Unit 1

MAHALAKSHMI
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621213
QUESTION BANK
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Sub. Code : GE 6252 Semester : II
Subject : BEEE Unit : I
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PART-A
1.What is the difference between loop and mesh? (AU MAY 09)
The difference between loop and mesh is that the mesh does not contain
any other loop within it. Thus a mesh is the smallest loop. A mesh is always a loop but
a loop may or may not be mesh.
2.State ohm's law? (AU MAY 10)
The current flowing through the electric circuit is directly proportional to the potential
difference across the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit,
provided temperature remains the constant.
V=IR
3.State Kirchhoff's laws ? (AU MAY 04)
Kirchhoff's current law:
The total current flowing towards a junction point is equal to the total
current flowing away from the junction point.
The algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a junction point is

always zero.
EEE DEPT/MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,TRICHY-621213 Page 1

Kirchoff's voltage law:
In any network ,the algebraic sum of the voltage drops across the circuit elements
of any closed path is equal to the algebraic sum of the e.m.f's in the path.
The algebraic sum of the all branch voltages ,around any closed
path or closed loop is always zero.
4.Define r.m.s value of the alternating quantity? (AU MAY 09)
The effective or r.m.s value of the alternating current is given by that steady (DC)
which,when flowing through a given circuit for the given time, produces the same
amount of heat as produced by the alternating current ,which when flowing through the
same circuit for the same time.
5.Define form factor. State its value for an alternating quantity? (AU DEC 09)
The form factor of the alternating is defined as the ratio of r.m.s value to the
average value.The form factor for the sinusoidal alternating quantities is 1.11.
6.Define peak factor or amplitude factor? State its value for the alternating
quantity? (AU DEC 09)
The peak factor of an alternating quantity is defined as the ratio of the maximum
value to the r.m.s value.The peak factor for sinusoidal alternating quantities is 1.414.
7.Define power factor ? (AU MAY 08)
As cosaine of the phase angle determines the power consumption in a.c

circuit,it is called power factor of the circuit.
power factor=cos()
The phase angle is the angle between the supply voltage and the supply current.
8.List any type of indicating instruments? (AU MAY 08)
The instruments which make the use of the dial and pointer for showing or
indicating magnitude of unknown quantity are called indicating instruments.The
examples are ammeter,voltmeter,wattmeter.
9.What are the advantages of electromechanical measuring instruments? (AU

DEC 10)
The various advantages of measuring instruments are simple in design ,reliable

,low in cost and work without any additional power supply.

other questions:
1. Define Electric Current.
Electric current is defined as rate of flow of electric charge
dq
i = ---- amperes
dt
Where q is he charge in coulombs. The unit of current is the ampere which is the
current that flows when I coulomb of charge is transferred in one second.
2. Define Electrical potential.
This is generally measured between two points and its unit its the volt. If the work
done in moving a charge of one coulomb between any two points is I joule, the we
say that the potential of one point with reference to the second point is I volt.
dw
E = ----
dQ
Where W is the work done in joules.
3. What is meant by resistance?
The resistance of a circuit is the property by which it opposes the flow of current.
This parameter measured in Ohms is responsible for energy dissipation.
4. Define conductance.
The reciprocal of resistance is called conductance: it unit is the Siemen and its
symbol
5. State Ohms law.
When the temperature remains constant, current flowing through a

circuit is directly proportional difference across the conductor.

Mathematically, we may write
E I (Temperature being constant)
(or) E = IR,
Where R the constant of proportionally, becomes the resistance when E is in Volts
and I is an amperes.
6. What is meant by electrical power?
The rate at which work is done is power and its unit is joule per second or watt.
When one coulomb of electric charge is moved through a potential difference of one
volt in one second, the rate of work is one joule per second or one watt. Hence power
in electric circuits is obtained as a product o the voltage (E) and current (I).
P = E.I Watts
We may write this as
P = IR (or)
P = E / R
7. What is meant by electric energy?
Energy is the total amount of work done and hence is the product of power and
time.
W = E / Rt joules (watt-sec)
8. State Kirchoffs laws
Kirchoffs Current Law (I Law)
The sum of the currents flowing towards a junction is equal to the sum of the current
flowing away from it.
Kirchoffs Voltage Law (II Law)
In a closed circuit, the sum of the potential drops is equal to the sum of the potential
rises.
9. Write the general form of mesh analysis.
[R] [I] = [V]

