DANAMATH

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I S
11
HM S LNG GIC

GV:Phan Nht Nam

 HM S LNG GIC

KIN THC CHUN B

ng trn lng gic : Trc Sin Trc Tan 3

1 1
3 1 3 1 3
1 3
2
2 3 Trc Cot
3 3
3 2 1
4 2 4 3
2
5 1
6 2 6
1 2 3
1
2 2
1 Trc Cos
2
2 1

3

0 0
2 2 2
1

7 2 1
2 11
6
6
3
5 2
4 3 7
4
4
2 5 1
3 3 1
2
3

1. Cng thc cung lin kt : 3

1. Hai cung i nhau (a , -a)

sin( a) = sin a 3. hai cung ph nhau (a , a)
2
cos( a) = cos a

tan( a ) = tan a sin( a) = cos a
2
cot( a ) = cot a
cos( a) = sin a
2
2. Hai cung b nhau (a , a )
tan( a) = cot a
2
sin( a ) = sin a
cos( a ) = cos a cot( a) = tan a
2
tan( a ) = tan a
cot( a ) = cot a

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 HM S LNG GIC

4. Hai cung hn km nhau (a , + a ) 5. Hai cung hn km nhau (a , + a )
2 2
sin( + a ) = sin a
cos( + a ) = cos a
sin( + a) = cos a
2
tan( + a ) = tan a

cot( + a ) = cot a cos( + a) = sin a
2
3. Cng thc lng gic c bn :

1. Cng thc cng cung : tan( + a) = cot a
2
sin( a b) = sin a cos b cos a sin b
cot( + a) = tan a
cos(a b) = cos a cos b sin a sin b 2
tan a tan b
tan(a b) =
1 tan a tan b

2. Cng thc nhn i :

Sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a = (sin a + cos a ) 2 1 = 1 (sin x cos x) 2
Cos 2a = cos 2 a sin 2 a = 2 cos 2 a 1 = 1 2 sin 2 a
2 tan a cot 2 a 1
tan 2a = cot 2a =
1 tan 2 a 2 cot a
3. Cng thc nhn ba : 4. Cng thc h bc hai :
Sin3a = 3 sin a 4 sin 3 a 1 cos 2a 1 + cos 2a
Sin 2 a = Cos 2 a =
Cos 3a = 4 cos 3 a 3 cos a 2 2
1 cos 2a
3 tan a tan 3 a Tan 2 a =
Tan3a = 1 + cos 2a
1 3 tan 2 a
4. Cng thc h bc ba : 6. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng

3 sin a sin 3a cos a. cos b =

1
[cos(a + b) + cos(a b)]
Sin 3 a =
4 2
3 cos a + cos 3a sin a. sin b = [cos(a + b) cos(a b)]
1
Cos 3 a = 2
4
sin a. cos b = [sin(a + b) + sin(a b)]
1
7. ng thc bin i tng thnh tch : 2
a+b a b a+b a b
cos a + cos b = 2 cos . cos cos a cos b = 2 sin . sin
2 2 2 2
a+b a b a+b a b
sin a + sin b = 2 sin . cos sin a sin b = 2 cos . sin
2 2 2 2
sin(a b) sin(b a )
tan a tan b = cot a cot b =
cos a. cos b sin a. sin b

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 HM S LNG GIC

HM S LNG GIC

A. Tm tc l thuyt :

I. Hm s y = sinx :

Min xc nh : D = R.
y = sin x l hm s l trn R {v D l min i xng v sin(-x) = - sinx}
y = sin x tun hon vi chu k 2 . {v sin(x + k 2 ) = sinx vi k Z }
Da vo ng trn lng gic ta c chiu bin thin ca hm s y = sinx trn
khong (0 , )
x 0
2
1
y

0
th ca : y = sin x 0 y

1
x
2 3 3 2
0
2 2 2 2
II. Hm s y = cos x : -1

Min xc nh : D = R.
y = cos x l hm s chn trn R {v D l min i xng v cos(-x) = cosx}
y = cos x tun hon vi chu k 2 . {v cos(x + k 2 ) = cosx vi k Z }
Da vo ng trn lng gic ta c chiu bin thin ca hm s y = cosx trn
khong (0 , )
x 0
1
y

