Description

Paragis is an annual, erect, tufted, glabrous grass, 10 centimeters to 1 meter in height.

Leaves are 10 to 30 centimeters long, sometimes involute when dry, 3 to 7 millimeters
wide, distichous, rather flaccid, with flattened sheaths. Spikes are 3 to 6, all in a terminal
whorl, or one or two lower down, 2.5 to 10 centimeters long, 3 to 5 millimeters thick.
Spikelets are very numerous, crowded, 3- to 5-flowered, 3 to 4 millimeters long, the first
glume 1-nerved and small, the second, 3-nerved, and the third and succeeding ones
ovate, acute.

Properties
- Plant considered diuretic, antihelminthic, diaphoretic, febrifuge.
- Studies have shown anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antidiabetic, phytoremediative,
pancreatic lipase inhibitory, antioxidant, antileishmanial, antioxidant, cytotoxic
properties.
Benefits
Inhibition of Airway Inflammatory Processes: C-glycosylflavones from the aerial
parts of Eleusine indica inhibit LPS-induced mouse lung inflammation: Study may justify
the popular use of EI against airway inflammatory disorders. (3)
Apoptotic Induction Activity: Study of grass extracts of D. aegyptium and Eleusine
indica showed selective inhibitory growth inhibition effect on human lung cancer and
cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The activity was probably mediated through induction of
apoptosis. (5)
Antiplasmodial / Antidiabetic: Study evaluated an ethanolic leaf extract of E. indica
as antidiabetic and malarial remedy. Results showed significant (p<0.01-0.001)
schizonticidal activity during early and established infections with significant mean
survival time. Treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats a leaf extract caused significant
reduction in fasting blood glucose levels in acute and prolonged treatment study. (6)
Nutritional Potential / Fodder: Study showed the dry matter content to be 35.8%,
crude protein 12.4%. Forage was found to be fairly palatable when fed to goats, with no
adverse effect. E. indica presents a potential alternative for the problem of green
roughage scarcity. (10)
Hepatoprotective/ Antioxidant: Study evaluated an aqueous extract of E. indica
against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in rats. Results showed
hepatoprotective effects which may be attributable to its antioxidant and free radical
scavenging property. The extract reduced the stable DPPH level in a dose-dependent
manner. (see constituents above) (11) Study concluded E. indica and T. latifolia could
be used as hepatoprotective agents with the potential for treatment or prevention of
degenerative diseases where oxidative stress is implicated. (16)
Antibacterial/ Antioxidant:Study evaluated various extracts of Eleucine indica for
antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects. A MeTH extract showed the highest
total phenolic contents and scavenging activity on DPPH assay. An ethyl acetate extract
showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria except B.
subtilis, while a hexane extract showed remarkable activity against methicillin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa. Study failed to show cytotoxicity against
tested cancer cell lines. (13)
Fodder / Nutrition Analysis:Study showed a dry matter content of 35.8% and crude
protein content of 12.4%. The forage was found fairly palatable with no adverse effects
when fed to goats and suggests a potential source for green roughage during periods of
scarcity. (14)
EDTA-Assisted Heavy Metal Phytoremediation: Study showed the possibility of
using the grass E. indica for phytoremediation especially phytostabilization of Cu, Cr
and possible phytoextraction of Pb. (15)
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity / Obesity Treatment Potential: Study
evaluated the lipase inhibitory activities of methanolic extracts of thirty two selected
medicinal plants in Malaysia for potential use in the treatment of obesity. Eleusine indica
showed the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of 31.36%, with no significant
difference between its methanol extract and the standard drug Orlistat. (17)
Antiplasmodial / Antidiabetic / Leaves: Study an ethanolic leaf extract of Eleusine
indica for antiplasmodial activity in Plasmodium berghei infected mice and antidiabetic
activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results showed significant (p<0.01-0.001)
schizonticidal activity during early and established infection, comparable to standard
drug chloroquine. Leaf extract showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in FBS of alloxan-
induced diabetic rats. (20)
Mineral Analysis: In a study of 10 grasses for mineral analysis, Eragrostis amabilis
and Eleusine indica showed large amounts of major and minor elements which suggest
potential for cultivation to fulfill mineral deficiency in livestock feeding. (see constituents
above) (21)
Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil: Study evaluated the potential of two weed
plants (Eleusine indica and Panicum maximum) and a crop plant (Pennisetum glaucum)
in remediation of crude oil contaminated soil. Of the three, P. glaucum showed greatest
potential to remediate. E. indica had greatest impact on soil with 2%, 3%, and 4% levels
of crude oil. (22)
Antioxidant / Cytotoxic / Antileishmanial / Leaves: Study evaluated an ethanol leaf
extract of Eleusine indica for cytotoxicity activity against HeLa cells, antioxidative burst
activity, and antileishmanial activity. The extract showed moderate cytostatic activity,
significantly inhibited oxidative burst activity and also exhibited moderate antileishmanial
activity against promastigotes of Leishmania major inn vitro. (23)
Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type-Activity: Study evaluated the antiviral activity of
methanol extract of E. indica whole plant in relation to mode of action, attachment,
penetration or virucidal activity. Results suggest E. indica is safe with an antiviral and
prophylactic potential via inhibition of viral attachment, penetration, and virucidal effect.
(25) MTT screening against Vero of crude extract showed the crude extract and hexane
fraction showed non-cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 2.07 and 5.62 mg/ml, respectively.
The antiviral activity towards HSV-1 for the ME and hexane fraction were 12.2 and 6.2,
respectively. (27)
Crude Oil Remediating Potential: Study compared the crude oil-remediating
potential of Cynodon dactylon and Eleusine indica in a completely randomized
experimental screenhouse design. Results showed E. indica has a higher crude oil
pollutant remediating potential on soil than C. dactylon. (28)
Lipid-Lowering Effects on High-Fat-Diet Hyperlipidemic Rats: Study investigated
the lipid-lowering effects of various extracts of E. indica using both in vitro and in vivo
models. Hexane extract exhibited strong potential in the inhibition of porcine pancreatic
lipase (27.015.68%). Acute oral toxicity on animal models was Category 5 (low hazard)
on the Globally Harmonized System with no observed mortality, clinical toxicity
symptoms, and pathologic changes. The HE also significantly reduced body weight,
improved serum lipid profile, with reduction in TC, LDL, triglycerides and increase in
HDL. (30)
Antimicrobial / Antidiarrheal / Anthelmintic: Study evaluated the antimicrobial
activity of E. indica on selected pathogens usually associated with diarrhea i.e., S.
dysenteriae, E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, S. faecalis and L. lactis. Results showed
concentration dependent antimicrobial activity with the aqueous extract showing highest
susceptibility. Plant also showed marked anthelmintic activity against Strongyloides
stercoralis. (31)

