BS 7072:1989

BSI
British Standards Institution. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permission in writing of BSI

British Standard Code of practice for

Inspection and repair of offshore

containers

Code de bonne pratique pour le contrle et la rparation des conteneurs en mer

Leitfaden fr die berwachung und Reparatur von Behltern fr den Verkehr

in kstennahen Bereich

British Standards Institution

Last printed at 4:07 PM on 30-10-17 1

 BS 7072:1989
This British Standard has been prepared under the
direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers
Standards Policy
Committee at the request of OFFCON, an unincorporated
group of organizations with a common interest in offshore
cargo handling equipment, to provide a code of practice,
within the context of statutory requirements. It is largely
based on provisions set out in the OFFCON Code of
Practice issued in 1986 and adopts the plating system for
containers introduced by OFFCON.
It is the principal objective of this code to give recommend-
dations for the safe and efficient operation of containers
used in trans-shipments between shore bases and
offshore installations, and between offshore installations.
It is intended that owners and users of such containers
should observe all the recommendations of the code
except in those circumstances where this would hinder
rather than assist the attainment of safe and efficient
operation.
Because of the variety of containers to which this code
may be applied, it is not possible to lay down detailed
constructional recommendations, but appendix A dealing
with design and manufacture has been included to provide
guidance on the factors to be considered by designers and
manufacturers to ensure that containers are fit for purpose.
It is recognized that the guidance cannot strictly apply to
the design and manufacture of containers already in
existence, however, owners should assess existing
equipment in the light of the guidance and either modify or
re-rate their equipment as necessary.
In particular, attention is drawn to The Offshore
Installations (Operational Safety, Health and Welfare)
Regulations, 1976 (SI 1976 No. 1019) which apply to
containers used offshore. Those parts of these
Regulations relating to testing, thorough examination,
certification and marking of lifting appliances and lifting
gear are particularly relevant.
In addition, the requirements of the Freight Containers
(Safety Convention) Regulations, 1984 (Sl 1934 No. 1890)
apply to those containers which meet the definition of
'freight container' in those Regulations. Those containers
will require approval and plating in accordance with the
Regulations, in addition to the recommendations of this
code. These containers are often referred to as ISO
containers and are either tested in accordance with BS
3951 : Part 2* or the equivalent test methods of the Freight
Container (Safety Convention) Regulations, 1984.
These tests require a vertical top-lift test but do not include
a top-lift test by slings with an included angle of 90, which
is the recommendation of this code (see 6.3). Therefore
containers which meet the test requirements of BS 3951 :
Part 2 or the Regulations are unlikely to meet the
recommendations of this code unless they are modified or
re-rated.
This code represents a standard of good practice and
takes the form of recommendations.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself
confer immunity from legal obligations.

Foreword

_______________

2 Last printed at 4:07 PM on 30-10-17

 BS 7072:1989

*The separately published Sections of BS 3051 Part 2 are identical with the equivalent parts of ISO 1496 published by the
International organization for Standardization (ISO).

Contents

Page
Foreword 2
Committees responsible Back cover

Code of practice
1 Scope 4
2 Definitions 4
3 Design and construction 4
4 Plating of containers 4
5 Marking 6
6 Examination and test 6
7 Repair procedures 9
8 Slings and shackles 9

Appendices
A Guidance on design and manufacture
of containers 10
B Required knowledge and experience of
the competent person .11

Table
1 Schedule of examination and test 6

Figures
1 Format for the plate showing examples of
typical markings 5
2 Lifting of test load during proof load test 7