-1 -1

th ca : y = cos x
y
1

x
2 3 0

2 2 2
-1

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 HM S LNG GIC

III. Hm s y = tanx :

Min xc nh : D = R\ + k , k Z .
2
y = tan x l hm s l trn R {v D l min i xng v tan(-x) = tanx}
y = tan x tun hon vi chu k . {v tan(x + k ) =tanx vi k Z }
Da vo ng trn lng gic ta c chiu bin thin ca hm s y = cot x trn

khong (- , )
2 2 x 2
0
2
+
y
0

th ca: y = cot x

3 3

2 2 2 2
0 x

III. Hm s y = cotx :

Min xc nh : D = R\ {k , k Z } .
y = cot x l hm s l trn R {v D l min i xng v cot(-x) = cotx}
y = cot x tun hon vi chu k . {v cot(x + k ) = cotx vi k Z }
Da vo ng trn lng gic ta c chiu bin thin ca hm s y = cot x trn
khong (0 , ) x 0 0
+
y
0
y
th ca: y = cot x

x
0 3 2

2 2 2

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 HM S LNG GIC

B. Cc dng ton :

1. Tm tp xc nh ca hm s y = f ( x) : Thc hin theo mt trong hai hng sau.

D l tp hp tt c cc gi tr ca x sao cho f(x) c ngha.

Tm tp hp S ca x f ( x) khng c ngha , t c tp xc nh l D = R\S .
Ch :

+) vi cc hm lng gic c bn :

y = sin x c min xc nh : D = R. y = cos x th D = R.

y = tan x c min xc nh : D = R\ + k , k Z y = cot x th D = R {k , k Z }.
2

+) f(x) cho bi cc a thc i s:

~
f 1 ( x) f 1 ( x).v.. f 2 ( x)...c..ngh i a
Nu f(x) = th iu kin f(x) c ngha l
f 2 ( x) f 2 ( x) 0
~
f 1 ( x)..c..ngh i a
Nu f(x) = 2k f 2 ( x) .(k Z ) th iu kin f(x) c ngha l
f 2 ( x) 0

Cc v d:

V d 1: Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:

2x
a. y = sin y
b. = 2 sin x y
c. = 1 cos2 x
x 1
1 1
d. y = e. y tan x
= f. y =
sin x + 1 6 tan x 1

tan x 1 + 2 sin x
g. y = sin x h. y = i. y =
2 cos x 1 cot x 3
Hng dn gii :
2x 2x
a. Hm s y = sin xc nh c ngha x 1 0 x 1
x 1 x 1
Vy hm s c tp xc nh l D = R \{1}
b. Hm s xc nh 2 sin x 0 sin x 2 ng x R (v 1 sin x 1, x R )
Vy hm s c tp xc nh l D = R
c. Hm s xc nh 1 cos 2 x 0 sin 2 x 0 ng x R
Vy hm s c tp xc nh l D = R

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 HM S LNG GIC

d. Hm s xc nh sin x + 1 > 0 sin x > 1 sin x 1 x + k 2
2
(v 1 sin x 1, x R ). Vy tp xc nh ca hm s l

D= R \ + k 2 | k Z
2
2
e. Hm s xc nh cos x 0 x + k x + k
6 2 6 3
2
Vy tp xc nh ca hm s l D= R \ + k | k Z
3

x + k
tan x 1
f. Hm s xc nh
4
cos x 0 x= + k
2

Vy tp xc nh ca hm s l D = + k , + k | k Z
4 2
g. Hm s xc nh sin x 0 k 2 x + k 2
(na ng trn LG pha trn trc Ox)
Vy tp xc nh ca hm s= l D [ k 2 , + k 2 ] , k Z
sin
cos x 0 1
h. Hm s xc nh cos x > 3
2 cos x 1 > 0 2

+ k 2 < x < + k 2 cos
3 3 0 1

Vy tp xc nh ca hm s l 2

D = + k 2 , + k 2 , k Z

3 3 3
sin cot

sin x 0 3
6
i. Hm s xc nh cot x 3
1
0 cos
sin x 1
2
6 2
3

x 6 + k 4 4

3
x k + k 2 x + k 2
3 4 4

+ k 2 x + k 2
4 4
3
Vy hm s c tp xc nh l: D = + k 2 , + k 2 , k Z
4 4

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 HM S LNG GIC

V d 2:(Dng nng cao) Cho hm s : y = sin 4 x + cos 4 x 2m sin x cos x

Tm tt c cc gi tr m hm s trn xc nh x R (trn ton trc s)

Gii :

Ta c : g ( x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x 2m sin x cos x = ( sin 2 x ) + ( cos 2 x ) m sin 2 x

2 2

( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) 2sin 2 x cos2 x m sin 2 x = 1

2
= 1 sin 2 2 x m sin 2 x
2

t:
= t sin 2 x t [ 1 , 1]

