WEL-COME

THE MS UNIVERSITY OF BARODA

POLYTECHNIC

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Second sem., S.y.d.civil

Roll no: 34 to 44
MIXING OF CONCRETE
TOPICS:
1. WHAT IS CONCRETE
2. INGRADIENTS OF CONCRETE
3. VARIOUS TYPES OF CONCRETE
4. PROPOSTIONING OF CONCRETE
5. BATCHING OF CONCRETE
6. WATER CEMENT RATIO
7. MIXING OF CONCRETE
8. SLUMP TEST
9. WORKABILITY
CONCRETE
It is simply defined as the mixture of
cement , fine aggregates , coarse aggregates , water
, admixtures
Concrete used on worked is specified according to
IS 456(2000) .
It is one of the very important and widely used
material in construction .
concrete = binder + fillers

Cement , Fine aggregates

water, and coarse
admixture aggregates
(which occupies
around 60%)
 INGREDIENT
If fills up voids existing in fine aggregates.
cement It provides strength and binding properties to the
concrete mixture.

The particles which passes from IS sieve 4.75 mm &

should be retained from 75 micron is known as fine
Fine aggregates.
aggregate It should not contain any organic material.
The main function of fine aggregate is to fill-up voids
existing in coarse aggregates.

The particles which are retained through IS sieve 4.75

Coarse
is known as coarse aggregates.
aggregate
Coarse aggregates should be hard & strong to give
enough strength and durability to concrete.
 INGREDIENT
Water acts as a lubricant for the aggregates and
gives workability to the concrete.
Water
The quality of concrete depends on the quality and
quantity of the water added.

Admixtures or additives as required by situation,

Admixture ingredients added to concrete or mortar modifies its
properties immediately before or after mixing.
 Admixtures
1. Chemical admixture
(for specific property i.e. performance &
enhancement)
2. mineral admixture
(for improvement of long term strength & durability)
others :
Air entraining admixtures.
High range of water reduces or super plasticizers.
Normal range of water reducers or plasticizers &
retarders.
 Types of concrete

According to design of
concrete:

P.C.C. (Plain cement concrete)

R.C.C. (Reinforcement cement concrete)
B.B.C.C. (Brick bats cement concrete)
B.B.L.C (Brick bats lime concrete)
According to grade it is
defined as:
M7.5 1:4:8
M10 1:3:6
M15 1:4:8
M20 1:1.5:3
M25 1:1:2

The grade of concrete is specified by its 28 Days

cube strength ( e.g. M20 means the cube strength
is 20 N/sq. mm)
 PROPORTIONING OF
CONCRETE
Methods
By designing the concrete mix.
By adopting nominal mix.
Arbitrary method.
Fineness
modulus of method.
Maximum density method.
Maximum voids method.
w/c ratio method (water cement ratio).
BATCHING OF CONCRETE
Batching is the process of measurement of
specified quantity of ingredient in correct
proportion batching is done by two process.
1. By volume batching :
Batching by volume means measuring
ingredient of concrete by its volume.
2 . By weigh batching :
Batching is done according to the weight of
ingredients. It is more preferable method to
volume batching.
 Batching

The equipment falls into three

categories in both batching process
as follow:
1. Manual batching
2. Semi-automatic batching
3. Fully-automatic batching
 Volume batching
Batching by volume means the measurement of ingredients is
done by volume.
Generally cement is measured by weight or number of bags.
Batching of aggregate should be done with the Forma or
Cage Box
Batching of water is done with the help of calibrated canes &
the measuring accuracy should be within 1%.
Batching of admixture should be done as same accuracy for
cement (mineral admixture) and water (chemical admixture).
For e.g. proportion (1:2:4)
i.e. 1 part of cement
2 part of sand
3 part of coarse aggregates
 weigh batching

Batching is done by the weight of ingredient. It is

more preferable than volume batching. It is more
accurate & needs more uniform proportioning.
 Water-cement ratio
For the process of hydration dry mix of ingredients , the water is
added.
The water make the concrete mix workable.

w/c ratio= water

cement

According to Abrams w/c law , lesser the w/c ratio in a workable

mix , greater will be the strength.
The lower water content will produce stiff paste having greater
binding strength will be increase.
Higher water will increase the workability but decrease the strength
of the concrete mix.
Generally a minimum w/c ratio is taken 0.3 by weight.