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BS 7072:1989
Code of practice
1 Scope
This code gives recommendations for plating, marking,
examination, testing and repair of containers intended for
transit to and from offshore installations in the offshore oil and
gas industry. The code is also applicable to containers which
are retained offshore for a protracted period but which require
periodic movement during that time to, from or between
offshore installations.
This code is not applicable to items of plant and equipment
covered by the Diving Operations at Work Regulations 1981
(SI 1981 No. 399).
Guidance on design and manufacture of containers is given in
appendix A.
NOTE. The titles of the publications referred to in this code are listed
on the inside back cover.
2 Definitions
For the purpose of this British Standard the following
definitions apply.
2.1 container. An item of equipment lifted by slings, whose
primary purpose is the transportation of goods, materials or-
equipment, which may be permanently installed in the
container, to, from and between offshore installation.
2.2 competent person. A person having such practical and
theoretical knowledge and actual experience of the containers,
which have to be inspected or examined, as will enable him to
detect defects or weaknesses, which it is the purpose of the
inspection or examination to discover, and to assess their
importance to the safe use of the container.
NOTE. The competent person should seek such specialist advice and
assistance as will be required to enable him to make necessary
judgements and be a sound judge of the extent to which he can accept
the supporting opinions of other specialists (see also appendix B).
2.3 chequer plate. A steel plate having regularly patterned
raised portions, often used as flooring.
2.4 hook load. The total weight suspended from the crane
hook.
2.5 lifting set. Items of non-integral lifting equipment used to
connect the container to the lifting appliance.
2.6 maximum gross weight (MGW). The maximum
permissible combined weight of the container and its contents.
NOTE. The term weight has been used throughout as being the
terminology generally adopted and more commonly understood than
the term mass.
2.7 non-destructive examination (NDE). Any technique used
to detect discontinuities in a material without subjecting it to
physical stress.
2.8 offshore installation. Any installation which is, or has
been maintained, or is intended to be established, for the
carrying on of any activity to which the Oil and Gas
(Enterprise) Act, 1982, applies.
4 Last printed at 4:07 PM on 30-10-17
NOTE. These activities are:
(a) the exploitation or exploration of mineral resources in
or under the shore or bed of controlled waters;
(b) the storage of gas in or under the shore or bed of
controlled waters or the recovery of gas so stored;
(c) the conveyance of things by means of a pipe, or
system of pipes, constructed or placed on, in or under the
shore or bed of controlled waters; and
(d) the provision of accommodation for persons who work
on or from an installation which is or has been maintained,
or is intended to be established, for the carrying on of an
activity falling within paragraph (a), (b) or (c) above or this
paragraph.
2.9 owner. The legal owner of the container or his
delegated nominee.
2.10 proof load test. The deliberate application of a
predetermined overload to a container.
NOTE. In this standard a proof load test is used to test the
container in accordance with 6.3.
2.11 safe working load/payload (SWL/payload). The
maximum permissible weight of cargo which may safely
be transported by the container.
2.12 tare. The weight of the container without cargo which
includes all fixtures normally fixed to the container in
service, excluding the lifting sling and shackles.
3 Design and construction
Containers manufactured after the publication of this code
should be manufactured in accordance with the
recommendations given in appendix A.
4 Plating of containers
4.1 General
Each container should be fitted with a plate made of
corrosion resistant material securely attached externally in
a manner designed to avoid unauthorized or accidental
removal.
The plate should be fitted to a door, or, on containers with
no doors, in a prominent position.
NOTE. Aluminium rivets have been found to be unsuitable as a
fixing method in the offshore environment and should not be
used.
4.2 Information
4.2.1 The plate should be, headed 'DATA PLATE'.
4.2.2 The following headings and the related information
should be permanently and legibly marked on the plate, in
characters not less than 4 mm in height:
(a) owner's name;
(b) container identification (unit number, see 4.3);
(c) tare weight (in tonnes);

