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(iii) Explain which letter represents the atom with the lowest mass number.
(2)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) What is the electronic configuration of species E?

(1)

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(b) The table shows the percentage composition of a sample of magnesium.

Isotope 24
Mg 25
Mg 26
Mg
Percentage (%) 78.6 10.1 11.3
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Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium.

Give your answer to one decimal place.
(3)
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relative atomic mass = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 12 marks)

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(c) Silver (Ag) can be obtained from silver oxide by heating.

In an experiment, 32.4 g of silver is obtained by completely decomposing 34.8 g

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of silver oxide.
(i) Calculate the mass of oxygen formed in this decomposition.
(1)

mass of oxygen = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

(ii) Determine the empirical formula of silver oxide by calculating the amounts, in moles,
of silver atoms (Ag) and oxygen atoms (O) obtained in this experiment.
(3)

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empirical formula of silver oxide = .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 17 marks)

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7 This question is about the formation and reactions of some oxides.

(a) The diagram shows the apparatus that can be used to make hydrogen, which

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then reduces copper(II) oxide to copper.
The unreacted hydrogen is burned.
ice
copper(II) oxide
dilute
sulfuric acid hydrogen burning

heat anhydrous
magnesium copper(II) sulfate

(i) Explain one safety precaution that should be taken after adding the dilute

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sulfuric acid and before lighting the unreacted hydrogen gas.
(2)

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(ii) State two observations that could be made when the dilute sulfuric acid
reacts with the magnesium.
(2)

1 . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2 . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) State one observation that could be made when the hydrogen is passed over
the heated copper(II) oxide.
(1)

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(iv) State the final colour of the copper(II) sulfate.

(1)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(v) Complete the word equations for the reactions that occur.
(3)

magnesium + sulfuric acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. + ..................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

copper(II) oxide + hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. + ..................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

anhydrous copper(II) sulfate + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................ ................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) A sample of sulfur is burned in a gas jar of oxygen.

A piece of damp litmus paper is placed in the gas jar. The litmus paper changes colour.
Explain what this colour change shows about the acid-base character of the oxide
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of sulfur formed.
(2)

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) The formulae of two oxides are MgO and SO2

Suggest the formula of the salt formed when these two oxides neutralise each other.
(1)

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(Total for Question 7 = 12 marks)

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8 Dilute sulfuric acid can be used to make soluble and insoluble salts.
(a) A student plans an experiment to obtain a pure, dry sample of the soluble salt,

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sodium sulfate, from dilute sulfuric acid.
(i) The student does a titration to find the volume of sulfuric acid needed for
complete reaction with the other reactant.
Describe the steps she should take in her titration.
Refer to these pieces of apparatus in your answer.
pipette
burette
conical flask
(5)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) The diagram shows the burette readings in one titration.

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2 22

3 23

4 24

before after

Use these readings to complete the table, giving all values to the nearest 0.05 cm3.
(3)

burette reading in cm3 after adding solution

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burette reading in cm3 before adding solution

volume of solution added in cm3

(b) The student plans a different experiment to obtain a pure, dry sample of the
insoluble salt, barium sulfate, from dilute sulfuric acid.
Describe the steps she should take in her experiment.
(5)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 13 marks)

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9 A student prepares a sample of copper(II) sulfate crystals using this reaction.

CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

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He obtains the crystals from the solution formed.
(a) He records this information about the reactants he uses.
mass of copper(II) oxide = 6.3 g
volume of sulfuric acid = 52 cm3
concentration of sulfuric acid = 1.1 mol/dm3
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of copper(II) oxide used.
(2)

amount of copper(II) oxide = ................................ . . . . . . . . . mol

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(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sulfuric acid used.
(2)

amount of sulfuric acid = ................................ . . . . . . . . . mol

(iii) Why is it important for the amount of copper(II) oxide to be greater than the
amount of sulfuric acid?
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Draw a diagram of the apparatus that the student should use to remove the
excess copper(II) oxide from the reaction mixture.
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(1)

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(b) In a similar preparation the student uses 0.12 mol of copper(II) oxide to obtain
crystals of copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4.5H2O
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Calculate the maximum mass of CuSO4.5H2O that he could obtain using this preparation.
(2)

maximum mass = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

(Total for Question 9 = 8 marks)

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(iii) Explain why all the compounds in this cracking reaction are classified as hydrocarbons.
(2)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(iv) Explain which two compounds in this cracking reaction are described as saturated.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Some crude oil contains an impurity known as DMDS.

DMDS contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen and sulfur in a 1:3:1 ratio.
The relative molecular mass of DMDS is 94.
Determine the molecular formula of DMDS.
(2)
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molecular formula = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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