2012 Transport Test

1. A fluid of density 801 kg/m3 and viscosity 1.49x10-3 Pa.s flows through a circular pipe of
inside diameter 40.89mm at a constant mass flow rate of 4.81 kg/s. The pipe roughness is
0.046 mm, and the length is 61m. The pipe exit is 5m above the pipe entrance.
a. Find the frictional forces acting on the fluid.
b. If a pump provides energy to the fluid but has an efficiency of 75%, find the power
required.
c. How much less power will be required if the pipe is smooth ie pipe roughness is 0
mm? Express your answer as a percentage.
2. Particles of diameter 0.1mm, sphericity 0.86, and density 1200 kg/m3 are in a circular bed of
diameter 0.6 m. The mass of solids in the bed is 350 kg, and the viscosity of the fluid is
1.85x10-5 Pa.s. The bed voidage is approximately 0.43. If the temperature is 25oC and the
pressure is 202.65 kPa, find:
a. The minimum height of the fluidised bed
b. The pressure drop at minimum fluidisation
c. The velocity of minimum fluidisation
3. Oil flows down a flat plate exposed to the atmosphere, angled at degrees from the
vertical. By performing a shell balance, find expressions for:
a. The velocity of the oil at any point
b. The average velocity of the oil. Simplify your answer by expressing it in terms of the
maximum velocity of the oil.
4. A current generates heat in a wire vessel of radius 91.4 mm with constant heat generation in
the centre of the wire of 2500 W/m2. At the outer point of the wire, the temperature is 311
K, and the heat transfer coefficient of the material, k = 0.865 W/mK. What is the
temperature in the centre of the wire?