Typical values are 0.4 to 0.6 .

 Water cement ratio

For different ratio of concrete the amount of water for 50 kg

of cement is as below:

Concrete ratio quantity Water

1:3:6 34 litre
1:2:4 30 litre
1:1.5:3 27 litre
1:1:2 25 litre
 Mixing of the concrete

For producing the homogeneous mass of concrete , the

ingredient are mixed . Depending upon the
requirement , quality , quantity , etc, the method of
mixing is decided.
Generally there are two methods for mixing the
concrete ,
o 1. hand mixing :
by manual labors
Small works
o 2 . Machine mixing :
For big works where requirement is continuous
Mixed automatically in batching plants
 Hand mixing
In this type , the mixing is done by manual labors.
This method is adopted for small construction
works .
Requirement of cement is more than machine
mixing (10%).
Normally the mixing time is about 3 minutes.
Hand mixing procedure

Construction of platform of bricks , lean concrete

or iron-sheet.
Spread-out sand evenly , spread cement on it.
Mix it till the color of mixing become uniform.
Spread this mixture & spread coarse admixture
then mix it.
During mix it remaining water should be added
with continuation process.
Time for mix is generally 2 to 3 minutes.
Hand mixing
 Machine mixing
This is similar to hand mixing only the mixing is
carried out in a rotating drum
 Machine mixing

For machine mixing , all the ingredients of concrete

including water are collected in a revolving drum
and then the drum is rotated for a certain period.
Machine mixing
 Machine mixing
Types of machine mixing
1. Manual mixer
2. Electrical mixer
3. Fuel mixer
 RMC
( Ready Mix Concrete )

Ready mix concrete is type of concrete that is

manufactured in a factory or batching plant ,
according to design and then delivered to a work
site , by transit truck.
RMC is bought and sold by volume.
The truck carries a mix in a revolving chamber
which like the concrete mixer . It prevents the
segregation of concrete .
 RMC
( Ready Mix Concrete )

It is manufactured
under computer-
controlled operations
and transported and
placed at the site of
constructed.
 RMC
( Ready Mix Concrete )
Advantages of ready mix
concrete
Better quality concrete is produced.
storage space for basic materials at site is not
required .
Wastage of basic materials are avoided.
 Workability
It is desirable that freshly mixed concrete be
relatively easy to transport , place , compact and
finish without harmful segregation.

A concrete mix satisfying these condition is said to

be workable.

Use of aggregates which are round and have

smooth surface increases the workability.
 Slump Test
This test is performed for getting rough idea of workability.
Procedure:
Place frustum on the base plate.
Fill the wet concrete mixture in the cone in three equal layers.
Compact each layer 25 times using compacting steel rod and
the top surface is struck off by means of a sawing and rolling
motion of the temping rod.
The cone is slowly lifted and observed the slump.
Invert the frustum and place it close to the collapsed concrete.
Measure and record the slump and type of slump.
The slum can be measure as shown in figure.
Slump test
 Slump test
Results:
There are three types of slump that can happen
which are:
True slump
Shear slump
Collapsed slump as shown in the below figure.
Slump test
Group members

Jadav Keyur
Jangid Rinku
Joshi Parth
Kachipulav Ishtiyaq
Kachot Nilesh
Kadam Karan
Kadu Mayur
Katariya Kiran
Kharva Nehal
Kharva Jaina
We are thankful to.

All respected lecturers and all supported

members for preparation of this presentation

Special thank to,

Lafarge Pvt. Ltd., Harni (Baroda)
(RMC batching plant)
 Thank you
To all of you