Sir May I start

Bismillah

"It ought to concern every person, because it is a debasement of our

common humanity. It ought to concern every community, because it tears
at our social fabric. It ought to concern every business, because it distorts
markets. It ought to concern every nation, because it endangers public
health and fuels violence and organized crime. Im talking about the
injustice, the outrage, of human trafficking, which must be called by its
true name -- modern slavery."

Vulnerable people, usually poor, are deceived or forced into working

abroad with promises of a better life. When they get there their passports
are taken off them, they are forced to work behind locked door and beaten
or starved if they refuse. Sometimes they are killed and the threat of
murder is always there. Their master or owners make money by forcing
them to force in sweatshops, dangerous jobs or as prostitutes. If the victim
manages to get to the police, they are often not helped because they have
no documents or the crime is not taken seriously. They do not usually try
to contact the authorities because they are likely to be deported to their
country where they will be probably murdered. And so Human Trafficking
continues.

And this is the topic of my presentation today. In next 18-20 minutes, I Flt
Lt Muhammad Nafees will make an effort with the aim To apprise the
house about Human Trafficking and road map for Pakistab

This will be the sequence of my presentation.

Time Line Human Trafficking

Slavery has a history dating back thousands of years. It existed in
prehistoric hunting societies and has persisted throughout the history of the
mankind as a universal institution. From the ancient Greek and Romans
to the medieval times, and up until today, humans have been subject to
various forms of physical and sexual slavery.
Although forms of slavery existed before the 1400, the 1400s
marked the start of European slave trading in Africa with the Portuguese
transporting people from Africa to Portugal and using them as slaves. In
1562, the British joined in on the slave trade in Africa. Later on
throughout the 1600s, other countries like Spain, North America, Holland,
France, Sweden, and Denmark became more involved in the European
slave trade.

The British were the first to make a law against slavery in 1807,
when they passed a law that made the Transatlantic Slave Trade illegal.
In 1820, the United States followed Great Britain's example by
making the slave trade a crime that was punishable by death.
In 1899 and 1902, international conferences to talk about white
slavery were organized in Paris, France.
Then in 1904, an international agreement against the 'white slave
trade' was created, with a focus on migrant women and children.
In 1910, 13 countries signed the International Convention for the
Suppression of White Slave Trade to make this form of trafficking illegal.
In June of 1921, the League of Nations held an international
conference in Geneva, in which the term 'white slavery' was changed to
'traffic of women and children'.
In 1923, the League of Nations had a group of experts carry out two
studies on the trafficking of women and children.
In 1949, the United Nations Convention of the Traffic in Persons and
the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others was passed.
In 2000, the United Nations Protocol against Trafficking in Persons
was passed. It made all forms of human trafficking illegal.

Definition:-
Human trafficking occurs when a trafficker takes any one of the
enumerated Actions, and then employs the Means of force, fraud or
coercion for the Purpose of compelling the victim to provide commercial
sex acts or labor or services.

At a minimum, one element from each column must be present to

establish a potential situation of human trafficking. The presence of force,
fraud or coercion indicates that the victim has not consented of his or her
own free will. Second name of human Trafficking is Modern Slavery.
Who is involved in Trafficking
Displaced persons, minorities and other marginalized groups are victims
to human trafficking.

The recruiter gains the victims trust and then sells them for labor or to a
pimp. Sometimes this is a boyfriend, a neighbor, or even a family member.

The trafficker is the one who controls the victims. Making the victim
fearful through abuse, threats, and lies the trafficker gains power over
his/her victim.

The consumer funds the human trafficking industry by purchasing goods

and services.

Victims of trafficking
Across the globe, people irrespective of their age and gender are
victims of Human Trafficking. As per the global survey conducted by United
Nation Office on Drugs & Crime, out of the detected victims, 55-60% of
were women, 27 % were children and 14-18% were men.

Forms of Exploitation:-
People are trafficked to be exploited in a range of different sector. Approx
49 % victims in the world are being used for sexual assault by working in
brothels, clubs and red light areas.

Approx. 43% victims are exploited in the sector of forced labor.

Other forms of exploitation have been found such as forced marriage,

organ removal, illegal adoption and the exploitation of children for begging
and as child soldiers.
I am not talking about less or more, but this map shows that Human
Trafficking exists across the globe. Extent is depicted by different colors.