http://www.stuartxchange.org/Paragis

Interview
Full Name
Age
Years of exercising in gym

1. Paano ka na-encourage na mag-gym?

2. What can you say sa nakita mong pagbabago sa iyong katawan?
3. Are your gym sessions regular? How frequent?
4. Paano nakakatulong yung pagji-gym nyo sa stress ninyo sa academic life?
5. Ano ang influence na nabring ng pagji-gym sa pag-aaral ninyo (like for instance
disiplina na nadadala nyo sa study habits)?
6. Ano ang mga positibong naidulot ng pagji-gym mo sa performance mo sa school?
7.Gaano kahelpful ang paggym nyo in relation sa pag-aaral ninyo?
8. Overall experience ng pagji-gym mo in relation sa pag-aaral mo
Patricia Nuique Bula
19

1. Kasabay ko kasi mag gym yong bestfriend ko.

2. masaya ako kasi kaya ako naggym para magkaron ng abs.
3. yes. twice a week
4. It helps a lot. kumbaga nakakapagrelease sya ng negative energy mot of the time.
5. Gym x school life is almost the same. To be able na makuha mo ang gusto mong
figure krlangan mo ng disiplina at syempre time management.
6. Not just physically fit ka it brings emotional and intellectual ability to do such task.
7. Siguro it makes me motivated all the time like sa gym my goal ako katulad ng sa
pagaaral may goal ka din na iniseset para maabot mo yung pangarap mo.
8. Super happy. Sobrang nakakatulong ito na idisiplina ko ang sarili ko especially in
school matters. Hindi ko hinahayaan na masira ang katawan ko using gadgets bagkus
im doing this to be physically fit.