10. What are called lumped circuits?
A Circuit in which all the circuit elements are physically separable is known as
lumped circuits.
11. Write the equivalent resistance when two resistors are connected in parallel?
1 1 1
---- = ---- + ----
Rq R1 R2
1 1 1
---- = ---- + ----
Rq R1 R2
12. Write the equivalent resistance when three resistors are connected in series.
Req = R1+R2+R3
13. Mention the limitations of Ohms law.
1. Ohms law does not apply to all non-metallic conductors.
2. It does not also apply to non-linear devices such as zener diode, vacuum tubes
etc.
3. Ohms law is true for metal conductors at constant temperature. If the

temperature changes, the law is not applicable.
14. Give different forms of expression for electrical power.
Power P = EI

= IR
= -----
Where,
E = Voltage, I = Current, R = resistance.
15 . What is meant by alternating quantity?
It is one in which the magnitude and direction change with respected to time.
16. What is meant by cycle?
One complete set of positive and negative values of an alternation quantity.
17. Define time period.
The time taken to complete one cycle is called the time period of the quantity ().
18. Define frequency.
The number of cycles occurring per second is called frequency
f = -- Hz
19. Define amplitude. The maximum value, either positive or negative, of an

alternating quantity is called amplitude.
20. What is meant by average value?
Average Value = Area the square curve for one cycle
Period

21. Define form factor.
RMS Value
Form factor = --------------------
Average value
22. Define crest (peak) factor.
Maximum value
Crest (peak) factor = ---------------------
RMS Value
23. Give the voltage and current equations for a purely resistive circuit.
e = Em sin wt.
i = Im sin wt.
Where e, i are instantaneous values of voltage and current respectively.
Em, Im are maximum voltage and current respectively.
w angular velocity, T Time period.
24. Define inductance.
When a time varying current passes through a circuit varying flux is produced.
Because of this change in flux, a voltage is induced in the circuit proportional to

the time rate of
di di
change of flux or current i.e. emf induced ----- = L ----
dt dt
Where L, the constant of proportionality has come to be called self inductance of
circuit. The self inductance (or simply inductance) is the property of a coil by which
it opposes any change of current. The unit of inductance is henry

25. Define capacitance.
A capacitor is a circuit element which, like the inductor, stores energy during periods
of time and returns the energy during others. In the capacitor, storage takes place
an electric field unlike the inductance where storage is in a magnetic field. A
capacitor is formed by two parallel plates separated by an insulating medium. The
emf across capacitor is proportional to the charge in it,
i.e. e q or e =-----
Where C the constant is called capacitance.
26. What are the three types of power used in a.c. circuit?
i) Real or active power P = EI cos
ii) Reactive power Q = EI sin
iii) Apparent power, S = EI
27. Define real power.
The actual power consumed in an a.c. circuit is called real power. If E and I are
rms values of voltage and current respectively and O is the phase angle between E and
I, then, P = EI cos
28. Define reactive power.
The power consumed by a pure reactance (XL or Xc) in an a.c. circuit is called
reactive power. The unit is VAR.
Q = EI sin
29. Define apparent power.
It is given by the product of rms values of applied voltage and circuit current. The
unit is Volt-Amperes (VA)

S = EI
30. Give the advantages of three phase system?
1. In a three phase circuit, the total power is more nearly uniform unlike in a single
phase circuit, where the power varies widely.
2. For a given power rating, a three phase alternator is smaller in size leading to
saving in copper and other material.
3. Polyphase motors (induction motors) are self starting unlike single-phase
induction motors.
4. Polyphase machines have better power factor and efficiency.
5. For the same size, the capacity of a polyphase machine is higher.
6. Generation, transmission and utilization of power is more economical in

polyphase systems compared to single phase sequence.
31. What is phase sequence?
The order in which the voltages in the three phases reach their maximum value or
minimum value is called the phase sequence.
32. What is meant by balanced system?
A balanced system means that the current in the three phases are equal in
magnitude and are displaced from one another by 120.
33. Define phase voltage and phase current.
Phase voltage is nothing but voltage across each winding. The current flowing in
the phases is called phase current (Iph).
34. Define line voltage and line current.
The line voltage is nothing but voltage across any two lines (E1). The current
flowing in the lines is called line
current (I1).

35. Define balanced load.
A load is said to be a balanced load, if the power factors and phase currents in the
3phases are equal.
36. Define unbalanced load.
A load said to be unbalanced load, if the power factors and phase currents are
unequal.
37. What are the sources of errors that may occur in permanent magnet moving
coil instrument?
i) Weakening of permanent magnets due to ageing and temperature effects.
ii) Weakening of springs due to same reasons.
iii) Change of resistance of the moving coil with temperature.
38. What are the advantage and disadvantages of PMMC instrument?
Advantages
i) The scale is uniform

ii) Low power consumption
iii) High torque weight ratio
iv) Using suitable value of shunts and multipliers respectively, we can use a
single instrument for many
different ranges of current and voltages.
v) Error due to stray-magnetic losses.