Hm s xc nh vi mi x R g ( x) 0 , x R

1
t 2 mt + 1 0, t [ 1 , 1]
2

f (t ) = t 2 + 2mt 2 0, t [ 1 , 1]

D thy f (t ) = 0 c hai nghim t1 < 0 < t2 (v a = 1, c = 2 tri du)

Cch 1: s dng nh l viet

Khi ta c bng xt du ca f (t ) nh sau :

t t1 t2 +
f (t ) + 0 - 0 +

T bng xt du trn ta thy :

t1 + 1 0 < t2 + 1 ( t1 + 1)( t2 + 1) 0
f (t )= t 2 + 2mt 2 0, t [ 1 , 1] t1 1 < 1 t2
t1 1 < 0 t2 1 ( t1 1)( t2 1) 0

t t + (t1 + t2 ) + 1 0 2 2m + 1 0 1 1
12 m (theo viet cho f (t ) = 0 )
t1t2 (t1 + t2 ) + 1 0 2 + 2 m + 1 0 2 2

1 1
Vy hm s xc nh trn ton trc s khi m
2 2

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 HM S LNG GIC

Cch 2: S dng tnh cht th ca Parabol

V f (t ) =t 2 + 2mt 2 c h s a = 1 > 0 nn th ca f (t ) s ri vo 1 trong 3 dng sau.

y y
y
f (1)
f (1)
f (1)
t t t
-1 0 1 -1 0 -1 0 1
1
f (1) f (1)
f (1)

Do ta c: Max f (t ) = f (1) hoc Max f (t=) f (1)

[ 1, 1] [ 1, 1]

ycbt f (t ) = t 2 + 2mt 2 0, t [ 1 , 1] Max f (t ) 0

[ 1, 1]

f (1) 0 1 + 2m 0 1 1
m
f (1) 0 1 2m 0 2 2

Bnh lun: cch gii 2, ta dng c s l thuyt sau: Vi S D f ( D f : TX ca f ( x) )

f ( x) m, x S Max f ( x) m
S

f ( x) m, x S Min f ( x) m
S

f ( x) m, x S Min f ( x) m
S

f ( x) m, x S Max f ( x) m
S

Bi tp p dng :

Bi 1: Tm tp xc nh ca hm s :

(S: D = R\ + k , + k | k Z )
1
a) y =
2 cos x 1 3 3

(S: D = R\ + k , + k | k Z )
2
b) y =
(tan x 1)(sin 2 x 2) 2 4

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 HM S LNG GIC

Bi 2: Tm tp xc nh ca hm s :

5
a) y = 1 + sinx cos 2 x (S: D = + 2k ;
+ 2 k )
6 6

(S: D = + k ; + k )
2
b) y =
tan 2 x ( 3 + 1) tan x 3 3 4

Bi 3: Cho hm s : y = sin 4 x + cos 4 x 2msinx.cosx .

1 1
Tm gi tr ca tham s m hm s xc nh vi x R (S: m )
2 2

Bi 4: Tm tp xc nh ca hm s :

cosx 1 cosx cosx 1 cosx 1 1

a) y = HD: = =
1 + 2cosx 1 2cosx 1 + 2cosx 1 2cosx 1 4 cos x 2 cos 2 x + 1
2

1 4 4
Hm s xc nh cos 2 x > + k 2 < x < + k 2
2 3 3

1 sin x 0
b) y = S:=
D R \ k , + k | k R HD:
cot x 3 6 cot x 3

S: D =R \ k 2 ,
1
c) y = + k | k R
4 5cosx 2 sin 2 x 3 3

cos x 2

HD: 4 5cosx 2sin x 0 4 5cosx 2(1 cos x) 0 2 cos x 5cos x + 2 0
2 2 2
1
cos x 2

2. Xt tnh tun hon ca hm s :

Dng 1:Chng minh hm s y = f ( x) c tnh cht tun hon .

on s thc T >0 ( c th l chu k ca hm s hoc cng c th l bi nguyn ca

chu k).
x T D v x + T D
Chng minh x D ta lun c
f (x + T ) =f ( x)
Kt lun y = f ( x) l hm s tun hon .

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 HM S LNG GIC

V d: Chng minh hm s y = f ( x) = 2 cos 2 x + 1 l mt hm s tun hon.

