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In set theory, a set A is called transitive if either of the following equivalent conditions hold:
Contents
1 Examples
2 Properties
3 Transitive closure
4 Transitive models of set theory
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Examples
Using the definition of ordinal numbers suggested by John von Neumann, ordinal numbers are defined as
hereditarily transitive sets: an ordinal number is a transitive set whose members are also transitive (and thus
ordinals). The class of all ordinals is a transitive class.
Any of the stages V and L leading to the construction of the von Neumann universe V and Gdel's
constructible universe L are transitive sets. The universes L and V themselves are transitive classes.
A set X which does not contain urelements is transitive if and only if it is a subset of its own power set,
The power set of a transitive set without urelements is transitive.
Transitive closure
The transitive closure of a set X is the smallest (with respect to inclusion) transitive set which contains X.
Suppose one is given a set X, then the transitive closure of X is
Note that this is the set of all of the objects related to X by the transitive closure of the membership relation.
A transitive set (or class) that is a model of a formal system of set theory is called a transitive model of the
system. Transitivity is an important factor in determining the absoluteness of formulas.
In the superstructure approach to non-standard analysis, the non-standard universes satisfy strong transitivity.[2]
See also
End extension
Transitive relation
Supertransitive class
References
1. "Number of rooted identity trees with n nodes (rooted trees whose automorphism group is the identity
group)." (https://oeis.org/A004111). OEIS.
2. Goldblatt (1998) p.161
Ciesielski, Krzysztof (1997), Set theory for the working mathematician, London Mathematical Society
Student Texts, 39, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-59441-3, Zbl 0938.03067
Goldblatt, Robert (1998), Lectures on the hyperreals. An introduction to nonstandard analysis, Graduate
Texts in Mathematics, 188, New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 0-387-98464-X, Zbl 0911.03032
Jech, Thomas (2008) [originally published in 1973], The Axiom of Choice, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-
486-46624-8, Zbl 0259.02051
External links
Weisstein, Eric W. "Transitive". MathWorld.