(d) SWL/payload (in tonnes);
(e) maximum gross weight (in tonnes);
(f) date of last test/examination using the following:
(1) suffix T for proof load test, non-
destructive examination and visual
examination;
(2) suffix VN for non-destructive
examination and visual examination;
(3) suffix V for visual examination only.
To avoid confusion, the plate should not carry the date of
the next test/examination.
4.2.3 Provision should be made on the plate to facilitate
etching, engraving or stamping to record a minimum of six
examinations.
4.2.4 A recommended format for the plate is shown in
figure 1.
4.3 Container identification
Each container should be provided with a unit number
issued by the owner as a unique identification which
should be noted on all certification and logistical
documentation.
DATA PLATE
Owners Name:
________________
Container identification:
Tare weight
SWL/Payload
Maximum gross weight
________________
Date of last test/examination
30/09/87 T
20/03/88 V
10/09/88 VN
Figure 1. Format for the plate showing examples of typical markings
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BS 7072:1989
4.4 Date of last test/visual examination
4.4.1 This should be the date on which the most recent
test/visual examination was carried out to the satisfaction
of a competent person.
NOTE. Specific details of the S2 tests and examinations are
contained in clause 6.
4.4.2 Examination dates should be as laid down in 6.2 and
table 1.
4.5 Supplementary information
Users of this code may add any other information relevant
to their particular application, e.g. function, manufacturing
data. However, to avoid confusion it is recommended that
such supplementary information should be kept to a
minimum.
4.6 Marking of the plate
The competent person should etch, engrave or stamp the
plate immediately after the test and/or examination is
carried out, using characters not less than 4 mm in height.
NOTE 1. The presence of a valid plate indicates to personnel
handling a container, the existence of a certificate and its status
(see 6.6).
NOTE 2. Containers with less than one month of currency of
certification should not be shipped to any offshore installation,
except by prior agreement with the shipper.
XYZ Oil Services
Limited
ABZ 139
1.2 tonnes
3.8 tonnes
5.0 tones
5
BS 7072:1989

Table 1. Schedule of examination and test

Time or interval Test/examination

Proof load Non-destructive Thorough Suffix (to be

test (2G)* Examination (NDE) visual marked on
of lifting points examination plate)
Before being used for the first time or (for existing containers) within Yes Yes Yes T
6 months of the date when this British Standard comes into effect

At intervals not exceeding 6 months At the discretion of

No Yes V or VN
the competent
person
At intervals not exceeding 12 months No Yes Yes VN
At intervals not exceeding 24 months Yes Yes Yes T

After substantial repair or alteration Yes Yes Yes T

*G is the symbol for the maximum gross weight used in the test calculation.

A substantial repair or alteration means any repair and/or alteration carried out which may, in the opinion of a competent person, affect the
load-bearing elements of the container,- or elements which contribute directly to its structural integrity.

This is dependent on whether non-destructive examination (NDE) has been carried out.

