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Curling Stresses
Major Distress Conditions
Cracking
Bottom-up transverse cracks
Top-down transverse cracks
Longitudinal cracks
Corner breaks
Punchouts (CRCP)
2
Major Distress Conditions
Punchouts
Cracks
Corner Break
3
Major Distress Conditions
Cracking
Bottom-up transverse cracks
Top-down transverse cracks
Longitudinal cracks
Corner breaks
Punchouts (CRCP)
Joint Faulting
Pumping
4
Major Distress Conditions
Faulting
Pumping
5
Sources of Stress
Wheel Loads
Curing Shrinkage
Thermal Contraction/Expansion
Thermal Curling
Moisture Warping
6
Design Considerations
Slab Thickness
Base Type and Thickness
Drainage
Joint Spacing
Temperature Steel
Dowel Bars
Tie Bars
7
Beam Bending
qo
ko
R R
8
Beam Bending
dM
V
dx 2
d M
2
qo
dV dx
qo
dx
2
1 d w
2
R dx d w 2
M EI 2
M dx
EI
Moment-Curvature Relationships
10
Beam Bending
d 2
d w
2
2
EI 2 qo
dx dx
4
d w
EI 4 qo
dx
qo
ko
R R
12
Beams on Elastic Foundations
qo
ko
13
Beams on Elastic Foundations
dM
V
dx 2
d M
2
ko w qo
dV dx
ko w qo
dx
2
1 d w
2
R dx d w 2
M EI 2
M dx
EI
Moment-Curvature Relationships
15
Beams on Elastic Foundations
d 2
d w
2
2
EI 2 ko w qo
dx dx
d 4w
EI 4 ko w qo
dx
k
4 o (flexibility)
4 EI
Solution of the Homogeneous Differential Equation
17
Slabs on Elastic Foundations
2
d w
M EI 2 Beams
dx
2w 2w
Mx D 2 2 Slabs
x y
Moment-Curvature Relationships
18
Slabs on Elastic Foundations
3
Eh
D
12 1 2
Slab Stiffness
19
Slabs on Elastic Foundations
d 4w
EI 4 ko w qo Beams
dx
4w w
4
w
4
D 4 2 2 2 4
kw q Slabs
x x y y Modulus of
Subgrade Reaction
k
4 o Beam Flexibility
4 EI
Radius of
Relative
Stiffness
D Eh3
4 4
Slab Stiffness
k 12 1 k
2
WARM
DOWNWARD CURLING
WARM
COOL
23
Moisture Warping
DRY
UPWARD WARPING
WET
DOWNWARD WARPING
WET
DRY
24
Reference Axes
25
Infinite Slab Curling
x y
x
E E
y x
y
E E
y
27
Infinite Slab Curling
y
x
y 0
E E
y x 0
y x
x x x
x
E
E
E
1 2
E x
x
1 2
31
Infinite Slab Curling
x y
x 0
E E
x y 0
x y
y y y
y
E
E
E
1 2
E y
y
1 2
Coefficient of
Thermal Expansion
t
x y
2
Aggregate Coefficient
Type (10-6 in/in/oF)
Quartz 6.6
Sandstone 6.5
Gravel 6.0
Granite 5.3
Basalt 4.8
Limestone 3.8
Average 5.5
36
Infinite Slab Curling
E x Et
x
1 2
2 1 2
Et
y x
2 1 2
E y Et
y
1 2
2 1 2
Et
x y
2 1 2
Et Et
x, y
2 1 2
2 1 2
Et Et
x , y C1 C2
2 1 2
2 1 2
41
Finite Slab Curling
y x 0 0
Et
x, y C1
2
1.5F/in
9" 3.4F/in
1.5F/in
43
Example
Calculate the curling stresses in a concrete slab
25128 thick subject to a daytime temperature
difference of 24F (i.e., a temperature gradient of
3F/in). Assume the slab is resting on a foundation
with a 200-psi/in modulus of subgrade reaction.
44
Standard Assumptions
Assume = 0.15 (use for all PCC)
Assume = 5.5106 in/in/F (typical)
Assume fc = 5000 psi (typical)
Estimate psi
Estimate psi
Estimate psi
Not needed for this problem
45