3

Gii

2

Ta c: =
y f (= 1 cos 4 x + 2 c TX: D = R.
x) 2 cos 2 x +=
6 3

Xt T = ta c:
2

x R x + T = x + R
2

f ( x=
+ T ) sin 4 x + =
+ 2 sin 4 x + 2 + 2
2 3 3

= sin 4 x cos 2 + cos 4 x sin 2=
+ 2 sin 4 x =+ 2 f ( x) , x R
3 3 3

Vy hm s tun hon {D dng chng minh c chu k chnh l T = }
2
Dng 2:Chng minh TO l chu k ca hm s y = f ( x) (Chng minh phn chng)
Gi s T R sao cho 0 < T < TO(1) tha mn x D th f ( x + T ) =f ( x)
(2)

Bin i ng thc (2) c c mu thun vi gi thit (1).

Mu thun trn chng t TO l s thc dng b nht tha mn tnh cht tun hon ca
hm s
TO l chu k ca y = f ( x)

V d: Chng minh hm s= ( x) sin 2 x c chu k l T =

y f=

Gii
Gi s T R : 0 < T < (1)
tha mn x R th f ( x + T ) =f ( x)

Khi ta c: f ( x +=
T ) f ( x), x R sin(2 x + 2=
T ) sin 2 x (*), x R

Xt x = ta c: sin + 2T =sin =1 + 2T = + k 2 T =k
4 2 2 2 2

mu thun vi (1)v k Z

Do khng c s dng T no nh hn tha iu kin f ( x + T ) =f ( x) , x R

=
Vy hm s ( x) sin 2 x c chu k T =
y f=

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 HM S LNG GIC

Bnh lun: c th dn n mu thun th ta phi xt x = sin
= = 1
2 x sin
4 2

(tc l lun chn gi tr cho x v phi ca (*) bng 1

Dng 3:Xc nh chu k ca hm s lng gic bt k.(s dng cc ch sau)

Cc ch cn nh v chu k ca hm s lng gic :

Cc hm s y = sin(ax + b) + c v y = cos(ax + b) + c (vi a 0)

2
tun hon vi chu k T =
a
Cc hm s y = tan(ax + b) + c v y = cot(ax + b) + c (vi a 0)

tun hon vi chu k T =
a
Gi s f ( x) v g ( x) tun hon vi chu k tng ng l Tf , Tg .
=F ( x) mf ( x) + ng ( x) tun hon vi chu k: T = BSCNN(Tf ,Tg)

Trong trng hp hm s cha cc s hng cha cc hm lng gic bc cao

hoc c dng tch ta cn dng cng thc h bc hoc cng thc tch thnh
tng trc khi i tm chu k.
Nu f ( x) tun hon th th ca chng ct trc honh (nu c) ti nhng
im cch u nhau.
Bi tp p dng :

Bi 1: Chng minh rng hm s y = sinx tun hon vi chu k T = 2 .

Bi 2: Hm s no sau ay c tnh cht tun hon .Xc nh chu k ca n (nu c)

a) f ( x) = tan(3x - ) (S: T = ) b) f ( x) = 2cos2(2x + ) (S: T = )
6 3 3 2

c) f ( x) = sin2x (S: T = )

Bi 3: Hm s no sau ay c tnh cht tun hon .Xc nh chu k ca n (nu c)

1 1
a) f ( x) = sinx + sin2x + sin3x (S: T = 2 )
2 3

x x
b) f(x) = 2tan 3tan (S: T = 6 )
2 3

c) f ( x) = cosx + (1 + cos2x) + (cos3x 3cosx) (S: T = 2 )

d) f ( x) = sinx + sin(x 2 )
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 HM S LNG GIC

HD: khng tun hon v 2 Q nn khng c khi nim bi s chung

e) f ( x) = tan x

HD: nu f tun hon th th ca chng ct trc honh ti nhng

im cch u nhau

f) f ( x) = sin(x2) (HD: tng t cu e )

g) f ( x) = tan x (S: T = )

h) f ( x) = 2cos2x + 3cos3x + 8cos4x (S: T = 2 )

3. Xt tnh chn l ca hm s lng gic :

Phng php :

Tm tp xc nh D v kim tra tnh cht i xng ca D.

+) Nu x D x D . Ta kt lun : Tp D khng i xng nu hm s

khng chn khng l

+) Nu x D x D. Ta c : D l tp i xng , thc hin tip bc 2.

Xc nh f ( x)
+) Nu f ( x) =f ( x) . Ta kt lun : y = f ( x) l hm s chn.

+) Nu f ( x) = f ( x) . Ta kt lun : y = f ( x) l hm s l.

