NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

Proceedings of the 4th European Conference,

London, UK, 13-17 September 1987

Edited by

J.M.FARLEY
Babcock Energy Ltd, Renfrew, UK

and

R.W.NICHOLS
Warrington, UK

Volume 2

PERGAMON PRESS

OXFORD NEW YORK

BEIJING

FRANKFURT
SAO PAULO SYDNEY
TOKYO TORONTO
 CONTENTS

VOLUME 2

Reliability of NDT 807

Is NDT Value for Money? 921
NDT in Civil Engineering 1001
NDT in the Oil, Gas, Coal and Petrochemical Industries 1063
NDT in the Iron and Steel Industries 1157
NDT in the Aerospace Industry 1255
NDT in the Nuclear and Electricity Supply Industries 1369

VOLUME 1

Reviews 1
Inspection Services, Training, Education and Certification 417
The Impact of Computers on NDT 501
Modelling of NDT 639

VOLUME 3

Scientific Research in NDT 1505

NDT of Advanced Materials 1615
New Techniques 1773
Conventional and Real-Time Radiography 1979
New Radiological Methods 2103

VOLUME 4

Ultrasonic Techniques 2203

Ultrasonic Systems 2393

Electromagnetic Techniques 2533

Condition Monitoring of Plant and Structures 2665

Magnetic Particle and Penetrant Techniques 2727

Proceedings of the 16th EWGAE Conference 2829

Author Index 3101

Subject Index 3109

v
 VOLUME 2

Reliability of NDT

INDEPENDENT NDT PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION SCHEMES

J G Young

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF NDT RELIABILITY

P J Mudge

THE RELIABILITY OF INSPECTION TECHNIQUES FOR

MILITARY AIRCRAFT
DEW Stone

THE UNRELIABILITY OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATIONS

0 Forli and B Pettersen

ASSESSMENT OF DEFECT DETECTABILITY BY STATISTICAL

MODELS
W Morgner and G Tutzschky

EFFECTS OF STRESS ON THE CAPABILITY OF NDT METHODS

TO DETECT AND SIZE FATIGUE CRACKS
J C Collingwood and K Newton

THE RELIABILITY OF X-RAY INSPECTION SYSTEMS AS

PART OF THE QUALITY CONTROL PROCESS IN PRODUCTION
P Smith

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CONTROL IN MAGNETIC PARTICLE

INSPECTION
M Stadthaus, E Dickhaut and W Prestel

PROBABILITY OF DETECTION OF DISCONTINUITIES IN

WELDS IN HEAVY-WALLED COMPONENTS BY RADIOGRAPHIC
AND ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
H Fischdick

EVALUATION OF THE FRENCH STUDIES FOR THE DETECTION

AND SIZING OF SUBCLADDING CRACKS IN CASE OF AN
EVENTUAL PROPAGATION
M Serre, M Asty, E Martin, J Samman, J F Charbonnier
and R Saglio

RELIABILITY ASPECTS OF AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC INSPECTION

B J Dikstra and A T Mclntyre

THE CONTRIBUTION OF NDE TO THE RELIABILITY OF

PRESSURISED COMPONENTS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
R Trumpfheller

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDERWATER NDE

FOR FATIGUE CRACKS IN OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
W D Dover and D A Topp

vi
 vii

Is NDT Value for Money? 921

THE CHANGING ROLE OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN

MECHANICAL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DESIGN
N J Prescott 923

CRACK DETECTION ON SUBSEA STRUCTURES -

A COST
EFFECTIVE APPROACH
A Bennett and F J Chadwick 931

PWR STEAM GENERATORS: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITIES TO MEET NDE REQUIREMENTS
J L Thomson, J P Fogarty and J M Farley 940

STEAM GENERATOR INSPECTION ENGINEERING

D Dobbeni 951

THE MOST EFFECTIVE USE OF NDT OF CONCRETE

J H Bungey 963

PERFORMANCE AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLICATIONS OF

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING ON LARGE FORGINGS
P Bernabei, R Borgna and L Callegari 971

HIGH SPEED ULTRASONIC TESTING OF SAFETY PARTS

C Gerken and H B Weissenberg 992

NDT In Civil Engineering 1001

INSPECTION OF CONCRETE BY ULTRASONIC TESTING

W Hillger 1003

DAMAGE MEASUREMENT VIA ULTRASONIC METHODS

Y Berthaud 1013

EXPERIENCE WITH TESTING PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

STRUCTURES BY RADIOGRAPHY
C Kunz 1024

ACOUSTIC EMISSION CRACK MONITORING AND PREDICTION

OF REMAINING LIFE OF CORRODING REINFORCED CONCRETE
BEAMS
R N K Titus, D V Reddy, S E Dunn and W H Hartt 1031

