This document discusses various topics related to hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia including their causes, management, medications, and lab values. It defines hypertriglyceridemia and outlines treatment including niacin, fibrates, and omega-3. It also discusses genetic conditions like Tangier's disease and familial hypercholesterolemia. Common hyperlipidemia medications are outlined including statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe, and niacin. Desirable lipid levels are provided.
This document discusses various topics related to hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia including their causes, management, medications, and lab values. It defines hypertriglyceridemia and outlines treatment including niacin, fibrates, and omega-3. It also discusses genetic conditions like Tangier's disease and familial hypercholesterolemia. Common hyperlipidemia medications are outlined including statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe, and niacin. Desirable lipid levels are provided.
This document discusses various topics related to hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia including their causes, management, medications, and lab values. It defines hypertriglyceridemia and outlines treatment including niacin, fibrates, and omega-3. It also discusses genetic conditions like Tangier's disease and familial hypercholesterolemia. Common hyperlipidemia medications are outlined including statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe, and niacin. Desirable lipid levels are provided.
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA? And use? what are the forms of Management Toxicity of B3 vitamin of the condition? Cutaneous vasodilation It is a severe lipemia with sensation triglyceride of 200-300mg/dl Acanthosis nigricans Patients Develop: Eruptive insulin xanthomas, hepatomegaly, Not for Peptic ulcer patients hyperplasia, lipid foam in Elevation of liver bone marrow, liver & spleen aminotransferase Mgt: Niacin/Fibrates/Marine (Reversible) omega-3 Carbohydrate tolerance Hyperuricemia (gout) 2. What are the GENETIC conditions Blurring of distant vision characteristics of HDL deficiency? Birth defects (in animals) GENETIC DISORDER I. Tangiers disease 6. When is the use of statins II. Lecithin Cholesterol CONTRAINDICATED? And what are Acyltransferase Deficiency its TOXICITIES? III. Familial-alpha- STATINS C.I. & TOXICITIES lipoproteinemia-all decrease Pregnancy category X HDL levels Children should be > 16y/o Toxicity: 3. What is the role of FIBRIC ACID Increase serum DERIVATES OR FIBRATES? amminotransferase (esp in Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate (Fibrates) alchol abuse) Decrease secretion of VLDL Increase in creatine kinase & increase lipoprotein lipase leading to MYOPATHY activity 4. What are the different conditions 7. What common disorder is that belong to PRIMARY associated with increases incidence HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA? of coronary disease? CONDITIONS OF PRIMARY (with inc. VDL/LDL or both) ELEVATED CHOLESTEROL: FAMILIAL COMBINED 1) Familial HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA (FCH) hypercholesterolemia (TC= INC. VDL/LDL or BOTH 260-500mg/dL) Tx: Diet (not sufficient) 2) Familial ligand Defective Reductase Inhibitor apolipoprtein B-100 (pravastatin/rosuvastatin) + 3) Familial combined Niacin/fenofibrate = omega hyperlipoproteinemia (FCH) 3 4) LpHyperlipoproteinemia 5) Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease 8. What is HDL? What are its 11. Which drugs are members of 3- benefits? Hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-coenzyme High density Lipoprotein A reductase inhibitors that a.k.a. the good cholesterol decreases LDL, vascular exert an anti atherogenic inflammation and oxidative stress? effect; it secreted from the Hmg-CoA-Reductase liver & instestines inhibitors Or - Retrieves cholesterol STATINS from arterial walls Lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, Cigarette smoking & simvastatin, rosuvastatin Diabetes can decrease the & pitavastatin levels of HDL
9. What are BILE ACID 12. What can be used to manage
familial dysbetalioproteinemia with SEQUESTRANTS? Colestipol, Cholestyramine & increase chylomicron remnants & colesevalam VLDL? - Binds bile acid in the An Increase in GUT; prevents CHYLOMICRON reabsorption; decreases remnants/VLDL/total LDL cholesterol &triglyceride can be managed by; 10. What are the desirable values of - Weight loss HDL? Total cholesterol? LDL & - Decrease fat cholesterol - Decrease alcohol intake triglyceride? - Use of fibrates/niacin Measured in serum after 10 hours of - Use of reductase fasting TOTAL CHOLESTEROL inhibitors LDL HDL (MEN) 13. What is the role of NIACIN in HDL (WOMEN) lowering VLDL & LDL? TRIGLYCERIDE NIACIN or vitamin B3 DESIRABLE (mg/dL) (not niacinamide) <200 increases HDL & inhibits <130 secreation of both VLDL >40 & LDL. >50 - Decreases triglyceride if <120 combined with omega-3 BASED ON National Cholesterol - Can be used with resin or Education program reductase inhibitors to normalize LDL in most forms of hypercholesterolemia 14. What drug acts as STEROL TYPES: ABSORPTION INHIBITOR? LDL EZEMTIMIBE - Low density lipoprotein - Blocks sterol a.k.a. bad cholesterol transporter in intestines IDL brush border - Intermediate density - Inhibits reabsorption of lipoprotein (elevated cholesterol excreted in triglyceride and BILE cholesterol) - Decreases LDL & VDL phytosterols - Very low density lipoprotein (elevated 15. When is the BEST TIME to take triglyceride) STATINS? - Cholesterol synthesis occurs at NIGHT all EXCEPT atorvastatin and rosuvastatin should bee given in the EVENING (if SINGLE DOSE) - Absorption is enchanced by FOOD (except PRAVASTATIN) ROSUVASTATIN Is most efficacious at 5- 40mg/d for server hypercholesterolemia
16. What is APOLIPOPROTEIN B-
100? And what are its different types? APOLIPOPROETIN (APO) B-100 - Convey fats/lipids in the artery wall resulting to atherosclerosis