Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Extreme poverty rates have been cut by more than half since 1990. While this is a remarkable
achievement, one in five people in developing regions still live on less than $1.25 a day, and
there are millions more who make little more than this daily amount, plus many people risk
slipping back into poverty.
Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood. Its
manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic
services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-
making. Economic growth must be inclusive to provide sustainable jobs and promote equality.

1. Facts and figures

836 million people still live in extreme poverty.

About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than $1.25 per day.

The overwhelming majority of people living on less than $1.25 a day belong to two
regions: Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
 High poverty rates are often found in small, fragile and conflict-affected countries.

One in four children under age five in the world has inadequate height for his or her
age.

Every day in 2014, 42,000 people had to abandon their homes to seek protection due
to conflict.

2. Targets

By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as
people living on less than $1.25 a day.

By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all
ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.

Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all,
including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the
vulnerable.

By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable,
have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services,
ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural
resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance.

By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce
their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other
economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.

Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including

through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and
predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to
implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions.
 Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels,
based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated
investment in poverty eradication actions

Why is there so much poverty in the world?

Poverty has many dimensions, but its causes include unemployment, social exclusion, and high
vulnerability of certain population to disasters, diseases and other phenomena which prevent
them from being productive.

Im not poor. Why should I care about other peoples economic situation?

There are many reasons, but in short, because as human beings, our wellbeing is linked to each
other. Growing inequality is detrimental to economic growth and undermines social cohesion,
increasing political and social tensions and, in some circumstances, driving instability and
conflicts.

Can we actually achieve this goal?

Yes. To end extreme poverty worldwide in 20 years, economist Jeffrey Sachs calculated that the
total cost per year would be about $175 billion. This represents less than one percent of the
combined income of the richest countries in the world.

So what can I do about it?

If you are a young person:

Your active engagement in policymaking can make a difference in addressing poverty. It ensures
that your rights are promoted and that your voice is heard, that inter-generational knowledge is
shared, and that innovation and critical thinking are encouraged at all ages to support
transformational change in peoples lives and communities.

If you are a policymaker:

Governments can help create an enabling environment to generate productive employment and
job opportunities for the poor and the marginalized. They can formulate strategies and fiscal
policies that stimulate pro-poor growth, and reduce poverty.
If you work in the private sector:

The private sector, as an engine of economic growth, has a major role to play in determining
whether the growth it creates is inclusive and hence contributes to poverty reduction. It can
promote economic opportunities for the poor, focusing on segments of the economy where most
of the poor are active, namely on micro and small enterprises and those operating in the informal
sector.

If you are part of the science and academic community:

The academic and education community have a major role in increasing the awareness about the
impact of poverty. Science provides the foundation for new and sustainable approaches,
solutions and technologies to tackle the challenges of reducing poverty and achieving sustainable
development. The contribution of science to end poverty has been significant. For example, it
has enabled access to safe drinking water, reduced deaths caused by water-borne diseases, and
improved hygiene to reduce health risks related to unsafe drinking water and lack of sanitation.

Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and
promote sustainable agriculture
It is time to rethink how we grow, share and consume our food.
If done right, agriculture, forestry and fisheries can provide nutritious food for all and generate
decent incomes, while supporting people-centred rural development and protecting the
environment.

Right now, our soils, freshwater, oceans, forests and biodiversity are being rapidly degraded.
Climate change is putting even more pressure on the resources we depend on, increasing risks
associated with disasters such as droughts and floods. Many rural women and men can no longer
make ends meet on their land, forcing them to migrate to cities in search of opportunities.

A profound change of the global food and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish
todays 795 million hungry and the additional 2 billion people expected by 2050.

The food and agriculture sector offers key solutions for development, and is central for hunger
and poverty eradication.

1. Facts and figures

a) Hunger

Globally, one in nine people in the world today (795 million) are undernourished

The vast majority of the worlds hungry people live in developing countries, where
12.9 per cent of the population is undernourished.

Asia is the continent with the most hungry people two thirds of the total. The
percentage in southern Asia has fallen in recent years but in western Asia it has
increased slightly.

Southern Asia faces the greatest hunger burden, with about 281 million
undernourished people. In sub-Saharan Africa, projections for the 2014-2016 period
indicate a rate of undernourishment of almost 23 per cent.