+) Nu f ( x) f ( x) v f ( x) f ( x) . Ta kt lun : y = f(x) l hm s

khng chn khng l

Ch : ( Tnh cht i xng ca hm lng gic c bn)

y = sinx c v s tm i xng l Ik (k ; 0) v v s trc i xng x = + k (k Z)
2

y = sinx c v s tm i xng l Ik ( +k ; 0) v v s trc i xng x = k (k Z)
2

y = tanx c v s tm i xng l Ik ( k ; 0) ( vi k Z)
2

y = cotx c v s tm i xng l Ik ( k ; 0 ) ( vi k Z)
2

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 HM S LNG GIC

1
V d 1: Xt tnh chn, l ca hm s:=y f=
( x)
2sin x + 3
Gii
Tp xc inh: D = R
Ta c : x R x R
1 1 1
Xt x = ta c: =
f = =
6 6 2sin + 3 2. 1 + 3 4
6 2
1 1 1
f=
= =
6 2sin + 3 2. 1 + 3 2

6 2

Do : f f ng thi f f
6 6 6 6
1
Vy hm s y = khng c tnh chn , l.
2sin x + 3
sin x tan x
V d 2: Chng minh rng th ca hm s= (x)
y f= nhn Oy lm trc
2sin x + 3cot x
i xng.
Gii
Hm s xc nh
x k
sin x 0 xk
x k
2
cos x 0 x + k 2
2sin x + 3cot x 0 2 2cos 2 x + 3cos x + 2 0 x 2 + k 2
2sin x + 3cos x 0
2
3
2
TX:
= D R \ k , + k 2 | k Z
2 3
Do ta c: x D x D (1)

sin ( x ) tan ( x ) ( sin x ) ( tan x )

D ta c f ( x )
x= =
2sin ( x ) + 3cot ( x ) 2 ( sin x ) + 3 ( cot x )

( sin x tan x ) sin x tan x (2)

= = = f (x) {theo cng thc i}
( 2sin x + 3cot x ) 2sin x + 3cot x

sin x tan x
T (1) v (2) ta c: y = l hm s chn
2sin x + 3cot x
sin x tan x
Vy th ca hm s y = nhn Oy l trc i xng.
2sin x + 3cot x

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 HM S LNG GIC

Bi tp p dng :

Bi 1: Xt tnh chn, l ca hm s :

f ( x) = sin
2009
x + cosnx vi (n Z) S: khng chn,khng l

Bi 2: Xt tnh chn, l ca hm s :

x2
a) f ( x) = S: Hm s l
sin x + tan x

b) f ( x) = x sinx S: l

sin 2008 n x + 2009

c) f ( x) = (n Z) S: Chn
cos x

Bi 2: Xt tnh chn, l ca hm s :

=
a) y 2sin x 3 S: khng chn ,khng l (v f = 1 , f =
5 )
2 2
1
b) y = S: khng chn ,khng l
2sin x 1
5
HD: TX: D = R \ + k 2 ,
+ k 2 | k Z do ta c: D m D
6 6 6 6
3 +1 3 +1
c)=y sin x + cos x S: khng chn ,khng l (v f = , f = )
3 2 3 2
d)=y tan x + cot x S: Hm s l
e) y = sin x cos x S: Hm s l
cos3 x + 1
f) y = S: Hm s l
sin3 x
g) y = tan x S: Hm s chn
Bi 3: Chng minh rng th hm s sau c trc i xng :
cos x
=y f=
( x) HD: Chng minh f ( x) l hm s chn dfcm
6x + 4x4 + 2x2 + 1
6

Bi 4: Chng minh rng th hm s sau c tm i xng :

cos 2008 n x + 2009

=y f=
( x) HD: Chng minh f ( x) l hm s l dfcm
sin x

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 HM S LNG GIC

4. Xt s bin thin v v th ca hm lng gic :

Chuyn hm s y = f(x) v dng cc hm s lng gic c bn v xt chiu bin thin theo

bng( vi k Z).

SinU cosU tanU cotU

ng bin (- + k2 , k2 )
(- + k2 , + k2 R + k , k Z
2 2 2
) Na TLG c tung C min xc
Na TLG c honh >0 nh
>0
Nghch (

+ k2 , 3 + k2 (k2 , + k2 ) R {k , k Z }
bin 2 2
C min xc
) Na TLG c tung nh
Na TLG c honh >0
<0

V d: Xt s bin thin c hm s =
y 4sin x + cos x sin 2 x trn 1 chu k ca n.
6 6

T suy ra s bin thin trn ton trc s.

