CLASS 11

1 The two graphs below show what scientists believe were the concentrations of nitrogen and carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere between 4 500 and 2 000 million years ago.

There was a time in history when carbon dioxide and nitrogen were present in equal percentages in the
atmosphere.

At what time
(A) did this occur? (B)

(A) 2 000 million years ago

(B) 3 500 million years ago
(C) 4 300 million years ago
(D) 4 500 million years ago

B S B S
2 The density of any substance is given by the equation:

(C) (D)
density = mass
1.0005
volume

1.0004 The graph shows the volume of one gram of water in the temperature
Volume (cm3)

range from 0 °C to 10 °C.

1.0003

1.0002 When a pond cools, water from the surface sinks to the bottom because
of its greater density.
1.0001
B S B
1.0000 As the temperature of the air aboveSthe water drops below 0 °C, the
0 2 4 6 8 10 surface of the water freezes. The temperature of the ice formed stays at
0 °C as more water freezes.

KEY
B = bottom
Which of the graphs below shows the temperature at different depths
S = surface
in a pond of water as the surface freezes over?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

4 4 4 4

0 0 0 0
B S B S B S B S

1 International Assessments for Indian Schools–Science

 CLASS 11

3 When a liquid in a mixture evaporates, any dissolved solids are left behind.

The soxhlet extractor works very well to extract

chlorophyll from leaves using a flammable solvent. water in condenser
There are seven steps in the process.
water out
1. The leaves are placed in a sieve.
2. The solvent evaporates and passes up
through the bypass sidearm. pure solvent
3. The solvent vapour enters the condenser.
4. The condenser liquefies the solvent which reflux sidearm
is now pure. bypass sidearm
sieve
5. The liquid drops into the sieve and
dissolves chlorophyll from the leaves.
6. When the liquid fills up to the top of the
reflux sidearm, it is all siphoned back into
the flask. flask
7. Solvent and chlorophyll collect in the flask. solvent + chlorophyll
The process repeats until the apparatus is
switched off. heat source

Which of the following statements explains why

the soxhlet extractor works so well?

(A) The solvent is constantly purified before re-use.

(B) Poisonous or flammable solvents can be used safely.
(C) The extracting solvent is always near boiling point.
(D) The extracted solute collects in the flask.

water in condenser

water out

pure solvent

reflux sidearm
bypass sidearm
sieve

flask
solvent + chlorophyll

heat source

International Assessments for Indian Schools–Science 2

 CLASS 11
Question solutions–Class 11

Q1 the answer is (C).

If the graphs are plotted on the same set of axes, they will cross at approximately 4 300 million years ago.

Q2 the answer is (B).

From the volume versus time graph, it can be seen that at 0-°C water is less dense than at 4 °C, which is the
temperature where water has its maximum density. This means that the surface of the freezing pond is at 0 °C and
the bottom is at 4 °C.

Q3 the answer is (A).

Because pure solvent is always entering the sieve, the chlorophyll remaining in the leaves will always be at the
highest possible concentration above that in the solution, so the maximum amount will be extracted.

Question difficulty level – Class 11

Sample Question Approximate percentage of students
expected to answer this question correctly
1 80%
2 64%
3 44%