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5 Marking
5.1 Safety markings
5.1.1 The tops of closed containers and the top rails of
open and framed containers should be marked to clearly
delineate their perimeter, particularly in poor light.
NOTE. Suggested markings are as follows:
(a) a band of solid contrasting colour not less than 100 mm
wide round the roof perimeter of closed containers;
(b) contrast hatching on the top rails of open and framed
containers.
5.1.2 All container roofs, including those constructed from
chequer plate, should be coated with a permanent non-
slip medium.
5.2 Identification markings
5.2.1 All containers should be identified by the unit
number as required by 4.3.
5.2.2 The container identification should be prominently
displayed on all sides of the container (as viewed from
ground level) in characters of a contrasting colour, not less
than 75 mm high.
NOTE. For open sided containers it may be necessary to attach
panels specifically to carry the container identification
5.2.3 Where reasonably practicable, the container
identification should be displayed on the roof, in
characters not less than 300 mm high. The marking
should be carried out in such a way as to avoid incorrect
interpretation (e.g. by underlining). Where applicable the
lower edge of the marking should be positioned near the
side of the container in which the door is located.
5.2.4 Under exceptional circumstances the owner may
change the container identification. In this case a
competent person should ensure that a new certificate is
issued and a new plate fitted.
It is the responsibility of the owner to record such
changes and maintain adequate records.
________________
*The test company may in fact be the owner, the operator, or
an independent testing organization.
6.2 Schedule
5.3 Information markings
5.3.1 On each container a matt black square not less than
400 mm x 400 mm should be provided for information
markings such as destination, cargo hazard etc. This
should be located on one door (where fitted) or on the
side of a container without doors. When the owner is a
leasing or rental company the words on hire to may
appear across the top to identify the user.
5.3.2 Immediately below the matt black square the tare
weight, the SWL/payload, and the maximum gross weight
should be displayed in characters of a contrasting colour
not less than 50 mm high.
5.3.3 All cargo hazard warning labels should be removed
from the container or masked as soon as the contents can
be considered to be non-hazardous.
5.4 Additional markings
Users may add additional markings, e.g. their company
name. However, to avoid confusion it is suggested that
such markings are kept to a minimum.
6 Examination and test
6.1 General
All examinations should be carried out by, and all tests by
or under the supervision of, a competent person. Each
test company* should maintain a register of competent
persons authorized to carry out tests and examinations
and to mark the approval plate.
6.2.1 Containers should be examined at regular intervals
in accordance with the schedule listed in table 1.
6.2.2 It is the specific responsibility of the owner to report
any substantial repair or alteration to the competent
person carrying out the examination or test (see footnote
to table 1).
6.2.3 When the schedule requires a proof load test the
non-destructive examination and thorough visual
examination should both be carried out after the proof
load test.
6.3 Proof load test
6.3.1 General. The proof load test in this code involves a
top lift by slings with an included angle of 90 and is based
on established test procedures in 5.3 of BS 3951 : Section
2.1 : 1985 (which however involves a vertical top lift).
6.3.2 Procedure
6.3.2.1 Place a uniformly distributed test load over the floor of
the container in such a way that the combined weight of the
container and test load is equal to two times the maximum
gross weight and lift the container carefully by its lifting points
in such a way that no significant acceleration or deceleration
forces are applied, see figure 2.
NOTE. If the container cannot be directly loaded because of its
construction, the competent person should determine a suitable test
such as suspending weights from the frame.
6.3.2.2 Calculate the hook and test loads as follows:
H = 2G
L = 2G - T
where
H is the hook load (in t);
G is the maximum gross weight (in t);
 L is the test load (in t);
T is the tare weight (in t).
6.3.2.3 Lift the container with a lifting set suitable for test
purposes, i.e. one which has an included angle of
approximately 90 between the relevant sling legs.
NOTE. If a container is normally fitted with a lifting set this set
should not be used for the proof load test.
NOTE. The tare weight includes any item permanently attached to
the container, e.g. power unit. the power unit, pump. etc. forms part
of the tare weight. The tank frame and tank itself forms part of the
tare weight.
6.3.2.4 Maintain the proof load on the container for a
minimum of 5 min.
