Philosophy and Logic

I. Philosophy
A. Philosophy
B. Division of Philosophy
1. Epistemology
2. Metaphysics
3. Axiology
4. Ethics
5. Logic
6. Cosmology
7. Philosophy of Man/Philosophy of human person
8. Social and Political Philosophy
9. Theodicy
10. Aesthetics
C. Classical Philosophy
1. What is Idealism
2. What is Naturalism
3. What is Realism
4. What is Liberalism
5. What is Humanism
D. Modern Philosophy
1. What is Positivism
2. What is Communism
3. What is Fascism
4. What is Existentialism
5. What is Pragmatism
E. Eastern Philosophy
1. What is Hinduism
a. What are social classes of Hindu as caste system?
1) Brahmins
2) Kshatriyas
3) Vaisyas
4) Sudras
b. What are four main collections of Vedas (sacred text)?
1) Rig Veda
2) Yajur Veda
3) Sama Veda
4) Athana Veda
2. What is Buddhism
a. What are the two major division of Buddhism?
1) Theravada or Way of the Elders
2) Mahayana or Great Vehicle
b. What are the four noble truths advocated by Buddha?
1) Life is suffering (duhka)
2) The cause of suffering is desire
3) The end of suffering is to stop desire
 4) To stop desire is to follow the Noble Eight-fold Path
c. What are the Noble Eight-fold Path?
1) Right View
2) Right Resolve
3) Right Speech
4) Right Action
5) Right Livelihood
6) Right Effort
7) Right Concentration
8) Right Contemplation
3. What is Confucianism
a. What are the key concepts in Confucian thoughts?
1) Rites
2) Humaneness
3) The Perfect Gentleman/Exemplary Person
4) Proper Governance
5) Meritocracy
6) Filial Piety
7) Loyalty
8) Rectification of names
4. What is Shintoism

II. Logic
A. The Nature and Meaning of Logic
B. Correct Reasoning or Inference: End Task in Logic
1. Reasoning
2. Argument
3. Syllogism
4. Validity of Inference
5. Formal Validity
6. Material Validity
7. Soundness
8. Truth
C. Three Mental Operations: The key to Correct Inferential Thinking
1. Simple Apprehension
2. Judgment
3. Reasoning
D. Categorical Proposition
1. Four Elements
a. Quantifier
b. Subject term
c. Predicate term
d. Copula
2. Standard Form: subject-copula-predicate
3. Quantity of Categorical Proposition
4. Quality of Categorical Proposition
5. Four Standard Form of Categorical Proposition
 a. Universal/Singular Affirmative Proposition
b. Universal/Singular Negative Proposition
c. Particular Affirmative Proposition
d. Particular Negative Proposition
E. Fallacy: A Seemingly Sound Argument
1. The Types of Fallacy of Relevance
a. Argumentum ad Baculum or the Appeal to force
b. Argumentum ad misericordiam or the appeal to pity
c. Argumentum ad authoritatem or the appeal to misplaced authority
d. Argumentum ad hominem
e. Argumentum ad ignorantiam or the appeal to ignorance
f. Argumentum ad populum or the appeal to people
g. Petitio Pricipii or Begging the question/Circulus in probando or arguing in
circles
h. Ignoratio elennchi or ignoring the issue
i. Fallacy of false cause
j. Hasty Generalization
k. Special pleading
l. Black or white or the fallacy of broad disjunction
m. Fallacy of accident
n. A fortion fallacy
2. Fallacy of Ambiguity
a. Fallacy of Equivocation
b. Fallacy of Amphboly
c. Fallacy of Accent or prosody
d. Fallacy of Composition
e. Fallacy of division
f. Fallacy of false analogy
F. Induction
1. Analogy
2. Generalization
3. Causal Relation
G. Type of Analogy Tests
1. Single Approach
2. Paired Approach
3. Elimination Approach
4. Number Series or Completion Approach
5. Abstract Reasoning Approach

III. Y