Human Trafficking Flow

Trafficking can occur nationally or regionally, or from continent to
continent. No country is left untouched by human trafficking. About 460
distinct trafficking flows around the world were identified. Most of the
trafficking flows are intraregional (i.e. trafficking within a region), with
almost half of detected victims being trafficked from a country in the same
region as the country of destination. Nearly one fourth of victims were
trafficked between regions, and some 27 per cent of victims were trafficked
domestically (i.e. within their country of origin).

Human Trafficking Origins:-

Regional differences with respect to the countries of origin of human
trafficking victims are of great importance. Nationals of Western and
Central European countries are almost exclusively detected in Europe.
Similarly, victims from North America, Central America ,the Caribbean,
North Africa and the Middle East were not frequently detected outside their
region of origin.
The trafficking of sub-Saharan Africans, is intense in Africa and
the Middle East, as well as Western Europe, but it is largely confined to
those destinations. South American and Eastern European victims are
detected in a variety of countries in different regions and sub-regions.
However, these victims are detected in limited numbers outside their region
of origin. East Asian victims are detected in relatively large numbers in
many countries across the world, making the flow from East Asia the most
prominent transnational trafficking flow worldwide.

Human Trafficking Destination

As stated above, nearly half of all trafficking is intraregional. More
than 75 per cent of the trafficking flows considered are either short or
medium range. This may be explained largely in terms of convenience and
risk minimization for the traffickers, because shorter distances make it
easier to manage the trafficking process.

From the vantage point of trafficking destinations, this means

that the bulk of trafficking victims are trafficked within the region of origin.
This is true for all regions and nearly all sub-regions. Countries in South
and East Asia and the Pacific, as well as in Africa and in Eastern Europe
and Central Asia, detect almost exclusively victims from within the region
(including domestic trafficking).

Countries of Western and Central Europe reported the greatest

variety of origins and the greatest distances spanned by trafficking flows. In
North America, one third of detected victims come from outside the region,
while a large majority of the victims are trafficked from North America,
Central America and the Caribbean. The Middle East is the part of the
world where long distance trafficking is most prominent, as about 70 per
cent of the victims detected in the sub-region come from other regions.

Human Trafficking Routes:-

Here is the world map showing few of the routes being used for
Human trafficking across the globe.
Countries shown in red color are major sources of human
trafficking. They include Mauritania, Thailand, Russia & China along
with India, Pakistan, Mexico and Brazil.
Countries shown in blue color are the major destinations. They
include USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, Greece and Turkey.

Statistical Data:-
(1) Human trafficking is not a regional issue rather it is a global
problem. During the course of survey, people in modern day slavery have
been found in 167 countries of the world.
(2) Approximately, 35.8 million people across the globe are victims of
Human Trafficking and are living in some form of modern day slavery.
(3) Human Trafficking is one of the fastest growing crimes in the
world. According to US State Department, it is the worlds second largest
criminal enterprise.
(4) ILO estimates the illicit profit of force labor only, to be 150 billion
US dollar per annum.

Statistical Data: Region Wise

(1) Almost two-thirds (65.8 percent) of the estimated 35.8 million

people in modern slavery across the globe are in the Asia Pacific region.
(2) Victims of modern day slavery living in Europe make 1.6% of total
victims across the globe. Despite having the lowest regional prevalence of
modern slavery in the world, men, women and children continue to be
subjected to modern slavery within the European Union (EU).

(3) Over seven percent of the total number of people enslaved in the
world are from the Russia and Eurasia region.

(4) In Sub-Saharan Africa, complex patterns of migration, fuelled by a

lack of economic opportunity, conflict and climate related disasters, force
millions of migrants to travel from rural areas to cities as refugees, stateless
or displaced persons, and economic migrants.
(5) The Middle East is a destination for men and women from Asia and
Sub-Saharan Africa who travelled to the region with promises of well-
paying job contracts.

(6) The Americas region experiences relatively low rates of modern

slavery in comparison to other regions, with around 3.6 percent of the total
number of people in modern slavery.

Statistical Data: Country Wise

(1) Mauritania has the highest prevalence of modern slavery in the
world; an estimated four percent of the population is enslaved.
(2) 3.973% out of total victims of human trafficking are from Uzbekistan a
Central Asian country.

