Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Preparation Emergency
response
Mitigation Rehabilitation
Prevention Reconstruction
Strategy and Road Map:
Disaster Risk Reduction
Improvement of SOCIETY RESILIENCE
Volcanic disaster
Debris flow (laharic flow)
Landslide
Flood
Earthquake & Tsunami
Drought
Dam failure, Forrest fire, Abrasion etc.
Landslide Disaster
Development of Landslide Monitoring and
Early Warning System
Peta Risiko Tanah Longsor Indonesia
JUMLAH KEJADIAN
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
JAWA TENGAH
JAWA BARAT
JAWA TIMUR
SUMATERA BARAT
NTT
SULAWESI TENGGARA
PROVINSI
ACEH
SUMATERA UTARA
SULAWESI SELATAN
BALI
JAWA BARAT
JAWA TENGAH
JAWA TIMUR
NTT
SUMATERA UTARA
SULAWESI SELATAN
PROVINSI
SUMATERA BARAT
SULAWESI TENGAH
D.I. YOGYAKARTA
BALI
Local mass movement
Rapid local movements with localized impact
(less than 10 ha)
Debris slide
Debris fall
Palu-Sulawesi, Feb 2009
Creep inducing structural damages
Slow local movement but with relatively
larger impact area (more than 10 ha)
Long distance mass movement
Debris flow induced by Rainfall
after Padang Earthquake of
September 30, 2009, in Nagari
Tanjungsani, Agam Regency,
West Sumatra
Site : Cikangkareng,
Cianjur Regency,
September 2009.
EQ induced landslide at Desa
Serempah, Kecamatan Ketol, Kab.
Aceh Tengah : 12 damaged house
and 11 people died
July 2013
Landslides in Banjarnegara
Landslide
occurred
Monitoring
(2006)
site (2007)
The symptoms (cracks) at the upper slope
(2006)
No monitoring activity
Landslide at Sijeruk Village Banjarnegara
(5 January 2006)
1
2
3
2
1 occurred at 03.00 am
2 - 3 occurred at 05.00 am
Resulting in 74 people died
Landslide fatalities
Stage of Development of Landslide
Monitoring and Early Warning System
Initial setup
2007-2008
Outdoor unit of real-time monitoring equipment
IP Camera
Raingauge
Extensometer
Pore pressure
sensor
Fieldserver
Outdoor unit of real-time monitoring equipment
IP Camera
Raingauge
Extensometer
Pore pressure
sensor
Fieldserver
Indoor Unit of real-time
monitoring equipment
Display Monitor
GPRS modem
Local server
LINUX box UPS with
external battery
Digital
Photogrammetry
Altitude:
150m 300 m
Effective Ground
Coverage:
120m 250m
Camera:
Nikon 10Mpixel
With Lens
Calibration
Parameter
Remote camera
exposure
Tools for aerial photogrammetry
Quadcopters Kite
Aerial photo, topography map and real-time monitoring
7 November 2007:
Manual extensometer warned the
community 4 hours before the
landslide occur
Data on the Website
The results of measurement by extensometers, raingauge
and pore water pressure sensor
Extensometer P2P3
Extensometer P1P2
Extensometer P4P5
Extensometer P5P6
South
Kalimantan
(2009)
Pariaman Palu
(2012) (2012)
ICL (2007)
Yogyakarta
(2010) South Sulawesi
(2008)
Cianjur
(2009)
Banjarnegara ICL (2009)
Situbondo
(2007) Karanganyar (2007)
(2008)
UGM in cooperation with Ministry for the Development of Disadvantage Regions (KPDT)
UGM in cooperation with National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB)
UGM in cooperation with Private Mining Company
UGM in cooperation with Pertamina Geothermal Energy (2013)
UGM in cooperation with International Consortium on Landslides (ICL-UNESCO)
Hydro-geotechnical Model
o o B
ds Visco-plastic Model
dt
ds 1m
dt
B
Ws
in
os
Fv
Wc
F
W
l
shear zone
Pw h
z
W : weight
l : depth of sliding mass
h : piezometric level
z : shear zone thickness
Viscous force v = v/z
: surface slope angle and shear zone slope
Pw : pore water pressure
Fv : viscous force [c + ( pw) tan ] v = ma
dv
l sin cos c' l cos p w tan ' m
2
dt
v
z
Crack-3 Crack-2 Crack-1
Result of Visco-
P4
11.7o
Wire 4-5
P5
+
- Crack-1
plastic Modelling
Wire 5-6
Crack-2
+
P6 - Block-1
16.6o
Well
Crack-3
Block-2
Block-3
0.25 350
Velocity
300
Simulated Displacement
0.2
Actual Displacement
Displacement (mm)
250
Velocity (mm/h)
0.15
200
150
0.1
100
0.05
50
0 0
1/1/08 4/1/08 7/1/08 10/1/08 1/1/09
Date
60
Early Warning Criteria Scenario I
50 Scenario II
rainfall intensity (mm/h)
Scenario III
Scenario IV
40
C1
C2
30 C3
20 CL
10
0 Y=-0.62X+31
0 10 20 30 40 50
SWI (mm)
Du p
2u Fx (1)
Dt x
Dv p
2 v Fy (2)
Dt y
Dw p
2 w Fz (3)
Dt z
The equation of continuity of the incompressible fluid :
u v w
div ( v ) 0 (4)
x y z
u u u p zx
2
u g x (5)
t x y x z
2
v v v p zy
2 v
2
g y (6)
t x y y z
p
g z 0
z
As the resistance rule along the sliding surface: Coulombs criterion.
c : cohesion at the sliding surface
: angle of internal friction of the sliding surface
M (uM ) (vM ) H u
gzh g x h 2 M g z (hc h tan )
2
t x y x u 2 v 2 w2
N (uN ) (vN ) H v
gzh g y h 2 N g z (hc h tan )
2
t x y y u 2 v 2 w2
h M N
t x y
c
where hc
.g z
Bishamon Landslide
Located in Hiyoshi-
cho, Kagoshima
Prefecture
Length : 350 m
Width : 150 m
Area : 6 ha
Volume : 1.0 x 105 m3
Resulting in 2 deaths,
3 injuries
60
40
30
20
14
10
0 Seconds
5
2 Debris thickness
(m)
12 12
11 11
10 10
Z (m) 9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
Y (m) X (m) 1 1
0 0
Calculation result of Tsaoling Landslide
Actual deposition
Source area
100
120
130
140
110
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 Seconds Calculation result
Debris
thickness
(m)
2500.00
150
140
2000.00 130
120
110
1500.00 100
90
80
1000.00 70
60
50
500.00
40
30
20
500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 3500.00 4000.00 4500.00 10
10000.00
09500.00
09000.00
Actual
08500.00
River deposit
08000.00
07500.00
Actual deposition
213500.00 214500.00 215500.00 216500.00 217500.00
Source area
2500.00 Calculation result
2000.00
1500.00
140 sec.
1000.00
500.00 Calculation
result
500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 3500.00 4000.00 4500.00
International Recognition
IPL Award for Success from International Programme on Landslide
(IPL-UNESCO), FAO Headquarter, Rome, Italy (3 Oktober 2011)
International Recognition
Akhir Bagian 1 : Diskusi