Poor nutrition causes nearly half (45 per cent) of deaths in children under five 3.1
million children each year.
 One in four of the worlds children suffer stunted growth. In developing countries the
proportion can rise to one in three.

66 million primary school-age children attend classes hungry across the developing
world, with 23 million in Africa alone.

b) Food security

Agriculture is the single largest employer in the world, providing livelihoods for 40
per cent of todays global population. It is the largest source of income and jobs for
poor rural households.

500 million small farms worldwide, most still rainfed, provide up to 80 per cent of
food consumed in a large part of the developing world. Investing in smallholder
women and men is an important way to increase food security and nutrition for the
poorest, as well as food production for local and global markets.

Since the 1900s, some 75 per cent of crop diversity has been lost from farmers fields.
Better use of agricultural biodiversity can contribute to more nutritious diets, enhanced
livelihoods for farming communities and more resilient and sustainable farming
systems.
If women farmers had the same access to resources as men, the number of hungry in
the world could be reduced by up to 150 million.

1.4 billion people have no access to electricity worldwide most of whom live in rural
areas of the developing world. Energy poverty in many regions is a fundamental
barrier to reducing hunger and ensuring that the world can produce enough food to
meet future demand.

2. Targets

By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in
vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year
round
 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally
agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the
nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons

By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers,
in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers,
including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs,
knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm
employment

By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural
practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that
strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding
and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and
domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed
and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and
promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of
genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural

infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and
plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in
developing countries, in particular least developed countries

Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets,
including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and
all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha
Development Round

Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their
derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves,
in order to help limit extreme food price volatility
With enough food to feed everyone on the planet, why are there so many hungry people?

Poor harvesting practices, as well as food wastage have contributed to food scarcity. Wars have
also had a negative impact on the availability of food and have led to a destruction of the
environment, which is critical to grow food.

Why should I care?

We all want our families to have enough food to eat that is safe and nutritious. A world with zero
hunger can positively impact our economies, health, education, equality and social development.
Its a key piece of building a better future for everyone. Additionally, with hunger limiting
human development, we will not be able to achieve the other sustainable development goals such
as education, health and gender equality.

How much will it cost to achieve zero hunger?

We will need an estimated additional $267 billion per year on average to end world hunger by
2030. There will need to be investments in rural and urban areas and in social protection, so poor
people have access to food and can improve their livelihoods.

What can we do to help?

You can make changes in your own lifeat home, at work and in the communityby
supporting local farmers or markets and making sustainable food choices, supporting good
nutrition for all, and fighting food waste.

You can also use your power as a consumer and voter, demanding businesses and governments
make the choices and changes that will make Zero Hunger a reality. Join the conversation,
whether on social media platforms or in your local communities.

You can join the Global Movement for Zero Hunger by joining the Zero Hunger Challenge to
learn more, including more ways to take action!
Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages is essential to sustainable
development. Significant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing
some of the common killers associated with child and maternal mortality. Major progress has
been made on increasing access to clean water and sanitation, reducing malaria, tuberculosis,
polio and the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, many more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a
wide range of diseases and address many different persistent and emerging health issues.

a. Facts and figures

Child health

17,000 fewer children die each day than in 1990, but more than six million
children still die before their fifth birthday each year

Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly 15.6 million deaths
 Despite determined global progress, an increasing proportion of child deaths are
in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Four out of every five deaths of
children under age five occur in these regions.

Children born into poverty are almost twice as likely to die before the age of five
as those from wealthier families.

Children of educated motherseven mothers with only primary schoolingare

more likely to survive than children of mothers with no education.

Maternal health

Maternal mortality has fallen by almost 50 per cent since 1990

In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa and Southern Asia, maternal mortality has
declined by around two-thirds

But maternal mortality ratio the proportion of mothers that do not survive
childbirth compared to those who do in developing regions is still 14 times
higher than in the developed regions

More women are receiving antenatal care. In developing regions, antenatal care
increased from 65 per cent in 1990 to 83 per cent in 2012

Only half of women in developing regions receive the recommended amount of

health care they need

Fewer teens are having children in most developing regions, but progress has
slowed. The large increase in contraceptive use in the 1990s was not matched in
the 2000s

The need for family planning is slowly being met for more women, but demand is
increasing at a rapid pace
 HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

At the end of 2014, there were 13.6 million people accessing antiretroviral
therapy.