(3) Haiti is the least developed country in the Americas, where poverty
has contributed to use of the restavk system resulting verbal, physical,
and sexual abuse

(4) Qatar is a destination for exploitation of men and women from Asia
who travel to the Gulf nation with promises of well-paid jobs. 1.356%
victims in the world are from Qatar.

(5) Indias modern slavery challenges are immense. Across Indias

population of over 1.2 billion people, all forms of modern slavery, including
inter-generational bonded labour, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and
forced marriage, exist.

(6) Pakistan is 6th biggest victim of human trafficking in the world

contributing 1.130% of total victims in the world.

Statistical data: Numerical Analysis

Out of 35.8 million, 61% which make 21.84 million are from just 5
countries.
14.29 millions are from India, 3.241 million from china, 2.058
million from Pakistan, 1.201 million from Uzbekistan and 1.050 million
from Russia.
International Mafia:-
Now I will talk about different groups of the world involved in Human
Trafficking.

Russian Mafia:-

1. The Russian Mafia is a term used to refer to the collective of

various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union.

2. The Bratva is the biggest and most powerful crime syndicate of

the Russian mafia. These mostly consist of both Slavic as well
as Jewish criminals.

3. The Azerbaijani mafia is a general term for organized criminal

gangs, mostly based in Moscow and other major Russian cities that consist
of ethnic Azeris.

4. Georgian mafia is regarded as one of the biggest, powerful and

influential criminal networks in Europe.

5. Other groups involved in the business of human trafficking are

Italian American Mafia

Jewish American Mafia
Israeli Mafia
Arabs Mafia
Balkan Trafficking Ring Tara
Turkish Diaspora communities
Mafia in Pakistan

According to the most wanted persons list, Daud Ibrahim is the 3rd most
wanted criminal in the world. He is the underworld don of India. According
to an Indian reporter, Daud Ibrahim is living in Karachi. Sources also show
involvement of political parties in organized crimes in Karchi.

Human Trafficking in Pakistan

Now I will talk about Human Trafficking in Pakistan:

Pakistan is a source, transit, and destination country for men,

women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual
exploitation. There is considerable trafficking in women, children, and
young men for prostitution through Pakistan but trafficking for forced labor
is probably more widespread. Although estimated numbers of internal and
external human trafficking victims are lacking, the trafficking of people from
Pakistan for sexual exploitation, forced labor, forced marriage and use as
camel jockeys has been well documented. Hard pressed parents in
Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, DG khan and other under developed areas
of Pakistan send their children to Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states as
Camel jockeys.

Government Response
Pakistan has national laws that prohibit bonded labor and
transnational human trafficking. In Pakistan, Human trafficking is dealt as
per Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking ordinance, 2002.
However, following a constitutional amendment in 2010, the Federal
Government devolved most legislative and enforcement powers to the
provinces, including responsibility for labor, child protection, and womens
protection. The provinces are yet to make all the necessary laws on these
issues.
No single national-level body exists to oversee a coordinated
response to the modern slavery challenges that Pakistan faces.

Cross-border human trafficking remains under the purview of the

Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) of the Ministry of Interior and Narcotics
Control, but there is no national level mechanism to address internal
trafficking.

Anti Trafficking Units (ATUs)

The Anti Trafficking Unit is a specialized authority combating human
trafficking, and is also be a contact body with non-governmental
organizations providing help line, secure accommodation and cooperation
activities. The ATUs are directly subordinated to the Director General FIA
and shall coordinate all activities with the National Coordinator in the
Ministry of Interior.
Staff of ATUs shall be trained particularly on the following issues:-

(1) Methods of identification of victims and suspected victims

(2) Use of relevant surveillance methods and tools

(3) Obtaining, analyzing and presenting as evidence the information,

documents, other things possessed by victims, and other sources.

(4) Rules for treatment of victims and suspected victims.

(5) A separate database shall be created for the registration and use of
information collated in the course of the investigation of crimes related to
human trafficking.

(6) Along with identification and protection of victims and suspected

victims, the ATUs shall also carry out operational investigation and criminal
prosecution activities.

(7) Preliminary investigation into a case of victims or suspected victims

shall be carried out by the ATU officers within the secure accommodation.

(8) A help line shall be created to provide a free of charge and

permanent communication service for victims and potential victims of
human trafficking crimes.

