06/11/2017 Keyless Bushings for power transmission

Mechanical Design Handbook

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Improve math skills of your kids - Learn step-by-step arithmetic from Math games

Math: Unknown - Step-by-step math calculation game for iOS.

Download on the App Store | Facebook | Website

Math: Unknown | Step-by-step Math Game for those who seriousl

Math: Unknown is much more than a math game. It is a step-by-step math calculation game which will teach
users how to calculate in the correct order rather than just asking only the final calculated results.

The app consists of four basic arithmetic operations which are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
In order to get started, users who are new to arithmetic can learn from animated calculation guides showing step-
by-step procedures of solving each type of operation. It is also helpful for experienced users as a quick reference.

Generally, addition and subtraction may be difficult for users who just start learning math especially when
questions require carrying or borrowing (also called regrouping). The app helps users to visualize the process of
carrying and borrowing in the way it will be done on paper. Once users understand how these operations work,
they are ready to learn multiplication and division.

For most students, division is considered as the most difficult arithmetic operation to solve. It is a common area
of struggle since it requires prior knowledge of both multiplication and subtraction. To help users understand
division, the app uses long division to teach all calculation procedures. Relevant multiplication table will be
shown beside the question. Users will have to pick a number from the table which go into the dividend.
Multiplication of selected number and divisor is automatically calculated, but the users have to do subtraction and
drop down the next digit themselves. Learning whole calculation processes will make them master it in no time.

Math: Unknown is a helpful app for students who seriously want to improve arithmetic calculation skills.

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06/11/2017 Keyless Bushings for power transmission

Keyless Bushings for power transmission

There are several methods to connect shaft and hub together for power transmission. Let's
nd the advantage of using keyless bushings from Fenner compared with other traditional
connection methods.

Traditional Connection Methods

Interference Fits (Shrink and Press)
A shrink t is a procedure whereby heat is used to facilitate a mechanical interference t
between two pieces of metal, such as a steel shaft and hub. Extreme heat is applied to the
hub, causing it to expand and increasingthe size of its machined bore. Theexpanded hub
is removed from theheat source and quickly positionedonto the shaft. As the hub
cools,its bore contracts back to its original machined dimension, effectively shrinking the
hub onto the shaft.

A press t achieves the same end as a shrink t a mechanical interference t between a

steel shaft and hub but does so through different means. Press ts rely on the
application of simple brute force to press the hub onto the shaft. Interference ts offer
several advantages, such as zero backlash and uniform t pressures, but these advantages
come at a price. High capacity interference ts require long t lengths, close tolerances,
expensive and sometimes hazardous heat sources or hydraulic presses, and eld
maintenance is extremely di cult. Finally, separated components can rarely be re-used.

Keys, Keyways and Splines

The centuries-old industry standard shaft-to-hub mounting technique is the key and
keyway. While ubiquitous and intuitively easy to understand, the key and keyway is a
remarkably ineffective technology. Machining a keyway into a shaft is not inexpensive, nor
is the equipment required to do so, though these costs are often unknown or overlooked.
Keyways introducenotch factors, which account for thereduced effective cross section
andabridged fatigue life that occurswhen a shaft is keyed and lead, inturn, to systematic
over-sizing ofshaft diameters. This translates tomore shaft material and weight,larger
bearings and other drivecomponents, and increased cost.

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The combined effect of these clearances is backlash. In applications with frequent

starts/stops, direction changes, and/or shock overloads, this backlash can lead to
pounded out keyways, fatigue failures, fretting corrosion or some combination of these
failure modes. Nor do keys and keyways lend themselves to motion control applications,
since backlash erodes the accuracy of motion pro les over time.

A splined connection is simply a series of keys and keyways that suffers the same
limitations and drawbacks associated with a single keyed connection. Manufacturing costs
are high, especially on hollow shafts, and special surface treatment is often required to
increase strength.

Why Go Keyless
Todays global marketplace demands precise, e cient machines that optimize productivity
while minimizing material and fabrication costs. When compared to traditional connection
methods, Fenner Drives Keyless Bushings offer the following advantages:

A mechanical interference t with a uniform pressure distribution similar to that

achieved through a shrink or press t.
A true zero backlash shaft-to-hub connection with none of the operational drawbacks
of keyways or splines.
The ability to mount on plain shafting, which need not beover-sized to compensate
for notch factors. This allows the use of smaller shafts and bearings for more cost
effective designs.
The exibility to mount over existing keyways if desired.
Straight bore machining of the mounted component, generous machining tolerances
and as-turned surface nishes.
Complete axial and radial adjustability.
Simple installation, adjustment and removal, even in the eld.

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06/11/2017 Keyless Bushings for power transmission

Principles of Operation
Though offered in many shapes and sizes, Fenner Drives Keyless Bushings and Specialty
Locking Devices all operate using the simple wedge principle. An axial force is applied by
either a hex nut or a series of annular screws to engage circular steel rings with mating
tapers. In the case of keyless bushings, the resulting wedge action creates a radial force on
the tapered rings, one of which contracts to squeeze the shaft while the other expands and
presses into the component bore.

In the case of specialty locking devices, similar tapered geometry generates a radial force
that is concentrated (in the case of Shrink Discs) around a solid steel hub, squeezing so
tightly that the hub shrinks onto the underlying shaft, or (in the case of WK Series
Couplings) simultaneously onto two solid shaft ends to form a high- capacity rigid
coupling.

In all cases, the product of the radial force applied to the shaft, the radius of that shaft and
the coe cient of friction between the surfaces being joined equals the rated torque
capacity of the connection.

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Source: http://www.fennerdrives.com/

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August 22, 2014 at 7:52 PM

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