Gii

Ta c : y = 4sin x + cos x sin 2 x = 2 sin 2 x + sin sin 2 x y = sin 2 x + 3
6 6 3

Do hm s cho c chu k T = nn ta xt s bin thin trn [ 0 , ]

3
Bng bin thin:x 0
4 2 4
3 2
2x 0
2 2
1+ 3
y 3 3 3

T bng bin thin ta c: 1 + 3

3
Hm s ng bin trn cc khong 0 , v ,
4 4

3
Hm s nghch bin trn khong ,
4 4

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 HM S LNG GIC

Hm s:= y sin 2 x + 3 tun hon vi chu k T =
y 4sin x + cos x sin 2 x =
6
6
3
Hm s ng bin trn cc khong k , + k v + k , + k
4 4
3
Hm s nghch bin trn khong + k , + k vi k Z
4 4

Bi tp p dng :
Bi 1: Xt s bin thin ca hm s sau trn mt chu k ca n
a) y = tan2x b) y = 1 sinx.
Bi 2: Xt s bin thin ca hm s sau trn mt chu k ca n
y = sinx cosx
Bi 3: Xt s bin thin ca hm s sau trn mt chu k ca n
a) y = cos2x b) y = cot3x
Bi 4: V th ca cc hm s :
a) y = cos x b) y = tan x

c) y = cot(-x) d) y = 1 sinx
Bi 5: V th ca cc hm s :

a) y = sin(x ) b) y = 1 + cosx
4

c) y = cot(x ) d) y = tan(2x )
3 6
5. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s lng gic :
S dng tnh b chn ca hm s lng gic ( vi k Z).
-1 sin2k+1 [f(x)] 1 sin[ f ( x)] 1 0 sin2k[f(x)] 1

-1 cos2k+1 [f(x)] 1 cos[ f ( x)] 1 0 cos2k[f(x)] 1

S dng tnh cht ca tam thc bc hai .

Nu a < 0 th ax 2 + bx + c
4a

Nu a > 0 th ax 2 + bx + c
4a

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 HM S LNG GIC

Nu hm s bt 2 m c iu kin khng phi x R th ta phi lp bng bin

thin ca Parabol tng ng tm c GTLN hoc GTNN.
S dng tnh cht ca hm s bc nht theo Sin , Cos

a b
=y a sin u + b cos u y =
2 sin u + cos u a 2 + b 2
a +b a 2 + b2
2

2 2
a b a b
V 2 2 +
2
= 1 R sao cho cos =
v sin x =
a +b a +b
2
a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2

y= a 2 + b 2 (sin u.cos + cos u.sin ) y= a 2 + b 2 sin(u + )

V -1 sin(u + ) 1 a2 + b2 y a2 + b2

M rng :
a.sinx + b.cosx = c (1) . x tha (1) a 2 + b 2 c a 2 + b 2
y = a.sin [ f ( x) ] + b cos [ f ( x) ] + c a2 + b2 + c y a2 + b2 + c
V d 1: Cho hm s y =
2 cos 2 x 2 3 sin x cos x + 1

a. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s trn

7
b. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s trn on 0 , .
12
Gii

=y 2 cos 2 x 2 3 sin x cos x=

+ 1 cos 2 x 3 sin 2 x + 2
1 3
=
y 2 cos 2 x sin=
2 x + 2 2 cos 2 x cos sin 2 x sin + 2
2 2 3 3

=
y 2 cos 2 x + + 2
3

a. Ta c: 1 cos 2 x + 1 , x R 2 2 cos 2 x + 2 , x R
3 3

0 2 cos 2 x + + 2 4 , x R
3

0 y 4 , x R

Vy Max( y ) = 4 khi cos 2 x + =
1 x= + k
3 6

Min( y ) = 0 khi cos 2 x + =1 x = + k
3 3
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 HM S LNG GIC

b.=y 2 cos 2 x + + 2
3
7 7 3
x 0 , 0 x 2x +
12 12 3 3 2
7
Lp bng bin thin ca hm s=y 2 cos 2 x + + 2 trn on 0 ,
3 7 12
x 0 12
12 3
3
2x +
3 3 2 2
3
f ( x) 2
2

0
T bng bin thin ta thy:

Min f ( x) = 0 Khi x =
7 3
0 , 12

Max f ( x) = 3 khi x = 0
7
0 , 12

V d 2: Tm GTNN v GTLN ca hm =
s y 4
sin x cos x

Gii

0 4 sin x 1
Ta c: 1 4 sin x cos x 1 1 y 1
0 cos x 1

x= + k 2
sin x = 1
Max ( y ) = 1 khi 2 x= + k 2
cos x = 0 x= 2
+ k
2

= sin x 0= x k
Min ( y ) = 1 khi x=k 2
=cos x 1= x k 2

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 HM S LNG GIC

Bi tp p dng :

