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Removing noise from an image; noise being random errors in the image. Noise is a very
common problem in data transmission: all sorts of electronic components may affect data
passing through them, and the results may be undesirable. Removing motion blur from an image.
Motion blur may occur when the shutter speed of the camera is too long for the speed of the
object. So to counter this unwanted effect image processing is used.
Examples of (2) may includes Obtaining the edges of an image. This may be necessary for the
measurement of objects in an image; an example is shown in figures 4.2. Once we have the
edges we can measure their spread, and the area contained within them. We can also use edge
detection algorithms as a first step in edge enhancement, as we saw above.
From the edge result, we see that it may be necessary to enhance the original image slightly, to
make the edges clearer. MATLAB provides special Image Processing Toolbox for image
processing purpose. It assists the user with built in commands which simplify the work of
programmer. Also it has Image Acquisition toolbox for the hardware device connectivity. The
basic information about the image processing in MATLAB is give below:
An image may be defined as a two dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are spatial
(plane) coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or
gray level of the image at that point. When x, y, and the amplitude values of all finite, discrete
quantities; we call the image as a digital image. The Image Processing technique is a collection
of functions that extend the capability of the MATLAB in numeric computing environment. The
toolbox supports a wide range of image processing operations, including: open image file, add
noise of a given type (e.g. salt &pepper, Gaussian, Speckles...) to intensity image, 2D median
filtering and adaptive filtering, Image analysis and enhancement, Color Image decomposition
into RGB Channels, Image histogram, Image segmentation, image Multi thresholding, image
movie, signal plotting and etc. Many of the toolbox functions are MATLAB M-files, Model files
and a series of MATLAB statements that implement specialized image processing algorithms.
Then Histogram is done for the image and finally thresholding is done for the same image using
this image processing toolbox.
This was all about the brief details of MATLAB and its tools. Also we have seen the image
processing tools using MATLAB. In this chapter we have also seen the different aspect and
operation of image processing using MATLAB. Now the next chapter deals with the different
proposed methods for inspection purpose.
CHAPTER 5
PROPOSED METHODS OF INSPECTION THROUGH IMAGE
PROCESSING
Thresholding
Histogram Output