TRANSIENT SHOCK TESTING OF MASONRY

M C Forde, F Komeyli-Birjandi and A Sibbald 1041

A REVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT OF IN SITU STRENGTH OF

CONCRETE
J H Bungey 1048

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CABLES USED FOR THE

SUSPENSION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES
L Ptacek 1058
viii

NDT in the Oil, Gas, Coal and Petrochemical Industries 1063

INSPECTION OF LIQUID AMMONIA STORAGE VESSELS

W G Callister and F E Moir 1065

EVALUATION OF PETROCHEMICAL EQUIPMENT MATERIAL

CONDITION BY USING NDT METHODS
A Lypolt 1078

AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC EXAMINATIONS OF

TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET WELDS
J Boogaard and P van Wersch 1086

OFFSHORE APPLICATION OF THE MULTIPLE DISPLAY UNIT

(MDU) FOR DEFECT SIZING AND FINGERPRINTING
J L Thomson and B W 0 Shepherd 1095

LEAK TESTING OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

G Duffrene 1104

EXPERIENCE GAINED IN THE USE OF THE MAGNETOGRAPHIC

METHOD OF NDT OF BUTT WELDS IN OIL AND GAS
PIPELINES
M L Shur and V E Scherbinin 1110

ULTRASONIC DETECTION OF HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACK

GROWTH IN PIPE STEEL
F Colaiacovo and M Taddei 1117

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF ROTATING EQUIPMENT

D E Ventzas 1124

PULSATION STUDY OF COMPRESSORS

D E Ventzas 1132

ESTIMATION OF SPEED VARIATIONS OF ROTATING

MACHINE FROM THE DIGITAL DEMODULATION
C Y Liou and C C Chang 1144

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AN AUTOMATIC MAGNETIC

PARTICLE TEST WITH COMPUTERIZED VIDEO SYSTEM
F 0 Koch, H-J Wahl and Fr Feil 1151

NDT in the Iron and Steel Industries

1157
ULTRASONIC TESTING IN THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
OF AN ERW PIPE MILL
-

B Karbach and P Steinert 1159

FINAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF PIPES WITH

MODERN ULTRASONIC TESTING MACHINES
B Karbach and R Prause
1166
 IX

IMPROVED METHOD OF DEFECT EVALUATION IN

ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF FORGINGS BY CONSIDERING
PRODUCTION PARAMETERS
E Nussmuller, R Bauer and W Meyer 1174

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF A NEW METHOD OF

NON-DESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION OF HARDENING
DEPTHS USING RAYLEIGH WAVES
A Lambert, C Flambard and J Rivenez 1183

IMPROVEMENT OF DETECTABILITY IN AUTOMATIC

ULTRASONIC TESTING OF PLATE
K Nishifuji, H Hisakawa and N Ogawa 1193

OPTOELEKTRONISCHE IDENTIFIKATION VON OBERFLACHEN

FEHLERN AUF KALTGEWALZTEN STAHLBANDERN
P Bohlauder, R Keck, H Mennicken,
H J Kopineck and W Tappe 1202

CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE THICKNESS PROFILE

OF PLATES BY ULTRASONIC MEANS
H Smit, H Paaben and L Schulz 1210

EDDY CURRENT EXAMINATION OF STEEL WIRES. RESULTS

R Grimberg, I Olteanu, T Cristea, M Goia,
D Gradinariu, R Plavanescu, T Bacanu,
A Andreescu and D Apavaloaie 1220

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF A WIRE ROPE BY MEANS OF

AN INTEGRATED ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSDUCER
G Wache, A Barbarin and R Labbe 1230

NEW EQUIPMENT FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF RAILS,

SHAPES AND PLATES
E Bubeck 1238

ON-LINE MEASUREMENT OF GAMMA-ALPHA TRANSITION IN

WIRE ROD
G Canella, G Iachino, L Pedicelli and M Taddei 1244

POSSIBILITIES OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE CHECKING OF

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GREY-IRON CASTINGS FOR
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
J Cech and J Exner 1248

NDT in the Aerospace Industry 1255

DIMENSIONAL AND GEOMETRY ANALYSIS OF TURBINE

BLADES BY THE USE OF COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
P Morisseau, J Huet and M Pauton 1257

THE COMPUTERIZED THERMOGRAPHY FOR NDT IN

AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
R Monti and G Mannara 1266
EDDY CURRENT IMAGING USING RECTANGULAR COILS
D J Harrison 1280