Bi 1: Tm gi tr ln nht nh nht ca cc hm s .

a) y = 2sinx + 4 (S: 6 v 2)
3
b) y = 1 2cosx 2sin2x (S: 3 v )
2

c) y = sinx + 3 cosx (S:2 v -2)

sin x + 2 cos x + 3 1
d) y = (S:2 v )
2 sin x + cos x + 3 2

Bi 2: Tm gi tr ln nht nh nht ca cc hm s .
1
a) y = 2(1 + sin2x.cos4x) (cos4x cos8x) (S: 5 v 1)
2

1
b) y = sin10x + cos10x (S: 1 v )
16

2 + cos x sin x + 2 cos x + 3

c) y = d) y =
sin x + cos x 2 2 cos x sin x + 4

2 cos 2 x + cos x + 1
e) y = f) y = 2sin2x + 4sinx.cosx + 5
cos x + 1

3 sin x 2x 4x
g) y = 1 + h) y = sin + cos +1
2 + cos x 1+ x 2
1+ x2

Bi 3: Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s .
1 1
y= + (S: 2 2 )
sin x cos x

Bi 4: Tm gi tr ln nht nh nht ca hm s .

y = cos 2 x + 7 sin 2 x + sin 2 x + 7 cos 2 x (4 v 1 + 7 )

Bi 5: Tm gi tr ln nht nh nht ca hm s .

y = sin x + cos x

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 HM S LNG GIC

Bi 6: Tm gi tr ln nht ca cc hm s .

a) y = sinx + 3sin2x
b) y = 1 + 2 sin x + 1 + 2 cos x
x
2
c) y = cos3x + 2sin 2
Bi 7: Tm gi tr ln nht nh nht ca cc hm s .

a) y = 1 2 cos x + 1 2 sin x
b) y = 1 + 2 cos x + 1 + 2 sin x
3 cos 4 x + 4 sin 2 x
c) y =
3 sin 4 x + 4 cos 2 x
m. sin x + 1
Bi 8: Tm m gi tr nh nht ca hm s : y = nh hn 1 .
cos x + 2

2m sin x + m
Bi 9: Cho hm s : y= .
cos x + sin x + 2

a) Tm gi tr ln nht , nh nht ca hm s vi m = 1.

b) Xc nh m gi tr ln nht ca hm s t gi tr nh nht.
2m cos x + m + 1
Bi 10: Cho hm s : y= .
cos x + sin x + 2

a) Tm gi tr ln nht , nh nht ca hm s vi m = 1.

b) Xc nh m gi tr ln nht ca hm s t gi tr nh nht.

Bi 11: Cho hm s :

F(x) = cos22x + 2(sinx + cosx)2 3sin2x + m.

Tnh theo m gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca F(x).T tm m sao cho F2(x) 36 , x R

Bi 12: Tm gi tr nh nht ca :
1 1
a.=y + vi 0 < x <
sin x cos x 2
9
b. y =4 x + + sin x vi 0 < x < +
x
c. y =
2sin 2 x + 4sin x cos x + 5

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 HM S LNG GIC

Bi 13: Tm gi tr nh nht ca :

=
a. y sin x cos x + cos x sin x
b.=y sin x + 3sin 2 x
c. y= cos x + 2 cos 2 x

6. Mt s php bin i th:

T th hm s y = f(x), suy ra th hm s=y f ( x) a hoc=y f ( x a ) th ta
thc hin php tnh tin nh hnh v .
=y f ( x) + a (cng chiu dng trc Oy)
vi a > 0
a n v
=y f ( x + a) y = f ( x) =y f ( x a)
(cng chiu dng trc Ox)
(ngc chiu dng trc Ox)

=y f ( x) a (ngc chiu dng trc Oy)

T th y = f(x), suy ra th y = f(x) bng cch ly i xng th y =

f(x) qua trc honh.
T th y = f(x), suy ra th y = f(-x) bng cch ly i xng th
y = f(x) qua trc tung.
f ( x ), neu f ( x ) 0
th= f (x)
y = c suy t th y = f(x) bng cch gi
f ( x ), neu f ( x ) < 0
nguyn phn th y = f(x) pha trn Ox v b phn th pha di Ox ng thi
ly i xng phn th y = f(x) nm pha di Ox qua trc Ox.
f ( x ), neu x 0
th= (x)
y f= c suy t th y = f(x) bng cch gi
f ( x ), neu x < 0
nguynphn th y = f(x) pha phi Oy ( x 0 ) v b phn th pha tri Oy
ng thi ly i xng phn th y = f(x) nm pha phi Oy qua trc Oy.
th y = k . f ( x) c suy t th y = f(x) bng cch c ( k < 1 ) gin ( k > 1 ) theo
phng ca trc tung (Oy) theo t s k
th y = f (k .x) c suy t th y = f(x) bng cch c ( k < 1 ) gin ( k > 1 ) theo
phng ca trc honh (Ox)theo t s k