6.3.2.5 Examine the container against the criterion given in
6.2.4 during and after application of the proof load.
NOTE. Only a competent person should make this examination.
6.3.2.6 Upon completion of the proof load test the container
should not be damaged or deformed in any way which
would render it unsuitable for use.
6.3.3 Test equipment. Any equipment which can carry out
the above procedure may be used. The load may be
applied using calibrated weights and lifting the container by
a crane or by means of a suitable test rig.
6.3.4 Verification of test equipment
6.3.4.1 A record of annual calibration should be maintained
by the test company for all weights, gauges, load cells and
any other equipment which may affect accurate
determination of the proof load.
6.3.4.2 Test weights should be check-weighed using
equipment meeting the requirements of 6.3.4.3 annually
certified as accurate to better than 1 % of their nominal
weight.
6.3.4.3 Mechanical test equipment such as testing rigs, load
cells, crane weighers etc. should be verified and certified
annually using a tensile testing machine which meets the
requirements of BS 1610 : Part 1, Grade 2.0.
6.3.4.4 It is essential that verification ~nd calibration as
required in 6.3.4.1 to 6.3.4.3 are carried out by a body
independent of the test company.
6.4 Non-destructive examination of lifting points
6.4.1 Unless the competent person decides an alternative
method is more appropriate ferromagnetic materials should
be examined by magnetic particle inspection (MPI) (see BS
6072).
6.4.2 Unless the competent person decides an alternative
method is more appropriate non-ferromagnetic materials
should be examined by dye penetrant inspection (DPI).
6.5 Thorough visual examination
6.5.1 General. The competent person should carry out a
thorough visual examination of the exterior, in accordance
with 6.5.3 to 6.5.9 as a minimum condition and if
reasonably practicable, of the interior of the container to
ensure that the container is fit for its intended use. All load
bearing parts including the base structure, should be
examined. The examination should be carried out in a
situation providing sufficient lighting and other facilities
necessary to allow the examination to be carried out safely
and effectively. The facility should include a suitable means
of lifting and supporting the container if required by the
competent person for the purposes of inspecting the under-
side.
6.5.2 Design and manufacture. Before a container is initially
taken into service the competent person should ensure that
it has been designed and manufactured in accordance with
the guidance given in appendix A
6.5.3 Welds. All accessible load bearing welds should be
visually examined to ensure freedom from defects.
6.5.4 Structure. The structure should be visually examined
for corrosion, mechanical damage or injurious deformation.
6.5.5 Lifting points. The lifting points should be visually
examined for distortion, mechanical damage or any other
sign of distress or overload.
6.5.6 Door closures. Doors, frames, seats, hinges, locks
etc. should be visually examined and functionally checked
to ensure that they operate in a satisfactory manner without
undue force being required.
6.5.7 Floor. The floor should be visually examined to check
that it is substantially flat with no sign of distress or
overload. Drainage facilities, where fitted, should be
examined, e.g. drain holes should be clear of debris etc.
6.5.8 Markings. The paint markings and plates should be
checked to see that they meet the recommendations of this
code.
6.5.9 Lifting set. If the container is fitted with a lifting set this
should be visually examined (see also 8.3).
NOTE. BS 6210 provides guidance on the inspection of wire slings.
6.6 Certificate of test and/or examination
6.6.1 Certificate of examination. Only when, in the opinion
of the competent person, a container is suitable for further
service should a certificate of examination be issued. This
certificate should show the following minimum information:
(a) container identification;
(b) owners name, or delegated nominee;
(c) date and number of last certificate of examination or
test and examination, the names of the company which
carried out the examination/test and of the competent
person who issued it.
(d) certificate number;
(e) description of the container including:
(1) number and position of lifting points;
(2) manufacturer (if known);
(3) date of manufacture (if known);
(4) date first put into use (if known);
(5) tare weight in tonnes;
(6) safe working load (SWL)/payload in tonnes;
(7) maximum gross weight in tonnes.
(f) details of NDE carried out;
(g) name of company carrying out the examination;
(h) name of the competent person carrying out the
examination;
(i) a statement that the container described was
thoroughly examined and that the particulars are
correct;
 (j) signature of examiner and date of examination (date
of signature of report also to be shown if different from
date of examination).
6.6.2 Certificate of test and examination. Only when, in the
