2.3 INERTIA and 2.

4MOMENTUM
Question 9
Diagram 9.1 shows a trolley P moving with a constant velocity, u, collide with
a stationary trolley Q of mass 2 kg. After collision, the two trolleys stuck
together and move with a final velocity,v. the motion of the two trolleys is
recorded by a ticker tape attached to the trolley P and passing through a ticker
tape timer having a frequency of 50 Hz.

Diagram 9.1

Diagram 9.2 shows the dots on the ticker tape produced by the two trolleys
before and after the collision.

Diagram 9.2
(a) Name the type of collision in this situation.
(b)What is the velocity of trolley P before collision?
(c) What is the total momentum before collision?
(d)What is the final velocity of the combined trolleys P and Q?
(e) Determine the mass of trolley Q.

Question 10:
Diagram 10 shows a cannon of mass,M,1200 kg fires a cannonball of mass,m,
4kg. The speed of the cannonball as it leaves the cannon is 60 ms-1.

Diagram 10
(a) What is meant by mass?
(b) Base on Diagram 10
(i) What is the relation between the backward momentum and the forward
momentum
(ii) Write the equation to show the relationship in (b)(i) ?
(iii) Name the physics principle involved in the explosion.
(c) Calculate the initial velocity of the recoil cannon when the cannonball is
fired.

Question11
Diagram 11 shows a man standing on a stationary boat. He then jumps out of
the boat onto the jetty. The boat moves away from the jetty as he jumps.

Diagram 11

(a) State the physics principle that is involved in the movement of the boat as
the man jumps onto the jetty.
(b) Explain why the boat moves away from the jetty when the man jumps.
(c) The mass of the man is 50 kg and he jumps at a velocity of 2 ms -1. The mass
of the boat is 20 kg. Calculate the velocity of the boat as the man jumps.
(d) Name one application of t principle stated in (a) in an exploration of outer
space.

Question 12:
Diagram 12 shows a softball moving with high momentum.

Diagram 12
(a) What is meant by momentum?
 (b) Calculate the momentum of the softball if the mass of the ball is 80 g and
its velocity is 100 ms-1.
(c) If the mass of the ball is increased but its momentum remains unchanged,
how does its velocity change?
(d) Using the concept of force, explain why the player needs to wear a glove to
catch a fast moving softball.

Question 13:
Diagram 13.1 shows a lorry of mass 1200 kg moving at the speed of 30 m/s
collides with a car of mass 1000 kg which is travelling in the opposite
direction at 20 m/s. After the collision, the two vehicles move together.

Diagram 13.1
(a) State the type of collision involved in this accident.

(b) Calculate the velocity, v of both vehicles immediately after collision.

(c) The driver of the car is thrown forward during the collision.
State the physics concept involved.
(d) The speed limit and the load limit of a truck is shown in Diagram 13.2.

Diagram 13.2.
(e) Explain why the speed limit and the load limit must be imposed on the
truck.

2.5 FORCES 2.6 IMPULSIVE FORCE & IMPULSE

Question 14:
Diagram 14.1 and Diagram 14.2 show two eggs released from the same height
and drop on to Surface A and Surface B respectively.
 Diagram 14.1 Diagram 14.2
(a) What is meant by impulse?
(b) With reference to Diagram 14.1 and Diagram 14.2;
(i) Compare the force on the eggs that strike Surface A and Surface B.
(ii) Compare the time of impact of the eggs on Surface A and Surface B.
(iii) Compare the change in momentum of the eggs in both situations.
(iv) State the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the
time of impact.
(v) Suggest a suitable material for Surface A.
(c) Diagram 14.3 shows a pile hammer used in driving a pile into the ground
at a construction site.

Explain how a large force is produced by the pile hammer in driving the pile
into the ground.