the rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.0
Total Labour (Man-days/$M} 367 556 525 584 547 470 670
Average LaburMultiplieMan-yea$M 1.25 1.88 1.78 1.98 1.85 1.59 2.27
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-categ
Department : TDD
Category Site Formation Road and Drainage
!.,
Sub-category c: c:
~ c:
c: c:
E :a 1G
~ ~
.!2 -
~~ ~ ::>
.c 1G
E
~
E LL
Trade
=
At-
z~
.!: .~ .
~0 -~
Cl
c
~
i 1; 4;
:
JE- Z~
fos. ~
c. 3 c~
E~ m
:::J:::J c .u :::J
c..
Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 174.39 175.57 221.81 192.14 66.99 545.10 114.94
Bamboo Scaffolder 2.32 3.61 0.30 0.02 0.76 9.69 0.00
Bricklayer 2.83 2.13 1.81 0.08 0.00 5.25 0.00
Mason 0.46 0.00 0.72 0.32 0.00 5.74 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 11.14 47.61 3.82 6.17 2.70 11.07 0.00
Carpenter (Formwork} 62.02 82.39 37.51 19.93 14.22 15.06 0.00
Joiner 9.47 12.58 4.33 1.29 0.00 15.65 0.00
Construction Plant Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.21 0.54 4.59 0.00
Metal Worker/ General Welder 9.74 9.01 3.06 18.08 0.09 29.62 81.72
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.17 3.05 0.00
Painter & Decorator 6.16 21.56 0.83 0.27 1.99 9.34 0.59
Plumber 8.52 12.65 1.86 1.46 0.50 27.36 1.08
Bar Bender and Fixer 30.26 51.53 31.22 8.69 3.83 5.19 0.00
Concreter 0.00 6.77 14.65 6.17 3.58 39.61 0.00
Drain layer 7.73 0.00 2.29 10.76 0.00 22.12 0.00
Plant & Equipment perator (Load Shifting} 27.38 21.79 78.12 57.47 9.68 45.88 0.00
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00 0.50 3.28 0.00 0.00 0.00
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 6.77 0.00
Glazier 0.41 1.27 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 0.22 0.00 7.42 16.13 8.04 9.82
Heavy Lad Labourer 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.00 4.18 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.34 0.00 1.05 0.00
Leveller 0.00 0.00 0.75 2.92 0.09 3.66 0.00
Truck Driver 7.81 20.12 34.24 34.69 10.61 84.10 0.00
Diver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.00
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician} 37.69 66.97 11.12 2.60 0.13 3.72 415.61
Mechanical Fitter 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.98 0.00 0.85 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.21
Lift and Escalatr Mechanic 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.11 0.00
0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.73
Cable Jointer {Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.51
Othe 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Labour Man days/$M 399 536 458 393 124 909 696
Average Labour Multipliers (Man-years/$M } 1.35 1.82 1.55 1.33 0.42 3.08 2.36
Annex3
Civil Proiects
Buildint?: Proiects
0-50M 3.3 24
50- 500 M 12.0 13.9
>500M 19.0 37
Overall (bldg) 14.5 33.2
Note:
a) Ratios are determined based on returns in 1999/2001 and an additional survey in
2001/2002.
b) For consultant-managed building pr the staff ratios for RSS are based on
returns in the survey in 2001/2002.
Annex4
(a) Pr ect title - It is required for determining the ceg and sub-category of the
project (refer to Annex 1) and hence, the labour multipliers of the sub-category
(refer to Labour multipliers' at Annex 2 or Average Labour Multiplier/$M in
Annex 1). Under each sub-category, labour multipliers for estimating total labour
requirement (in man-days per $M) of the project or for requirements of individual
trades of the project are available.
(d) Contract value - It is required for calculating the average cash flow per year for
estimating manpower requirements. Prect estimate may be used if actual contract
value is not available.
(e) Contract duration - It is required for calculating the average cash flow per year.
(c) The multipliers for individual trades are also included in the labour multiplier table.
For example, the multiplier for structural steel erector of this sub-category is 27.2.
8.2 RSS
Ratio of professional staff to technical & ancillary staff is 22% : (70+8)%
Hence, no. of professional sta~ 1.94 x 0.22 = 0.4
no. of technical & ancillary staff= 1.94 x 0.78 = 1.6 2