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 HM S LNG GIC

V d 1: Cho hm s y = 3cos 2 x
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s trn .

b. T th ca hm s y = cos 2 x hy suy ra th ca=y 3sin 2 x + + 2
3
Gii

a. TX: D = R 3
x 0 4 2 4
Bng bin thin: 3
2x 0 2
2 2
3 3
f ( x)
0 0

-3

Hm s ngch bin trn cc khong k , + k
2

Hm s ng bin trn cc khong + k , + k , k Z (v hm s c chu k T = )
2
th: y
3

x
0 3 5

2 4 4 2 4 4

-3

Nhn xt : th nhn Oy lm trc i xng , Hm s tun hon vi chu k T =

b.
Bc 1: Bng cch tnh tin (C): y = cos 2 x theo ngc chiu dng ca trc

Ox n v ta c c th (C):
= y 3sin 2 x + v =
(C ') : y 3sin 2 x +
6 3 6
y
3

x

7

2

5 0 7 5 13
6 3 12 6 12 3 12 6 12

-3

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 HM S LNG GIC

Bc 2: Bng cch tnh tin th (C):
= y 3sin 2 x + ln trn 2 n v
3

(theo cng chiu dng ca trc Oy) ta c th (C ")=
: y 3sin 2 x + + 2
y 3
3

2

3 3 x

7 0 5 13
6 -1
6 6 12

Bc 3: Bng cch gi nguyn phn th (C):=y 3sin 2 x + + 2 nm pha
3
trn trc Ox , v b phn th pha di Ox ng thi ly i xng phn th
(C) nm pha di Ox qua trc Ox ta thu c th ca hm s :

=y 3sin 2 x + + 2 nh hnh v sau:
3
y
3

x
2
7 0 5 13
3 6 -1 3
6 6 12

V d 2: Tm cc php bin hnh c th bin th (C) thnh (C) sau ay:

a. (C ) : y = sin x (C ') : y =
sin x + + 1
3

b. =
(C ) : y 2 tan x (C ')=: y 2 tan x 3
6 6

c. (C ) : y = cos x (C ') :=y cos x + 3
4
d. (C ) : y = cos x (C ') : y =
2 cos x + 2

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 HM S LNG GIC

Gii
a. bin i (C) thnh (C) ta cn thc hin ln lt cc bc sau:

Bc 1: Tnh tin (C) sang tri n v ta c ( C=
1): y sin x +
3 3

(theo ngc chiu dng trc Ox )

Bc 2: i xng ( C1 ) qua trc Ox ta c ( C2 ) : y =
sin x +
3

Bc 3: Tnh tin ( C2 ) ln trn 1 n v ta c ( C ') (theo chiu dng trc Oy )

b. bin i (C) thnh (C) ta cn thc hin ln lt cc bc sau:

Bc 1: i xng ( C ) qua trc Ox ta c ( C1 )=
: y 2 tan x
6

Bc 2: Tnh tin ( C1 ) xung di 3 n v ta c ( C ')

(theo ngc chiu dng trc Oy )

c. bin i (C) thnh (C) ta cn thc hin ln lt cc bc sau:

Bc 1: Tnh tin (C) sang phi n v ta c ( C=
1): y cos x
4 4

(theo chiu dng trc Ox )

Bc 2:Gi nguyn phn th ( C1 ) pha phi Oy ( x 0 ) v b phn

th pha tri Oy ng thi ly i xng phn th ( C1 ) nm pha

phi Oy qua trc Oy, ta thu c th ( C=
2): y cos x
4

Bc 3: Tnh tin ( C2 ) ln trn 3 n v ta c c th ( C ')

(theo chiu dng trc Oy)

d. bin i (C) thnh (C) ta cn thc hin ln lt cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hin php gin (C) 2 n v ta thu c ( C1 ) : y = 2 cos x

Bc 2: i xng ( C1 ) : y = 2 cos x qua trc Ox ta thu c ( C2 ) : y = 2 cos x

Bc 3: Tnh tin ( C2 ) : y = 2cos x ln trn 2 n v ta thu c (C ') : y =

2cos x + 2

(theo chiu dng trc Oy)

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