New HIV infections in 2013 were estimated at 2.1 million, which was 38 per cent
lower than in 2001.

At the end of 2013, there were an estimated 35 million people living with HIV.

At the end of 2013, 240 000 children were newly infected with HIV.

New HIV infections among children have declined by 58 per cent since 2001.

Globally, adolescent girls and young women face gender-based inequalities,

exclusion, discrimination and violence, which put them at increased risk of
acquiring HIV.

HIV is the leading cause of death for women of reproductive age worldwide.

TB-related deaths in people living with HIV have fallen by 36% since 2004.

There were 250 000 new HIV infections among adolescents in 2013, two thirds of
which were among adolescent girls.

AIDS is now the leading cause of death among adolescents (aged 1019) in
Africa and the second most common cause of death among adolescents globally.

In many settings, adolescent girls right to privacy and bodily autonomy is not
respected, as many report that their first sexual experience was forced.

As of 2013, 2.1 million adolescents were living with HIV.

Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015,
primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The global
 malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated 37 per cent and the mortality
rates by 58 per cent.

Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment

interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. The tuberculosis mortality rate
fell by 45 per cent and the prevalence rate by 41 per cent between 1990 and 2013.

b. Targets

By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live
births.

By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with
all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live
births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births.

By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical
diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable
diseases.

By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases

through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.

Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug
abuse and harmful use of alcohol.

By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.

By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services,

including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of
reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.
 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to
quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and
affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.

By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous
chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.

Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework

Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate.

Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the
communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing
countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in
accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health,
which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the
Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding
flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for
all.

Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and
retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least
developed countries and small-island developing States.

Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early
warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks.
Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong
learning

Obtaining a quality education is the foundation to improving peoples lives and sustainable
development. Major progress has been made towards increasing access to education at all levels
and increasing enrolment rates in schools particularly for women and girls. Basic literacy skills
have improved tremendously, yet bolder efforts are needed to make even greater strides for
achieving universal education goals. For example, the world has achieved equality in primary
education between girls and boys, but few countries have achieved that target at all levels of
education.

Facts and figures

Enrolment in primary education in developing countries has reached 91 per cent but 57
million children remain out of school.

More than half of children that have not enrolled in school live in sub-Saharan Africa.

An estimated 50 per cent of out-of-school children of primary school age live in conflict-
affected areas.

103 million youth worldwide lack basic literacy skills, and more than 60 per cent of them
are women.
Targets

By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and
secondary education leading to relevant and Goal-4 effective learning outcomes.

By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood
development, care and preprimary education so that they are ready for primary education.

By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical,
vocational and tertiary education, including university.

By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills,
including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and
entrepreneurship.

By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of
education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities,
indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations.

By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and
women, achieve literacy and numeracy.

By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote
sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable
development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a
culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural
diversity and of cultures contribution to sustainable development.

Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and
provide safe, nonviolent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all.

By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to

developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing
States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational
 training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and
scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries.

By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through

international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least
developed countries and small island developing states.

Why does education matter?

Education is the key that will allow many other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be
achieved. When people are able to get quality education they can break from the cycle of
poverty. Education therefore helps to reduce inequalities and to reach gender equality. It also
empowers people everywhere to live more healthy and sustainable lives. Education is also
crucial to fostering tolerance between people and contributes to more peaceful societies.

So through education, people can get better jobs and have better lives?

Yes, education reduces inequality. Using data for 114 countries in the 19852005 period, one
extra year of education is associated with a reduction of the Gini coefficient by 1.4 percentage
points.

But hasnt a lot of progress been made over the last few years on education?

Yes, enrolment in primary education in developing countries has reached 91%. According to the
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS Data Centre), between 2000 and 2012, the percentage of
out-of-school children among primary-school-age children has declined from 40% to 22% in
sub-Saharan Africa and from 20% to 6% in South Asia.

Where are people struggling the most to have access to education?

