1

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS
INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION

Igiligi, Anthony Chigozie. 400L, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria,

Nsukka.
 Presentation Outline 2

EIA: Definition and History

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND MANAGEMENT

OF THE EIAs IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

FEATURE PROSPECTS OF EIA AND TECHNOLOGICAL

INTEGRATION

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 OBJECTIVES 3

To highlight the environmental hazards created by

non-implementation of EIAs

To outline the principal regulatory framework and

the necessary steeps to ensure adequate
implementation.

To prescribe a more advanced EIA process and its

blend with technology.

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 INTRODUCTION 4

What is EIA?
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), can be
defined as a process by which the effect of the
environment is analysed and taken into account
while planning or development of an exploration
activity.
History of EIA:
EIA was first developed in the USA in the 1960s
and adopted by Nigeria in the 1990s.

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 5

Some historical spillages in Nigeria include:

Event Date Amount of
spill (barrels)
Funiwa numbers 5 oil blow 1st January, 1980 400,000
out
Oyakama oil spillage 10th May 1980 About 30,000

Oshika oil spill 1979 500-1000

Forcados terminal oil 6th July, 1979 570,000

spillage
NNPC oil spills 2nd November, NNPC reported
1982 37 spillages of
and between 1982 automotive gas oil.
and 1984
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2011)
EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 Spillage Chart 6

Source: Trend Annual Quantity of Oil Spill.

Source: Trend Annual Number of Oil Spill Incidence.

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 Gas Flaring 7

This is the emission of hydrocarbon gases such as methane, CO,

sulphur dioxide and other green house gases, into the atmosphere.
Extent of gas flaring in SSA countries (19952010) (unit = 1 billion cubic meters)

1995 2000 2005 2010

Angola 4.51 5.94 4.72 4.08
Cameroon 1.15 1.19 0.97 0.92
Chad 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.05
Congo 1.08 2.02 1.79 1.88
Cte dIvoire 0.06 0.09 0.04 0.09
DRC 0.53 0.09 0.44 0.39
Eq. Guinea 0.61 1.21 1.36 0.39
Ghana 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02
Gabon 2.15 2.54 2.36 1.68
11%-
Nigeria 27.09 27.19 21.25 15.18
12%
South Africa 0.06 0.13 0.14 0.10
equivalent to
Global 154.97 164.90 171.65 133.90 25% of Frances
total gas
requirement
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
EIA:
Administration (2011)
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 Gas Flaring Picture 8

Gas flaring in
the
Niger Delta

Source: http://global -4-lvs-turning.opera-mini.net

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
EIAs IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY 9

LAWS
Environmental Impact Assessment Decree 86, 1992
National Policy on the Environment (1988): Harmful wastes (Special
Criminal Provisions, etc.) Act.
Regulations of 15 August 1991: National Environmental Protection
(Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Producing Waste and
Management of solid Hazardous Waste) Regulations.
Act No. 59 of 2 August 1992: Federal Environmental Protection Agency
(Amendment) Act.
EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 EIA Process 10

Source: UNEP EIA Training Resource Manual EIA:

SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 Regulatory Principles
11

EIA criteria and parameters are renewed every 5 years as

prescribed by the regulatory agency.

Concrete EIA plan must be developed for licensing of

every project.

EIA comes first before planning for field exploration for

every project.

A monitoring panel must be set up to ensure adequate

implementation on field.

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 General procedural framework 12

Monitoring Objectives
Verify effectiveness of planning decisions
Measure effectiveness of operational procedures
Confirm statutory and corporate compliance
Identify unexpected changes

Preliminary Impact Baseline

Activities identification study

Impact evaluation

Assessment (cost Decision

Post audits
benefit analysis) making

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 FEATURE PROSPECTS OF EIA AND TECHNOLOGICAL
INTEGRATION 13

EIA can be implemented up to the point of motivating the

creation of technologies that suite the environment in exploration and
production.
For instance:
.
Helicopter drones are being used or employed by NETL to gather
data for more accurately
estimating the air quality
impacts of oil and gas
production.

Source: National Energy Technology Lab., 2011

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 Feature Prospects Cntd. 14

.In situ underwater hydrocarbon

sensors for offshore monitoring.

Source: SRI,2012

Advanced vehicles for underwater monitoring.

Source: SRI,2012
EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION
 Recommendations and Conclusion15

When we fail to implement standard EIA procedures; when the

industry fails to adopt EIAs and integrate them in their production
process, then the environment will never be friendly.

Secondly, let us not view EIA as a separate sector but see it as a

component of every sector that must be considered and analyzed for
the holistic success of every production and construction activity.

The regulatory agencies should develop a standard procedure for

appraisal of EIA reports for licensing.

The industries should collaborate with the government in

developing alleviation programmes for the host communities.

EIA:
SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION