1

' Quick Trees

Very fast template and freehand outline symbois
Simple single circle
Trees should be drawn at about two-thirds to three-fourths of heir template outline
mature, ultimate spread. This gives a fair representation of the
impact of the planting design in the near future, rather than in
twenty or thirty years.
Always use a light guideline and show the center of the tree.

Double circle
template outline,
otfset

Freehand double outline

around a light guideline
circle

Angular outline with

Angular outline half-circles at the
corners

Thick and thin double

outline with quick
branching
Circular outline with
Double wavy line
small Ws removed

Bites out of the cookie

Irregular puffy edge

PRESENTATION PLANS

f
 Thick outside line

Good for showing detail

on the ground plane
underneath.

Note: This size is good for

ten scale plans.

Open branching with

small circies or triangles
suggests leaves.

Note: This size is good for one-eighth or one-quarter

scaie plans.
 A simple shape is repeated around the edge and piled
up on the shaded side to give an appearance of
raundness.

* Star doodles
* *
, *-

Leave a large rea of

each tree symbol
uncluttered by detail

Linked Us
:*
Flower doodles

Square-shaped doodles
Dots or stippie marks

Hatchlinestoshowpalm

Loose squiggles w/th

Circle doodles thick and thin lines
v
Trees with Branch Patterns
l
Good for showng winter effects or layering other symbols
undernealh, this kind of symbol is also easy to color.
Five main branch spokes looks most natural. Make sure
that any Ihckened center becomes gradually thinner Smooth curved Unes
oward the edge.

Simple straight Unes

Many Unes toward the

outside defines the edge. Forks

Angular lines

When only a few branches are

shown the outside of the symbol
may need some edge definition.
Irregular bumpy lines

Lightning bolts

83
 -p-p

Sequence for Drawing Branched Trees

1. Start wilh a light guideline
circle and locate the center.
Draw in the mairi branch
structure Solid branches
should taper from thck near
lhe center to thn near the
oulsde.
3, Add a few more secondary 4. Add many small branches to
branches, each one emphasize the edge.
touching the outer circle
guideline.

PRESENTATION PLANS
Coniferous Trees
Drafted lines

Sequence for Radial Line Symbols

1. Set up guide circle.
2. Place a larger circle template around it.
3. For drafted symbols, draw lines with the
triangle on top of the circle template.
4. For freehand symbols, place the smaller
template ove r the larger one and draw lines
from one side to the other.
5. Make sure that ali lines cross in the center.

The addition of more

AH lines the same lines on one side gives
an added depth.

Deep and shallow

U shapes

85
Plant Groups
The symbols shown here and on the
next three pages cari be used to
represent forests and graves of trees
at larger scales or groups of shrubs
at smaller scales.

Begin with a series of A simple, heavy outline is

circles as light guidelines. the fastest method.
Vary their size a little.

Angular lines, like a stop Centers may or may not be Loose wavy lines, double or
sign, are used for outlines. located. single, are used for outlines.

PRESENTATION PLANS
vi
ni
Tropical Plants

Dots are for textural

interest.
Thin lines may represent
leaf ribs.

Always use a circle

template guideline for outer
edges.

Combine thick and thin

lines to provide interest Some symbols also nave
an inner guide circle.

Overlapping gives an
appearance of depth.

87
 More Deciduous Shrubs or
Tree Groups
Scalloped edges

Quick radial "match-

stick" Unes to sugges
branching

Angular edges
Double outline

Double stop sign, thick

and thin

Irregular outline with

some dots

Puffy outline with some

pencl hatching on one
side to show coundness

PRESENTATION PLANS
Fine-textured Shrubs

Repeated U-shaped
strokes
Varied U shapes

Good for shrubs with Two or three rows on

Jagged strokes
needle-like or pointed one side for showing
penetrating the circle
foliage, such as conifers roundness
and other sharp-leaved
evergreens.

Conifers

Double circle
guidelines

Grass-like plants

89
 *
Hedges or Rows *
P

J
J
Informal hedge d
Quick outline, with small
chunks added and
d
removed Tropical or large-leafed m
plants

Rounded, smooth edges (

Box shapes for a that show two pen sizes
trimmed hedge and to overlapping
define space
"or^^r*v

PRESENTATION PLANS
f}
Ground Covers

Large reas'of grass may be left

untextured or shown with a stpple pattern
of dots near the edges. For smaller reas
where a denser tone is desired, the
patterns shown here may work.
A fast method to obtan consistent rows is
to tape two triangles together, leaving a
small gap of Vs-inch to !/4-inch. Choose a
doodle and quickly stroke belween the
triangles.
Best results are obtained by keeping rows
horizontal and parallel. Make sure that
successive rows touch or overlap slightly.

WJW

UMJ MM/

91
 More Ground Covers
The basic line shape shown on the left is
repeated to form a build-up of pattern as
shown on the righ.
These shapes can be drawn freehand with
no horzonlal guides.

Downward arches

Upward arches

Connecled loops

Diagonal Ws

Snakeloops

l PRESENTATION PLANS
w
x~ Excessive
overlap

Symbols too
similar
Tree too close to "^ Pines of similar
edge
size rnterweave
at edges Larger pine
overlaps smaller
pine
Buffer of white
space

Edges
coincide

Branched tree
symbol contrasts
ff Edge of plant with shrubs
symbol lies on underneath
top of edging line
Definite overlap,
with no
confusion of
edges

PRESENTATION PLANS

PRESENTATION PLANS
 Paving

t Aggregate.
Small circles
of varying
Random cut
flagstone. Make
each unit with three
to five sides.
m

size.

Concrete with
dividers

Rectangular stone
with round or
square corners.
Keep spacing
between the
units even.

Ali paving types on this page are freehand examples.

PRESNTATION PLANS
Prepared Hardscape Patterns
Many paltern shapes are
avalable with adhesive
backing. They are trimmed
to fit the desired form.
They are expensive, but
fast and precise and are
useful if fine detai! is
needed. Irregular patterns are
best for curving forms.

Decking

101
rti
Shadows
Shadows bring depth to a plan by indicating relativa
heghts of objecs. Sun
direction
If lhe north arrow points up on the plan, the most
realistic directon for shadows n the northern
hemisphere is above the symbols. When the shadow
pattern is criticai (e.g., solar studies), use this
direction.
A more powerful three-dimensional effect is obtained
by placing shadows on the lower side to the left or
right. Ths is because our eyes are used to having
light come from above.

O Shrub shadows will be

proportionately smaller than tree
shadows.

When the larger tree shadow falis

onto the top of shrubs, it should be
shortened and made with an irregular
edge.

105
Sequence for Drawing Shade Tree
Shadows
1. Start with the circular 2. Move the template in 3. Fill the void.
Iree symbol. Assume a the sun direction and
sun drection. draw a light guideline.

Black shadows are best, but a

toned shadow can be made by
drawing a series of parallel lines
which follow the sun direcion.

For complex oulines, repeat the

symbol shape around the
shadow guide crcle.
Leave a thin white space to
define the edge of the symbol.

PRESENTATION PLANS
K*
ocquence for Drawing Coniferous
Tree Shadows

1. Start with the circular 2. Offsetcircle guideline. 3. Fill the space.

tree symbol and
assume a sun directon.

Parallel strokes with a thick

pen give a textured edge.
Leave white space.

Draw a loose shadow

To show pyramidal tree edge.
form, draw a cone-like
guideline.
The centerline follows the
sun direction.

i 07
 Fast Shadows

., Chisel-point
Light \ marker
direction

Keep the edge of

the marker
parallel to the
lght direction.
The edge of a
regular marker can
also be used to
quickly add
shadow.

Follow back edge

of symbol.

Light
direction

When symbols
are textured to
A gray marker show the shaded
can be used to side of the
reveal lines object, the
under the shadow must
shadow. correspond to
the same light
direction.

PRESENTATION PLANS

:
w v

Composite Shadows
Uight
direction

Edge of
shadow
reflects edge
of symbol. '

Larger tree hs
larger shadow.

Shadow shows
]on bottom of
'pool.

Small trees in Shadow gets longer

raised planter cast as steps descend.
longer Shadows.

111
Uses of Landscape Sections
The examples shown on this and the following nine pages give
some of the main purposes for and values in drawng landscape
section-elevations.

1. To emphasize the importance of vertical elements

as they relate to activities and use.
For sections showing people, activities, uses, and the built
envronment, it is bes to keep the vertical scale and the horizontal
scale the same to avoid unrealistic distortions.

SECTION-ELEVATIONS
 Outline Trees
With this very fast line technique, less than
30 seconds are needed.
Vary the line weight for interes; add some f
"why not?" dois.
Capture form and size only, not detail. Be
abstract rather than realstic.
These outline trees are good for quick
preliminary sketches or sections and for
use as middieground elements.

Mdium: Felt tip pen on marKer paper

GRAPHIC SYMBOL FILE

l L.
u
More Outline Trees

Mdium: Felt tip pen on marker paper

GRAPHIC SYMBOL FILE

w
'('
K (V Outline Trees with Branching
Also quick, this sketch technique takes one to two minutes
per tree.
Use it to capture form and an abstraction of branches.
Place in middieground of preliminary sketches.
Mdium: Felt tip pen on marker paper

133
Branched Trees
Branched trees take more time than outline trees,
but still less than wo minutes. Capture the
branching character: angular, knarled, drooping,
upright, horizontal.
No outline should be visible, but a guideline is
helpful.
Let the branching define the form. Lines are more
numerous near the edges.
Branches give a sense of realism and can
represent a winter effect.
They are good for revealing architectural features
behind them.
Use as middleground elements.
Mdium: Pencil on Mylar
Foliage Texture Trees

l ollow this sequence showing texture

build-up. Do the strokes rapidly. Takes a
lillle more time than other techniques
two to three minutes dependng on size.
Very realistic at capuring the textural
oxpression of the foliage as well as the
three-dimensional light qualities, these
are suited to more refined sketches
where other details are shown. Use in
middleground or closer.
Mdium: 2B pencil on smooth
sketch paper

1. Lightly outline the form 2. Select a doodle and begin 3. Buld up a heavier pattern
and assume a light to shape the tree. on the bottom and shaded
direction. side.

135
 Conifer Texture Trees

Mdium: 2B pencil on marker paper-X-

i

GRAPHIC SYMBOL FILE

 Shrubs

Use similar techniques as shown for trees: quick

outline, branched forms, and texlured shapes to
show foliage or berries. The more detailed
elements should be placed in the foreground,
the simpler shapes in the middleground.
Mdium: Felt tip pen on smooth paper

-*,.

GRAPHIC SYMBOL FILE