FM

1. An orifice meter with Cd = 0.61 is substituted by venturimeter with Cd = 0.98 in a

pipeline carrying crude oil, having the same throat diameter as that of the orifice.
For the same flow rate, the ratio of the pressure drops for the venturimeter and the
orifice meter is __________.

2. A vertical venturimeter 40 cm 20 cm is provided in a vertical pipe to measure

the flow of oil of relative density 0.80. The difference in elevations of the throat
section and entrance section is 0.5 m, the direction of flow of oil being vertically
upwards. The oil mercury differential gauge shown deflection of mercury (SHg =
13.6) equal to 40 cm as shown in figure. The quantity of oil flowing in the pipe
(Neglect losses).

3. A particle moves along a curve whose parametric equations are x = t3 + 2t, y =

3e2t and z = 2 sin(5t ), where x, y and z show variations of distance covered by
the particle (in cm) with time t (in s). The magnitude of the acceleration of
particle (in cm/s2) at t = 0 is ____________ .

4. The flow of water (mass density = 1000 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity = 106
m2/s) in a commercial pipe, having equivalent roughness ks as 0.12 mm yields an
average shear stress at the pipe boundary = 600 N/m2. The value of ks / (
being the thickness of laminar sub layer) for this pipe is

5. A pipe of 0.7 m diameter has a length of 6 km and connects two reservoirs A and
B. The water level in reservoirs A is at an elevation 30 m above the water level in
reservoir B. Halfway along the pipeline, there is a branch through which water
can be supplied to a third reservoir C. The friction factor of the pipe is 0.024. The
quantity of water discharge into reservoir C is 0.15 m3/s. Considering the
acceleration due to gravity as 9.81 m/s2 and neglecting minor losses the discharge
(in m3/s) into the reservoirs B is __________.

6. An incompressible fluid is flowing through a contraction section of length L and

has a 1D (xdirection) steady state velocity distribution, . If u0 =

2
2m/s and L = 3 m, the convective acceleration (in m/s ) of the fluid at L is
___________.

7. In an orifice meter, if the pressure drop across the orifice is overestimated by 5%

then the PERCENTAGE error in the measured flow rate is ______________.
8. A turbine develops 3 MW when running at a speed of 140 rpm and under a head
of 10 m. The specific speed of the turbine in S.I. unit is ______________.

9. A pump draws oil (specific gravity 0.8) from a storage tank and discharges it to an
overhead tank. The mechanical energy delivered by the pump to the fluid is 50
J/kg. The velocities at the suction and the discharge points of the pump are 1 m/s
and 7 m/s, respectively. Neglecting friction losses and assuming kinetic energy
correction factor to be unity, the pressure developed by the pump (in kN/m2)

10. A liquid is flowing through the following piping network. The length of pipe
sections P, Q, R and S shown in the schematic are equal. The diameters of the
sections P and R are equal and the diameter of the sections Q is twice that of S.
The flow is steady and laminar. Neglecting curvature and entrance effects, the
ratio of the volumetric flow rate in the pipe section Q to that in S is ___________.

11. A liquid flowing in a pipe a head loss of 2 m in pipe length of 10 m. The Reynolds
number of the flow is 100. If the flow rate is doubled and all other properties
remains the same, the head loss is ________m.

12. A turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 rpm. The available discharge is
9 m3/s. Assuming overall efficiency of 90%. The power generated by the turbine
under the head of 20 m is _________MW.

13. A 15 kg block slides down an incline of 30 on a 0.1 mm film of SAE oil = 8.14
102 Pas. Area of contact is 0.25 m2. The terminal velocity is

14. A smooth pipe 30 cm in diameter and 100 m long has a flush entrance and
submerged discharge. The velocity is 3 m/s. If the fluid is water at 15C the total
loss of head is _________ m. Take f = 0.0122.
15. In a Pelton wheel, the bucket angle is 165 and the ratio of peripheral velocity to
jet velocity is 0.46. The hydraulic efficiency is __________%.
16. In a Pelton wheel installation the effective head is 180 m and Euler head is 168 m.
The turbine develops 3750 kW shaft power and 4475 kW power is developed by
the runner. The overall efficiency is ______%.
17. In a Pelton wheel, the diameter of the wheel is 2 m and the angle of deflection is
162. The jet diameter is 165 mm and the pressure behind the nozzle is 1000 kPa.
The hydraulic efficiency when the wheel rotates at 320 rpm is
18. An inward flow turbine with radial discharge works under a head of 8 m and the

peripheral velocity at inlet is and flow velocity is If the

hydraulic efficiency is 85%, the velocity of whirl at inlet is __________ m/s.
19. A Pelton wheel develops 3750 kW under a head by 180 m running at 375 rpm.
The velocity ratio is ____________ for the mean bucket wheel diameter of 1.45
m.
20. A fire engine pump delivers water to a nozzle at C situated at the end of a 100 mm
dia pipe. The velocity at the nozzle is 8.31 m/s and jet diameter is 75 mm.
Neglecting major and minor losses the power required to drive the pump is
_________ kW.

21. A pressure gauge is installed in front of a valve on a water pipe of diameter is 50

mm. When the valve is closed the gauge reads 6 bar. When the valve is opened,
the reading drops to 2 bar. The discharge of water in the pipeline is ________
litre/s.
22. A venturimeter is to be fitted in a 150 mm diameter pipeline horizontally at a
section where the pressure is 100 kN/m2 and the pressure at the throat is 75 kN/m3
(vacuum). The diameter of throat (in mm) is ___________. Assume that 3% of the
differential head is lost between the inlet and the throat.
23. Consider a water flow between two parallel fixed plates 50 mm apart, as shown in
figure. The velocity distribution for the flow is given by u(y) = 120(0.05y y2)m/s
 where y is in meters. The dynamic viscosity of water is 1.307 103 Ns/m2. The
magnitude of the shear stress acting on the bottom plate is ____________ N/m2.

24. Water flows through a pipe of diameter 30 cm. The velocity V for the condition
shown in the figure below is _________ m/s.

25. An open U-tube containing water, mercury of specific gravity 13.6 is poured into
one of its limbs so that length of column of mercury is about 20 mm. The level of
water column in that limb is lowered by ____________ cm.

26.