More than half of children that have not enrolled in school live in sub-Saharan Africa, which
makes it the region with the largest number of out-of-school children in the world. And this
region has a very young population so it will have to provide basic education to 444 million
children between the ages of 3 and 15 in 2030, which is 2.6 times the numbers enrolled today.
Are there groups that have a more difficult access to education?

Yes, women and girls are one of these groups. About one-third of countries in the developing
regions have not achieved gender parity in primary education. In sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania
and Western Asia, girls still face barriers to entering both primary and secondary school. These
disadvantages in education also translate into lack of access to skills and limited opportunities in
the labour market for young women.

What can we do?

Ask our governments to place education as a priority in both policy and practice.
Lobby our governments to make firm commitments to provide free primary school education
to all, including vulnerable or marginalized groups.
Encourage the private sector to invest resources in the development of educational tools and
facilities.
Urge NGOs to partner with youth and other groups to foster the importance of education
within local communities.

Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girl

While the world has achieved progress towards gender equality and womens empowerment
under the Millennium Development Goals (including equal access to primary education between
girls and boys), women and girls continue to suffer discrimination and violence in every part of
the world.

Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a
peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.

Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and
representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable
economies and benefit societies and humanity at large.

Facts and figures

About two thirds of countries in the developing regions have achieved gender parity in
primary education.

In Southern Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every 100 boys in
1990. By 2012, the enrolment ratios were the same for girls as for boys.

In sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania and Western Asia, girls still face barriers to entering both
primary and secondary school.

Women in Northern Africa hold less than one in five paid jobs in the non-agricultural
sector. The proportion of women in paid employment outside the agriculture sector has
increased from 35 per cent in 1990 to 41 per cent in 2015.

In 46 countries, women now hold more than 30 per cent of seats in national parliament in
at least one chamber.

Targets

End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.

Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private
spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.
 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female
genital mutilation.

Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public
services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared
responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate.

Ensure womens full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at
all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.

Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as
agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on
Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome
documents of their review conferences.

Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access
to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services,
inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws.

Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications

technology, to promote the empowerment of women.

Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of
gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels.

What happens if gender equality is not ensured?

Inequalities faced by girls can begin right at birth and follow them all their lives. In some
countries, girls are deprived of access to health care or proper nutrition, leading to a
higher mortality rate.
As girls move into adolescence, gender disparities widen. Child marriage affects girls far
more than boys. Globally, nearly 15 million girls under age 18 are married every year
or 37,000 each day.
 Marrying young also affects girls education. About one third of developing countries
have not achieved gender parity in primary education. In sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania
and Western Asia, girls still face barriers to entering both primary and secondary school.

How does gender inequality affect women?

Disadvantages in education translate into lack of access to skills and limited opportunities
in the labour market.
Womens and girls empowerment is essential to expand economic growth and promote
social development. The full participation of women in labor forces would add
percentage points to most national growth rates double digits in many cases.

Are there any other gender-related challenges?

Yes. Worldwide, 35 per cent of women have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate
partner violence or non-partner sexual violence.
An estimated 133 million girls and women have experienced some form of female genital
mutilation/ cutting in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East, where the harmful
practice is most common with a high risk of prolonged bleeding, infection (including
HIV), childbirth complications, infertility and death.

But, why should gender equality matter to me?

Regardless of where you live in, gender equality is a fundamental human right.
Advancing gender equality is critical to all areas of a healthy society, from reducing
poverty to promoting the health, education, protection and the well-being of girls and
boys.
Investing in education programmes for girls and increasing the age at which they marry
can return $5 for every dollar spent. Investing in programs improving income-generating
activities for women can return $7 dollars for every dollar spent.
What can we do to fix these issues?

If you are a girl, you can stay in school, help empower your female classmates to do the
same and fight for your right to access sexual and reproductive health services.
If you are a woman, you can address unconscious biases and implicit associations that
can form an unintended and often an invisible barrier to equal opportunity.
If you are a man or a boy, you can work alongside women and girls to achieve gender
equality and embrace healthy, respectful relationships.
You can fund education campaigns to curb cultural practices like female genital
mutilation and change harmful laws that limit the rights of women and girls and prevent
them from achieving their full potential.