Disadvantages
i) These instruments are useful only for DC not for AC

ii) The cost is higher than that of PMMI instrument.
39. What is the basic operating principle of a PMMC instrument.
A moving coil that carries the current is placed between two poles of a permanent
magnet. The core around which the moving coil is wound is suspended, so that it
can move freely. When current passes through the coil, it produces a strong
magnetic field. The permanent magnet also produces magnetic field. The
deflecting torque is produced due to the interaction between two fluxes. Since the

permanent magnet is fixed, the moving coil tends to move and the pointer which is one
the parts of moving coil arrangement also moves.
40. Explain the operating principle of moving iron (MI) instrument.
In this type of instrument the coil in which the current passes through is fixed. The
moving iron is a flat disc, which is mounted between the fixed coils. When current
passes through the coil the moving iron is moved either by force of attraction or
repulsion.
41. Why cannot a moving coil instrument be used in AC circuits?
The deflecting torque of the instrument reverses if the current reverses. If the
instrument is connected to AC, the pointer cannot follow the rapid reversals and
the deflection corresponds to mean torque, which is zero. So these instruments
cannot be used for AC.
42. Which type of instruments is called universal instrument?
The moving iron instruments are known as universal instruments, because these
instruments can be used for both AC and DC.
43. What are the errors occurring in MI instruments?
i) Hysteresis error
ii) Temperature error
iii) Stray magnetic field error
iv) Frequency error due to reactance of instrument coil and eddy currents.
44. What are the advantages and disadvantages of MI instruments?
Advantages
i) Universal use Suitable for the measurement of both AC and DC.

ii) Less friction loss hence high torque / weight ratio.
iii) Cheapness A single type moving element could cover the entire range of
current.
iv) Robustness Simple and rugged construction because there is no current
carrying moving parts.
v) Accuracy Capable of giving good accuracy like 2%

Disadvantages
i) Scale The scale of MI instrument is not uniform and is cramped at the

lower end and therefore accurate readings are not possible at this end.
ii) Errors These instruments are subjected to serious errors due to
Hysteresis, frequency changes and stray magnetic field.
iii) Difference between AC and DC calibrations There is a difference
between DC and AC calibrations on account of effect of inductance and
eddy current when the meter is used on AC. Hence they must be
calibrated for frequencies at which they are used.
45. What are the main types of instrument used as ammeters and voltmeters?
i) Permanent magnet moving coil ii) Moving iron
iii) Electrodynamometer iv) Hot wire
v) Thermocouple vi) Induction
vii) Electrostatic viii) Rectifier
46. What are the operating forces needed for indication instruments?
i) Deflecting force :
The force required for moving the pointer from its zero position
ii) Controlling force :
The force required to bring the pointer to final steady state position without over
shoot and to bring back the pointer to zero when deflecting force is absent.
iii) Damping force :
The force required to bring the pointer to final steady stat
position quickly without oscillations.
47. What is the control system used for producing control force?
i) Gravity control ii) Spring control
48. What are the advantages of spring control over gravity control?
Advantages
i) Gravity control can be used only in vertically mounted instruments.

ii)The Scale used in gravity control type instruments is cramped at the lower
end. Hence not uniform.
49. What are the damping systems used in instrument?
i) Air friction damping ii) Eddy current damping iii) Fluid friction
damping
50. What is meant by eddy current damping?
When a conductor moves in a magnetic field an emf is induced in it and if a

closed path is provided, a current flows known as eddy current. This current
interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque, which opposes
the deflecting torque.
51. What are the differences between voltmeter and ammeter?
There is no fundamental difference in their operating principles. In an ammeter a
current to be measured produces the deflecting torque. In a voltmeter a current,

which is proportional to the voltage to be measured produces this torque. Since
ammeters are connected in series in the circuit, they should have a low resistance.
Voltmeters are connected in parallel and their internal resistance in high.