opinion of the competent person, a container is suitable for
further service should a 'certificate of test and examination'
be issued. This certificate should show the following
minimum information:
(a) container identification;
(b) owner's name, or delegated nominee;
(c) date and number of last certificate of examination or
test and examination, name of person who issued it
and of his employer;
(d) certificate number;
(e) description of the container including:
(1) number and position of lifting points;
(2) manufacturer (if known);
(3) date of manufacture (if known);
(4) date first put into use (if known);
(5) tare weight in tonnes;
(6) safe working load (SWL)/payload in tonnes;
(7) maximum gross weight in tonnes.
(f) proof load applied in tonnes;
(g) details of NDE carried out;
(h) name of company carrying out the examination;
(i) name of the competent person carrying out the
examination;
(j) a statement that the container described was
thoroughly examined and that the particulars are
correct;
(k) signature of examiner and date of examination
(date of signature of report also to be shown if different
from date of examination).
6.6.3 Report. Any defect or deviation from the
recommendations of this code should be recorded. A report
should be issued to the owner signed by the competent
person recording all examinations carried out and the
results of these examinations and the reason for rejection.
6.6.4 Retention of certificates. The owner must retain
certificates for each container in accordance with SI 1976
No. 1019.
6.7 Marking of the plate
Only when the test and/or examination(s) have been
successfully completed should the plate be marked as
detailed in clause 4.
6.8 Inspection before use
Before loading, containers should be checked to ensure
that each container is in serviceable condition and that door
equipment, etc. is in good order .
7 Repair procedures
7.1 General
Repairs to the load bearing structure of a container should
be carried out in accordance with the guidance on design
and manufacture of containers set out in this code (see
appendix A).
7.2 Specific recommendations
7.2.1 It is the responsibility of the owner to maintain records
of all substantial repairs and alterations.
7.2.2 All containers subject to substantial repair or alteration
(see footnote f to table 1 ) should be retested as shown in
table 1.
8 Slings and shackles
8.1 General
All lifting sets used in the handling of containers should be
manufactured in accordance with BS 1290. Sling
assemblies should be selected on the basis of complying
with BS 1290 at a rating 1.3 times the specified MGW of the
container to which it is to be fitted.
NOTE. All references to safe working load (SWL) in BS 1290
should be considered as being references to working load limit
(WLL) as defined In BS 6166 : Part 1.
8.2 Specific recommendations
8.2.1 Wire rope. Sling legs should be constructed from wire
rope of at least 13 min diameter.
8.2.2 Sling legs. Sling legs should only be of single part
construction, i.e. form All or A2 only of appendix A of BS
1290 : 1983.
8.2.3 Terminations. Single-part ferrule-secured terminations
fitted with heart shaped thimbles, complying with BS 5281
and BS 464 respectively, should be used.
8.2.4 Terminal fittings. Shackles complying with BS 3032,
BS 3551 or RR-C 271C* should be attached to the lower
end of the sling. The shackle pins should be secured to
prevent accidental detachment. Hooks should not be used.
8.2.5 Master link If fitted, the master link should be
designed in accordance with the advice on design given in
appendix D of BS 1290 : 1983. Minimum dimensions
should be 270 mm x 140 mm.
8.3 Certification
All slings and shackles should be certified in accordance
with BS 1290, BS 3032, BS 3551 or BS 6994 as
appropriate. It is the responsibility of the owner to retain
certificates of test and examination. The unique
identification of the sling, and of each shackle should be
noted on the certificate.
The owner has to maintain certificates for each set of slings
and shackles in accordance with SI 1976 No. 1019 i.e. six
monthly examination and certification.
8.4 Marking
Each lifting set should be marked on a prominent location
with the following information:
(a) a unique identification. Batch numbering should not
be used;
(b) safe working load at the maximum permitted
included angle of lift;
(c) date of last examination and permanent mark by
the competent person.
Each shackle should carry a unique identification. Batch
numbering should not be used.
_______________
IRR-C 271C US Federal Specification 'Chains and attachments, welded and weldless' obtainable from the Sales Department,
BSI, Linford Wood. Milton Keynes MK14 GLE.
Appendices
Appendix A. Guidance on design and
manufacture of containers
A.1 General
It is not practicable to describe an ideal design but only to
detail common features which have been found to serve the
needs of the industry. It is the responsibility of the
manufacturer and purchaser of such units to determine the