Protection of Victims:-
For the protection of victims, 1st and foremost thing is establishing
and provision of shelters. This Secure accommodation along shall have the
following facilities:-
Properly secured building with appropriate living conditions
Access to telephone
Access to medical care and psychological counseling
Possibility of legal assistance
Opportunity to have a translator; and a separate place for
conversation
Ensuring confidentiality of information about the person placed in
the accommodation
Provision of facilities for future reintegration

DG FIA is responsible for following:-

 Preparation of shelter procedures for the reception, treatment and
integration of identified trafficking victims.
Preparation of an ATU Operational Manual by FIA to include job
tasks and functions
Provision of maximum protection to victims during the trial and post
trial period
Protection of the privacy and identity of victims during legal
proceedings and at other levels of assistance.
Sensitization of all law enforcement officials to ensure that the
victims are not mistreated or further victimized
Sensitization and promotion of code of ethics within media
personnel on investigation and reporting of trafficking crimes in a sensitive
manner.

Interior Ministry is responsible for following:-

Provision of legal assistance to the victims

Referral Mechanism

Sensitization of law enforcement officials

ATUs in coordination with other state actors is responsible for:-

Providing effective protection from possible intimidation of the

witnesses or retaliation
Identification of options for continued stay

Analysis:-

Coming towards the analysis part:

(1) Human Trafficking is exploitation of human being. About 35.8 million

are victims of human trafficking across the globe and are living in some
form of modern day slavery

(2) Victims are most commonly trafficked into forced labor, forced sex
work and forced domestic work.
(3) Traffickers prey for those who dream for better future. Victims can
be men, women and children made vulnerable from lack of money or
opportunities from work or study.

(4) Victims are forced to work long hours and live in inhumane
conditions with little or no pay. Victims suffer from physical and emotional
abuse, rape & even death.

(5) Women account for 55-60 per cent of all trafficking victims detected
globally; women and girls together account for about 75 per cent.

(6) Twenty-seven per cent of all victims detected globally are children.
Of every three child victims, two are girls and one is a boy.

(7) Trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation accounts for 49

per cent of all trafficking cases detected globally, while trafficking for forced
labor accounts for 43 per cent. The share of detected cases of trafficking
for forced labor has doubled over the past four years. Trafficking for sexual
exploitation is more common in Europe, Central Asia and the Americas.
Trafficking for forced labor is more frequently detected in Africa and the
Middle East, as well as in South and East Asia and the Pacific.

(8) Domestic trafficking accounts for 27 per cent of all detected cases
of trafficking in persons worldwide, 24% were trafficked interregionally and
about 50% were trafficked across the borders within their region of origin.
The Middle East is the region reporting the greatest proportion of victims
trafficked from other regions (70 per cent).

(9) 71% victims of modern day slavery are from ten countries.

(10) Human Trafficking is one of the fastest growing criminal activities in

the world making more than 150 billion US dollars per annum.

Recommendations:
For the prevention of Human Trafficking following are the
recommendations:-

Federal and Provincial governments to review the current

legislation and put in place all the necessary international, federal and
provincial laws necessary to end modern slavery, including reforming those
laws that criminalize victims.
 Awareness raising efforts need to be incorporated as a continuous
process in the national counter-trafficking strategy.

Establish a single agency with Cabinet-level representation of the

Federal and Provincial Governments to create a single, integrated National
Strategy to end modern slavery, with an appropriate plan and budget.

Specialized Training should be imparted to all persons and bodies

involved with different aspects of human trafficking and working with victims
of trafficking.

It is to be ensured that traveling or other identity documents are of

such quality that they cannot easily be tampered, forged, misused, altered,
replicated or falsified.

Urgent need of the time is that root causes of Human Trafficking

should be addressed and minimized, Poverty is one of the major root cause
of said trafficking.

Set and audit minimum labour standards in all Federal and

Provincial government procurement activities.

Payment of minimum wages to all labors should be ensured thus

eliminating cheap labor concept.

Child labor should be completely banned.

Laws should be implemented in true letter and spirit. Action as per

law should be ensured.

Conclusion:
To Conclude

Human Trafficking is an egregious human rights violation that did not

rapidly emerged and will not promptly depart.
Thankfully, governments, NGOs and foundations are beginning to
recognize the necessity of trafficking, protection and prevention. However,
increased awareness and resources are crucial to successfully eradicate
human trafficking.
The time is ripe for foundations if properly focused and coordinated to
enter the human trafficking arena with confidence that their resources will
generate substantial and essential alleviations.