1. Acontinuousfractionatingcolumnisrequiredtoseparateamixturecontaining0.

40mol
fractionnheptane(MW=100)and0.60molfraction noctane(MW=114)intooverhead
products of99 mol% heptane andbottom products of1 mol% heptane. The column is to
operateatapressure(attop)of101.3kN/m2withapressuredropacrossthetowerof25kPa.
The feed is a saturated mixture with 30% vapor, and is supplied to the column at 0.070
kgmol/s.Therefluxratio(L/D)is2.5andthefractionofthecrosssectionalareaavailablefor
vaporflowis0.88.Ifthevaporvelocityis0.8m/s,determinetherequireddiameteronstriping
sectionbasedontheconditionsatthebottomofthetowerwhereyoucanusepurenoctanefor
theevaluationofvapordensity.
Vaporpressurefornoctane
lnP*(kPa)=14.23683304.16/(T(oK)55.2278)
GasconstantR=8314m3Pa/kgmolK.

2. Acetoneistoberecoveredfroma5mole%acetoneairmixturebyscrubbingwithpure
waterinapackedtowerusingcountercurrentflow.Theliquidrateis2.85kg/m 2sandthegas
rateis1.5kg/m2s.TheoverallabsorptioncoefficientKyamaybetakenas1.5x102kmol/m3s.
Thepressureofthesystemis101.3kPa.Whatshouldbetheheightofthetowertoremoved
98%oftheacetone?Equilibriumdata(assumelinearrelationshipinhomework):

y 0 0.0099 0.0196 0.0361 0.0400 0.0500

x 0 0.0076 0.0156 0.0306 0.0333 0.0417

wherey=molefractionacetoneisair,x=molefractionacetoneinwater
Molecularweightofairis29.Molecularweightofacetoneis58.1.

3.Ashellandtubeheatexchangerwithtwotubepassesistoheat20,000kg/hofwaterfrom
25to84oCbyhotengineoilflowingthroughtheshell.Theoilmakesasingleshellpass,
enteringat160oCandleavingat94oC,withaheattransfercoefficientof500W/m 2K.The
heat exchanger contains 100 steel tubes of 22.9mm inside diameter and 25.4mm outside
diameter.Theinsideheattransfercoefficientis3210W/m2K.Neglectingfoulingcoefficients,
determinetherequiredtubelength.
Data:Water:Cp=4182J/kgK,density=998.1kg/m3
Steel:k=40W/mK
4.Atubulargasheateristobedesignedtoheat0.075kg/sofagasfrom21to88 oCwithsteam
condensingontheoutsideofthecarbonsteeltubeat104.4oC.Theinsidediameterofthetubeis
0.023m.Thevelocity ofthegas inthetubesis tobemaintained nearthe optimal value.
Determinethenumberoftubesinparallelthatwillberequiredandthelengthofeachtube.Use
airpropertiesforgasandneglectresistancetoheattransferonthesteamsideandthroughthe
wall.
(Hint:checktheairpropertiesfirst,e.g.heatcapacity,density,viscosity,andheatconductivity,
whichwouldhelptocalculatetheheattransfercoefficientontheairside.Fortheoptimal
velocity,pleaseuse4.62inTKsnotes)

Beforeinitializingfabricationofthisheatexchanger,someconcernswereraisedbythedesign
engineerrelatingtotheaccuracyoftherelationshipusedinthesoftwarepackagefortheabove
calculation. Accordingly, it has been decided tofabricate the exchanger witha20percent
safetyfactor.Thedesignengineerproposestoobtainthisfactorofsafetybyadding20percent
moretubeswiththesamediameterandlengthasusedintheoriginaldesign.Acolleague,
however,indicatesthatthe20percentsafetyfactorshouldbeobtainedbyincreasingthetube
diametersby20percentwhilekeepingthesamenumberoftubesandthesametubelength.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these two recommendations. Based on this
examination,howshouldtheexchangerbefabricatedtoprovidea20percentfactorofsafety?

5.Aheatexchangeristobeconstructedbyformingcoppertubingintoacoilandplacingthe
latterinsideaninsulatedsteelshell.Inthisexchanger,waterwillflowinsidethetubing,anda
hydrocarbonvaporatarateof0.126kg/swillbecondensingontheoutsidesurfaceofthe
tubing.Theinsideandoutsidediametersofthetubeare0.0127and0.0152m,respectively.
Inlet and exit temperatures for the water are 10 and 32 oC, respectively. The heat of
condensationofthehydrocarbonatacondensingtemperatureof88oCis335kJ/kg,andtheheat
transfercoefficientforthecondensingvaporis1420W/m2K.Heatlossesfromtheshellmay
beneglected.Whatlengthofcoppertubingwillberequiredtoaccomplishthedesiredheat
transfer?
Data:Water:Cp=4151J/kgK,density=997kg/m3,viscosity=9.94104kg/ms,
k=0.61W/mK,Pr=6.76,hi=(k/Di)(0.023Re0.8Pr1/3)
Copper:k=385W/mK