design which best serves their particular requirements.
A.2 Design
The designer should adhere to the latest relevant British
Standards and should ensure that all load bearing
components have sufficient strength and rigidity and are of
a quality suitable for their purpose. Welding and NDE
requirements should be fully specified.
To make allowance for the special conditions of the offshore
operation e.g. impacts, wave motion etc. the following
factors of safety should be adopted, as a minimum, when
designing containers:
(a) lifting sets. The factor of safety should be 6.5:1
expressed as a ratio of the minimum breaking load of
the wire rope to the safe working load of the sling leg.
This requirement would normally be met by a sling
assembly designed for 1.3 times the specified
maximum gross weight of the container, in accordance
with BS 1290;
(b) lifting points. Each lifting point should be designed
to bear the maximum gross weight of the container;
(c) structure. The working stress should be based on
2.5 times the maximum gross weight of the container.
A.3 Materials
A.3.1 The designer should ensure that all material specified
is suitable for the intended purpose.
It is recommended that the appropriate grade of material
given in BS 4360 should be specified for load bearing'
components.
A.3.2 Aluminium materials that may result in a high energy
spark when struck should not be used.
A.3.3 Cast iron, glass fibre, wood and similar materials
should not be used for any load bearing component.
A.4 Construction
A.4.1 Containers may be fabricated either as a monocoque
construction, i.e. where the component parts are load
bearing members or as a structural frame with non-load
bearing cladding where necessary.
A.4.2 The manufacturer should ensure that the container is
fabricated to recognized welding standards and procedures
and these should be made available to the purchaser if
requested.
A.4.3 All equipment should be of good construction,
manufactured from sound material using recognized
standards.
NOTE. These may be British, international or other national
standards.
AAA The manufacturer should ensure the quality of his
products by an effective documented quality assurance
system.
Purchasers may wish to consider the desirability of
assessment and registration of the manufacturer's quality
assurance system against the appropriate Part of BS 5750
by a third Party certification scheme.
A.5 Door closures and removable panels.
A.5.1 Door closures and removable panels should be
designed to facilitate positive closing and a minimum of one
locking bar per door should be fitted.
A.5.2 Locking arrangements should be protected to prevent
dislodging by impact.
A.6 Lifting points
A.6.1 Four lifting points are normally recommended. For
smaller containers, however, two or three lifting points may
be acceptable.
A.6.2 The lifting points may be of any design suitable for
the purpose. It is essential that they are fitted in a manner
such that they are aligned in the direction of principal load,
(e.g. 'pad-eyes' should be angled towards the centre of lift)
such that the angle at which the load is applied is 45 from
the vertical.
A.6.3 Lifting points should be accurately positioned and
with a four point lift the difference between the diagonal
measurements between lifting point centres should not
exceed 5 mm.
A.6.4 Bolted fittings should be self-locking or be provided
with a means to prevent loosening.
A.6.5 Lifting points should be of sufficient strength and
located to minimize mechanical damage.
A.6.6 Lifting points should be capable of accepting a
shackle or connector without inhibiting movement or
causing friction against the external surfaces of the
suspension sling termination.
A.6.7 Lifting points should be positioned on the container to
preclude, as far as practicable, the risk of slings fouling
against the container or its cargo during normal use.
A.6.8 Where eyebolts are fitted the manufacturer should
provide a certificate as detailed in BS 4 278.
A.7 Floor
A.7.1 The floor should be designed and constructed to
support the SWL/payload taking account of the working
stress applicable to the structure as giver. in A.2.
A.7.2 Containers liable to fill with water should have a
suitable drainage facility.
A.7.3 The underside of the container should be constructed
to minimize point load bearing locations on the
platform/vessel deck.
A.8 Tie-down points
It is recommended that internal cargo tie-down cleats or
rings be provided. It is essential that these are securely
anchored and their rating should be assessed in relation to
the loads which may be imposed on them and stated by the
manufacturer.
A.9 Tugger points
A.9.1 The fitting of tugger points is at the discretion of the
purchaser. The quantity required, location and line of pull
should be agreed prior to design.
A.9.2 Where fitted, tugger points should be skid-tested over
an even concrete surface on a sample basis of 1 in 10,
under proof loaded conditions, i.e. under a test load of
(2 G) T
where
G is the maximum gross weight (in t);