COMPUTERIZED EVALUATION OF EDDY CURRENT SIGNALS

F Schur 1286

ULTRASONIC NDE OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS FOR POWER

AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS
A Vary, E R Generazio, D J Roth and G Y Baaklini 1299

FLEXIBLE UT-EQUIPMENT FOR COMPUTERIZED INDUSTRIAL

QUALITY CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS
A Maurer and J Fabian 1308

FLEXISCAN A SYSTEM FOR IN SERVICE INSPECTION

-

OF COMPOSITES
J H Speake 1317

EXPERIENCE OF QUANTATIVE NDE BY UT AT AMD-BA.

SUCCESS OF A CONTINUOUS CALIBRATION POLICY
G Lefevre and J Bernardi 1323

LOW FREQUENCY EDDY CURRENT DETECTION AND

EVALUATION OF CORROSION IN AIRCRAFT SKINS
J M Bernardo, B Sainz, C Valdecantos and
V Cortes 1329

ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF ADVANCED CFRP STRUCTURES

BY COMPUTER-CONTROLLED, PULSE-ECHO TECHNIQUE
B Sainz, V Cortes, C Valdecantos and J M Bernardo 1336

MANUFACTURING AND VERIFICATION OF MICROSCOPIC TEST

REFLECTORS FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION ULTRASONIC INSPECTION
M Podlech 1343

SIZING RADIAL CRACKS IN BORE HOLES USING EDDY CURRENT

J Bernardi, A Seretti, R Samson, F Hardy and E Neron 1348

AIRCRAFT DAMAGE TOLERANT DESIGN AND THE DEPENDENCE

ON NDT RELIABILITY
G V Crowe 1357

NDT in the Nuclear and Electricity Supply Industries 1369

INSPECTION DESIGN IN THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT

A C Ashton, J McLoone and K A M Darling 1371

REMARKS ON THE DETECTION, ACCURACY OF SIZING AND

DETERMINATION OF GROWTH OF DEFECTS IN LARGE
THICK-WALLED STEEL COMPONENTS
D Heinrich, K Leupoldt and G Muller 1376

THE REQUIREMENTS OF ULTRASONIC NDT IN NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT
M D Rowe, G L Goodhind and D A Wood 1380
 XI

DETECTION OF SURFACE BREAKING CRACKS IN CENTRIFUGALLY

CAST STAINLESS STEEL WITH ULTRASONIC-INSPECTION
FROM THE CRACKED SIDE
K Hogberg and T Zetterwall 1389

ACOUSTIC EMISSION MONITORING AND ULTRASONIC

SIZING OF IGSCC IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
E Romero, M D Gomez and J Herrero 1399

IMPROVEMENT IN RELIABILITY AND ACCURACY OF HEATER

TUBE EDDY CURRENT TESTING BY INTEGRATION WITH AN
APPROPRIATE DESTRUCTIVE TEST
E Giovannelli, S Gabiccini, P Motta and R Tarli 1410

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENDOSCOPE TOOL FOR THE UNDERWATER

EXAMINATION OF IRRADIATED NUCLEAR FUEL IN A REACTOR
COOLING POND
C Stubbs, D A Banks, N Penny, M T Cross
and G Dixon 1421

EXAMINATION OF EXPANDED AREAS OF CONDENSER TUBES

BY MEANS OF FOCUSED ULTRASONIC WAVES
R Legai, E Aznar and B Verger 1429

ULTRASONIC IN SERVICE INSPECTION OF STEAM TURBINE

SHAFTS
D Denby, J Bradley and P Thomson 1439

RELIABILITY OF INSPECTION AND EVALUATION OF

TURBINE SHRUNK-ON DISKS
J Ortega and J Bros 1449

INSPECTION OF ZIRCALOY CLADDING TUBES BY

EDDY CURRENTS
and J Senevat 1460
P Halgand

NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF LWR FUEL RODS

AT THE PETTEN RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT
J Bordo, A R Korko, J F W Markgraf, D Perry,
G Dassel, K W de Haan, G Snijders
and H J Wervers 1468

ADVANCED NDT SYSTEMS FOR THE MECHANIZED INSPECTION

OF WWER 440 AND 1000 REACTOR COMPONENTS
D Pastor, W Paessler and E Fischer 1478

SIROCO, A CONFIGURABLE ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM

Gonzalez Tejedor and G J Bollini Maraggi I486
B

NDT EQUIPMENT CHARACTERIZATION FROM LAB TO SITE

1494
F Pons, and J Samman,