1. For the AC circuit given below calculate the value of I.

Solution-
The equivalent impedance is given by:
C R L
Z
C R L

j120 60 j 60
j120 60 j 60
j120
1 j
1 j
120 1 j

1 j
120

The value of current is given by:

V
I
Z
120

120
1A

2. What is the value of resistance R in the circuit given below.

Solution-
Apply KVL in first loop:
50 6 I m 7 I m 4 0
13I m 50 28
Im 6 A

Apply KVL in second loop:

7 6 4 4 R 0
14
R
4
3.5

Hence, the value of resistance R is 3.5 .

3. A 32 KVA transformer is operating on 0.8 lagging power factor. The no load losses are
500 W and supplying a current of 50 A and having parameters:
Re1 0.6
Re2 0.04

Calculate the efficiency of the transformer at full load.

Solution-
Given data,
KVA 32 KVA
Power factor, cos 0.8
Primary winding resistance, Re1 0.6
0.04
Secondary winding resistance referred to primary, Re2
Current, I 50 A

The Copper loss is given by:

Pc I 2 Re1 Re2
502 0.6 0.04
1600 W

Efficiency is given by:

 KVA cos
100%
KVA cos Pc Pi
32 1000 0.8
100%
32 1000 0.8 1600 500
92.42%

Hence, the efficiency is 92.42% .

4. What kVA rating is required for a transformer that must handle a maximum load current of 8 A
with a secondary voltage of 2 kV?

Solution-
The KVA is given as:
V I
KVA
1000
2 1000 8

1000
16 KVA

5. Draw the signal flow graph corresponding to the Block Diagram of the system given below.
Evaluate the closed loop transfer function of the system using Mason's gain formula.

Solution-
Consider the block diagram of the system.

Draw the equivalent signal flow graph of the above system.

Write the forward paths from input to the output.

M1 G1G2G3
M 2 G1G4
Here, M 1 and M 2 are the forward paths.

Write the individual loops in the graph.

L1 G1G2G3
L2 G2G3 H 2
L3 G1G2 H1
L4 G1G4
L5 G4 H 2

There are no non-touching loops in the graph so the values of 1 and 2 are
1 1
2 1

Write the masons gain formula.

C M 11 M 2 2

R

Substitute the values in the above expression.

C G1G2G3 G1G4

R 1 G1G2G3 G2G3 H 2 G1G2 H1 G1G4 G4 H 2
G1G2G3 G1G4

1 G1G2G3 G2G3 H 2 G1G2 H1 G1G4 G4 H 2
Hence, the closed loop transfer function of the system is
G1G2G3 G1G4
.
1 G1G2G3 G2G3 H 2 G1G2 H1 G1G4 G4 H 2