T is the tare weight (in t).
Appendix B. Required knowledge and
experience of the competent person
B.1 General
The 'competent person' referred to in this code is defined in
2.2. However it is considered of value to summarize the
type of knowledge and experience in relation to containers,
slings and shackles, required by such a 'competent person'.
B.2 Containers
With respect to containers the competent person should
have, as a minimum, a knowledge of:
(a) the legal requirements relating to containers;
(b) the provisions of this BS code for offshore
containers, including guidance on design and
manufacture;
(c) the various types of container in service;
(d) the correct methods of Slinging and handling
containers;
(e) the loads, stresses and strains affecting containers
when handled under adverse offshore conditions,
particularly those affecting lifting points;
(f) methods of testing containers;
(g) defects likely to be found in containers and
permissible levels of wear, distortion and deterioration
in relation to safety in use;
(h) the various methods of NDE and a good
understanding of how they work and their limitations;
(i) the thorough visual examination as recommended
by this code and the signs of weakness and defects to
look for;
The competent person should be experienced in the
visual examination and testing of containers and in the
application of the preferred methods of NDE.
B.3 Slings and shackles
With respect to slings and shackles the competent person
should have as a minimum, a knowledge of the following:
(a) In general:
(1) the legal requirements relating to lifting gear;
(2) the provisions of this BS Code for offshore
containers, particularly with reference to slings and
shackles;
(3) certification of slings and terminations;
(4) markings of slings and terminations;
(5) methods of rating multi-leg slings;
(6) correct use of slings and shackles;
(7) the effects of angle of leg to the vertical and tilt.
(b) For wire rope:
(1) measurement of size;
(2) identification and properties of the various
types of lay;
(3) methods of forming terminations and related
standards including BS 464 and BS 5281;
(4) testing of wire ropes and wire ropes with
terminations;
(5) defects likely to be found in new slings and
slings in service together with permissible levels of
wear, stretch and deterioration in relation to safety
in use.
(c) For upper terminals (links):
(1 ) design requirements of BS 1290;
(2) zones of maximum stress and stress raisers;
(3) testing of upper terminals;
(4) defects likely to be found in upper terminals
and permissible levels of wear, stretch and
distortion in relation to safety in use.
(d) For lower terminals (shackles):
(1) relevant standards i.e. BS 3032, BS 3551 and
RR-C 271C;
(2) other types of lower terminations;
(3) zones of maximum stress and stress raisers;
(4) testing of lower terminals;
(5) defects likely to be found in lower terminals
and permissible levels of wear and stretch and
distortion in relation to safety in use.
Publications referred to
BS 464 Specification for thimbles for wire ropes
BS 1290 Specification for wire rope slings and sting legs for general lifting purposes
BS 1610 Materials testing machines and force verification equipment
Part 1 Specification for the grading of the forces applied by materials testing machines
BS 3032 Specification for higher tensile steel shackles
BS3551 Specification for alloy steel shackles
BS 3951 Freight containers
Part 2 Specification and testing of series 1 freight containers
Section 2.1 General cargo containers for general purposes
Section 2.2 Thermal containers
Section 2.3 Tank containers for liquids and gases
Section 2.Ei Platform (container)
Section 2.8 Platform based containers, open-sided, with complete superstructure
BS 4278 Specification for eyebolts for lifting purposes
BS 4360 Specification for weldable structural steels
BS 5281 Specification for ferrule-secured eye terminations for wire ropes
BS 5750 Quality systems
BS 6072 Method for magnetic particle flaw detection
BS 6166 Lifting slings
Part 1 Methods of rating
BS 6210 Code of practice for the safe use of wire rope slings for general lifting purposes
BS 6994 Steel shackles for lifting and general engineering purposes: grade M(4)
RR-C271C US Federal Specification - 'Chains and attachments, welded and weldless'
The Offshore Installations (Operational Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1976 (SI 1976 No. 1019)
Freight Containers (Safety Convention) Regulations, 1984 (SI 1984 No. 1890)
Diving Operations at Work Regulations 1981 (SI 1981 No. 399)
Oil and Gas (Enterprise) Act, 1982
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction
of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy
Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of
BSI and comes into effect on 29 September 1989.
British Standards Institution, 1989
ISBN 0 580 16999 5
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:
Committee reference PKM/556 Draft for comment 87/43908 DC
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