PART-B
1.Explain ohm's law ? (AU DEC 10)
2.Which are the three basic circuit parameters ? State their V-I relationships ?
(AU MAY 03)

3.Problem : Find the magnitudes of total current ,current through R1 and R2 if R1
=10 ,R2 =20 , V=50 V (AU MAY 04)

5.problem:
What is the supply voltage V in order to get 1 ampere in 3 resistor ?
(AU MAY 11)

6.Problem :
Calculate the current in the 50 ohms resistor in the network shown in the
figure using mesh analysis (AU MAY 09)

7.Calculate the current in 20 ohm resistor in the circuit shown below(AU MAY 09)

8.Use mesh analysis to determine the three mesh currents in the circuits? (AU
MAY 10)
9.Calculate the voltage across the 15 ohms resistor in the network shown below
using nodal analysis: (AU MAY 08)

10.Using the nodal method find the current through 8 resistor ? (AU MAY 12)
11.Derive the expressions for impedence ,power factor and current of a R-L series
circuit connected across the alternating current source.Also draw the phasor
diagram? (AU MAY 11)

12.A series circuit of R= 10 and Xc =15 has an applied phasor voltage V=50
900V rms .Find the real power ,reactive power, complete power and power
factor. (AU MAY 12)

13.Problem :
A series R-C circuit with R =20 and C= 127 F has 160 V ,50 Hz supply
connected to it .Find the impedence ,current ,power factor and power. (AU MAY
08)
14.Problem :
Two coils of impedence 25.23 370 and 18.65 680 are connected in series
across a 230 V ,50 Hz supply .Find the total impedence ,current ,power
factor,apparent power and reactive power. (AU MAY 11)

15.Three impedances of 42 350 are connected in delta to a three phase ,three
wire ,350 volts ABC system.Find the line currents. (AU MAY 07)
16.Three similar coils connected in star ,take a power of 1.5 kW at power factor of
0.2 lagging from a 3 phase ,400 V,50 Hz supply.Calculate the resistance and
inductance of each coil . (AU MAY 07)

17.With the help of neat diagram explain the construction and working of PMMC
type of instrument ? (AU DEC 09)

18.Explain the principle of operation of attraction and repulsion type of moving
iron instruments with neat sketches ? (AUDEC 11)

Moving iron replusion type instrument :
Concentric vane repulsion type instrument :

19.With the neat diagram explain the construction and principle of operation of
dynamometer type wattmeter ? (AU DEC 09)


Unit 1

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MAHALAKSHMI

Sub. Code : GE 6252 Semester : II

Subject : BEEE Unit : I

2.State ohm's law? (AU MAY 10)

3.State Kirchhoff's laws ? (AU MAY 04)

Kirchhoff's current law:

The algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a junction point is

EEE DEPT/MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,TRICHY-621213 Page 1

4.Define r.m.s value of the alternating quantity? (AU MAY 09)

7.Define power factor ? (AU MAY 08)

As cosaine of the phase angle determines the power consumption in a.c

8.List any type of indicating instruments? (AU MAY 08)

9.What are the advantages of electromechanical measuring instruments? (AU

The various advantages of measuring instruments are simple in design ,reliable

EEE DEPT/MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,TRICHY-621213 Page 2

1. Define Electric Current.

Electric current is defined as rate of flow of electric charge

current that flows when I coulomb of charge is transferred in one second.

2. Define Electrical potential.

Where W is the work done in joules.

3. What is meant by resistance?

This parameter measured in Ohms is responsible for energy dissipation.

5. State Ohms law.

When the temperature remains constant, current flowing through a

EEE DEPT/MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,TRICHY-621213 Page 3

E I (Temperature being constant)

Where R the constant of proportionally, becomes the resistance when E is in Volts

6. What is meant by electrical power?

We may write this as

7. What is meant by electric energy?

8. State Kirchoffs laws

Kirchoffs Current Law (I Law)

flowing away from it.

Kirchoffs Voltage Law (II Law)

9. Write the general form of mesh analysis.

[R] [I] = [V]

EEE DEPT/MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,TRICHY-621213 Page 4

---- = ---- + ----

---- = ---- + ----

13. Mention the limitations of Ohms law.

1. Ohms law does not apply to all non-metallic conductors.

3. Ohms law is true for metal conductors at constant temperature. If the

14. Give different forms of expression for electrical power.

EEE DEPT/MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,TRICHY-621213 Page 5

E = Voltage, I = Current, R = resistance.

15 . What is meant by alternating quantity?

16. What is meant by cycle?

One complete set of positive and negative values of an alternation quantity.

17. Define time period.

18. Define frequency.

The number of cycles occurring per second is called frequency

19. Define amplitude. The maximum value, either positive or negative, of an

20. What is meant by average value?

Average Value = Area the square curve for one cycle

EEE DEPT/MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,TRICHY-621213 Page 6

Form factor = --------------------

22. Define crest (peak) factor.

Crest (peak) factor = ---------------------

Where e, i are instantaneous values of voltage and current respectively.

Em, Im are maximum voltage and current respectively.

w angular velocity, T Time period.

24. Define inductance.

Because of this change in flux, a voltage is induced in the circuit proportional to