Electrical Engineering (9039) Experiment No.

Experiment No. 5

1.0 TITLE :
To observe sinusoidal A.C. waveform on C.R.O. and to determine its frequency, time period, peak
value, RMS value, peak factor and form factor.

2.0 PRIOR CONCEPTS :

1. Generation of single phase A.C. voltage and current.
2. Equation of single phase A.C. voltage and current.
3. Knowledge of operation of C.R.O.

3.0 NEW CONCEPTS :

Proposition 1 : Sinusoidal A.C. waveform
• The graph between an alternating quantity (voltage or current) and time is called waveform.
• In general the waveform of AC voltage or current is sinusoidal i.e. sine waveform therefore
such a voltage or current is called as sinusoidal AC.
Concept Structure 1 :

Proposition 2 : Time period and frequency.

• The number of cycles made per second by an alternating quantity is called its frequency. It is
denoted by f and measured in cycles/sec. or Hertz (Hz).
• Time taken in seconds by an alternating quantity to complete one cycle is called time period.
It is denoted by T

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Experiment No. 5 Electrical Engineering (9039)

Concept Structure 2 :

Proposition 3 : Peak value and RMS value

• The maximum value Positive or Negative which an alternating quantity attempts during one
complete cycle is called Peak value.
• The RMS value is equivalent value of current which produced same amount of heat as that
value of steady (D.C.) current through same resistance for same time.
Concept Structure 3 :

Proposition 4 : Peak factor and Form factor

• The ratio of Maximum value to RMS value of an A.C. quantity is called as Peak factor.
• The ratio of RMS value to Average value of an A.C. quantity is called as Form factor.

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Electrical Engineering (9039) Experiment No. 5

Concept Structure 4 :

4.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

4.1 Intellectual Skills
1. To understand and establish the co-relation between time period and frequency.
2. To discriminate between peak value, RMS value and average value of sine waveform.
4.2 Motor Skills
1. Ability to make the connections for the experiment.
2. Ability to measure the peak value and time period of sine waveform on C.R.O.
3. Ability to calculate form factor and peak factor for sine wave.
Specific Information :
1. A step down transformer is required for a lower voltage and for isolation, since low voltage is
desirable for being fed to the C.R.O. and it is also desirable to isolate the circuit from the
mains.
2. For observing current, it is usual practice to add a small resistance ‘r’ in series with the circuit
and the voltage across it is observed. Interpreting it as ‘current’

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Experiment No. 5 Electrical Engineering (9039)

5.0 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

6.0 EQUIPMENTS :
1. Single phase transformer 230V / 12 V
2. Rheostats : R (…….….Ω ..…….. A) and r ( …………Ω ……….A)
3. C.R.O. with two probes.

7.0 STEPWISE PROCEDURE :

1. Make the connection as shown in the circuit diagram to observe the waveform of voltage or
current on C.R.O.
2. The sensitivities and time base of the CRO are adjusted such that the wave form of current
or voltage can be observed properly.
3. In between a and o the waveform of voltage can be seen and in between b and o the wave
form of current can be seen.
4. Measure the Time period and Peak value of sine waveform on C.R.O. and note down the
same.
5. Calculate frequency = 1/T Hz.
6. Calculate average value = 0.637 of peak value.
7. Calculate rms value = 0.707 of peak value.
8. Calculate form factor = rms value / average value.
9. Calculate peak factor = max value / rms value.
10. Switch off the supply and disconnect the circuit.

8.0 OBSERVATIONS :
1. Time period of A.C. waveform = T = …………………….divisions
2. Peak value of A.C. waveform = ………………….. divisions

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Electrical Engineering (9039) Experiment No. 5

9.0 10.0 CALCULATIONS :

1. Time period of A.C. waveform = T = ( ………div X ……..Time/div) = ………..Sec.
2. Frequency of A.C. waveform = f = 1/T = ………………..Hz or c/s
3. Peak value of A.C. waveform = ( ………..div X …………. volts/div)
= ……………….volts ( for voltage)
= ………………. Amps ( for current)
4. Rms value of A.C. waveform = Peak value X 0.707 = …………….
5. Average value of A.C. waveform = Peak value X 0.637 = …………….

6. Peak factor = = —————————— = ——————————

7. Form factor = = —————————— = ——————————

11.0 RESULT :
The following values of sinusoidal A.C. waveform have been determined
1. Time period = …………. sec.
2. Frequency = ………….. Hz
3. Peak value = …………. V or ……………. A
4. Rms value = ………….. V or ……………. A
5. Peak factor = …………….
6. Form factor = …………….

12.0 CONCLUSION :
Sinusoidal A.C. wave form of …………………(voltage/current) have been observed on C.R.O.

13.0 QUESTIONS :
Write answers to Q ………, Q ………,Q ………, Q ……… (Question numbers to be allotted by
the teacher)
1. State the meaning of A.C. and D.C. quantity.
2. State three advantages of A.C. over D.C.
3. An AC waveform has a time period of 20 m sec. What is its frequency?
4. Draw the phasor diagram of V and I for the Pure Resistive, Pure Inductive and Pure Capacitive
circuit .
5. If the RMS voltage of the AC waveform is 230V. What is its Peak Value?
6. Which value is indicated by electrical measuring instruments?
7. State the three types of A.C. wave forms.
8. What is the value of frequency adopted for A.C. generation in our country?

(Space for Answer)

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Experiment No. 5 Electrical Engineering (9039)

(Space for answers)

Signature of Teacher

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