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Quite obviously, it is 'a n economical design by usilJg oper- .
PIPING & VALVES adng pressure to replace the design pressure to manipulate the
design calculation. However, the danger in most refinery or
chemical processes is that the operating pressure of a process
may change. It may rise to an unexpected, undesirable level due
to process upset , environmental facto~s or human errors.
PRVsizing Where the low pressure side of a heat exchanger is not f uUy pro-
tected when a tube rupture does occur, the potential conse-
quences may never be offset by the savings gained from the eco-
where oYape
Fig. f -Process flow dlagraml . tube brec
'.:. " PRa = Relieving pressure.atthe low I!ressJre side oThe -
= 150'psig (110%)
. + 14;7
. psi area of 01
Flow direction = 179:7. 'p sia . \ Calcu
K = 1.1, rate of specific heats (from computer Wv= :
HIgh pressur!!
' ; . low pre ure
Back pressure " simulation results) where dl
side . ' side side ' ..
. ( 2 )1.1/(1.1-1) Liqui'
" PCFo . =179.7 - .
, ' . 2.1 , . WL =:
, .. ""
= 105.07psia> where dJ
/
PCffl '" 201.54 psla
' ~~be rupture) I-
PCFO 1:1 195.07 psi!!
(PRVoriflce) , . I
\
similar to the ones discussed next.
(2)
TWo-phase flowing through tube break. Design basis:
Vapor flow and liquid flow of a two-phase fluid to pass a
tube breakage opening area are calculated individually.
e The total individual areas equal twice the cross sectional
area of one tube. t
Main header
Calculate tube breakage flows. Vapor f10wrat e from Eq. 3:
W v = 1.444.6 A v (1- 0.317 dP/ P,)(dPILO v)O.5 (3) Fig. 3-Cooling water network.