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Jet Ejectors
The term jet ejector describes a device in flow and suction flow pass together - as a mix-
which a pumping effect is achieved using a ture - through the diffuser, loosing velocity and
motive fluid. A jet ejector requires no mechani- gaining pressure. The increase from suction
cal drive and has no moving parts. This basic pressure ps to discharge pressure pd corres-
principle applies to every jet ejector in different ponds to the delivery head for the suction flow
models and ranges of application. The applica- or to the pressure difference of the jet ejector.
tion determines the design of the flow section. The ratio pd / ps is the compression ratio of a jet
ejector.
A steam jet ejector is illustrated below as ex-
ample (steam serves as motive fluid to create ln a jet ejector the static pressure energy of the
vacuum). The function depends, above all, on motive flow which cannot be directly transferred
the design of the motive nozzle (2) and of the is thus converted into kinetic energy. This kine-
diffuser (4 + 5). The motive fluid passes succes- tic energy can be released to the suction flow
sively through these two components. by impulse transfer while both flows mingle.
The diffuser converts the kinetic energy of the
The flow section will change along this path. mixture consisting of motive flow and suction
The pressure in the motive nozzle (2) decreases flow back into static pressure energy.
and the velocity rises. Conversely, the flow is
decelerated in the diffuser (4 + 5) while its pres- ln the steam jet vacuum ejector illustrated
sure increases to the discharge pressure at the below, the critical pressure ratio is exceeded
outlet of the jet ejector. in the motive nozzle (2) (this can be recognized
by the expansion of the nozzle cross-section
The section between motive nozzle (2) and downstream the minimum throat diameter.)
diffuser (4 + 5) has the lowest static pressure, The steam velocity exceeds the sonic velocity
approximately equivalent to the suction pres- accordingly. Motive flow and suction flow are
sure ps. At this point the suction flow enters mixed at supersonic velocity and then decele-
into the ejector head (3) through the suction rated to the sonic velocity upon reaching the
connection B and is mixed with the motive fluid diffuser throat. ln the diverging section of the
flowing with high velocity. Part of the kinetic diffuser, the pressure finally increases to the
energy is transferred to the suction flow. Motive discharge pressure pd.
(1)
steam chest
with strainer C
inlet diffuser
(4)
motive medium
contributing gas jet steam jet liquid jet
to designation
ejector ejector ejector
suction medium
contributing
to designation
steam jet
jet gas jet compressor liquid jet
compressor compressor (steam jet compressor
vapour compressor)