You are on page 1of 11

IoT based Health monitoring system

ABSTRACT:
The main focus of the method is to implement a prototype model for the real time patient
monitoring system. The proposed method is used to measure the physical parameters like
body temperature, heart beat rate, and oxygen level monitoring with the help of biosensors.
Conventionally there are number of techniques available for the ICU patients health
monitoring system with wired communication technology. In the novel system the patient
health is continuously monitored and the acquired data is transmitted to an using Wi-Fi
wireless sensor networks. Embedded processor supports for analyzing the input from the
patient and the results of all the parameters are stored in the database. If any abnormality
felt by the patient indications will send to the medical officials. The implementation of the
system is achieved by the advanced ARDUINO microcontroller and simulation results are
obtained.

1.1 Introduction

Now Recently wireless sensor networks (WSN) play a vital role in the research,
technological community hence resulting in the development of various
highperformance smart sensing system. Many new research is focused at improving
quality of human life in terms of health by designing and fabricating sensors which are
either in direct contact with the human body (invasive) or indirectly (noninvasive) in
contact. Health monitoring is an informal, non-statutory method of surveying your
workforce for symptoms of ill health, including lower back pain. This type of
occupational health management system can enable you, as an employer, to be aware of
health problems and intervene to prevent problems being caused or made worse by
work activities. Another important role of health monitoring is to give feedback into a
system that reviews the current control methods in place. In addition, there are specific
regulations dealing with manual handling and whole body vibration in the workplace. To
ensure you are complying with your duties under these regulations you should refer to
HSE (health system engineering) guidance, if manual h and ling or whole body vibration
are risks in your workplace. Whole body vibration is particularly prevalent in those that
drive industrial and parameters and the sampled parameters are wireless.
Block Diagram:

2.4TFT
Graphic LCD

DC
POWER SUPPLY

Temp & Humid


Sensor (DHT 11) Arduino

UNO R3

Heartbeat Buzzer
Sensor
BASICS OF IoT:
2.1 Definition the Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable
embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure. The Internet of
Things connects devices and vehicles using electronic sensors and the Internet.

2.2 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects devices,
vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and
network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The IoT allows
objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer based systems,
and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit, when IoT is augmented
with sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class
of cyber physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, smart
homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through
its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet
infrastructure.

So, Internet of Things or IoT is an architecture that comprises specialized hardware boards,
Software systems, web APIs, protocols which together creates a seamless environment
which allows smart embedded devices to be connected to internet such that sensory data
can be accessed and control system can be triggered over internet.
Hardware description:

Arduino UNO
Overview

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It


has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling
the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode. Revision 3 of the board
has the following new features:

1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other
new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the
voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible both with the board
that use the AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V.
The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.

Fig 2.1 Arduino UNO


Power supply
The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc adapter
through voltage regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non-regulated. The
7805 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5VDC.

AC/DC Regulator Filter


Adapter (7805)
AC Power DC
Output

Fig. 6.1 Power Supply

The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non-regulated. The 7805/7812 voltage
regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.

Voltage Regulator 7805:


Features of 3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator
Output Current up to 1A.
Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V.
Thermal Overload Protection.
Short Circuit Protection.
Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection.
Wi-Fi ESP8266:

ESP8266 offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking solution, allowing it to


either host the application or to offload all Wi-Fi networking functions from another
application processor.

When ESP8266 hosts the application, and when it is the only application processor in the
device, it is able to boot up directly from an external flash. It has integrated cache to
improve the performance of the system in such applications, and to minimize the memory
requirements.

Alternately, serving as a Wi-Fi adapter, wireless internet access can be added to any
microcontroller-based design with simple connectivity through UART interface or the CPU
AHB bridge interface.
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

DHT11 is a part of DHTXX series of Humidity sensors. The other sensor in this series is
DHT22. Both these sensors are Relative Humidity (RH) Sensor. As a result, they will measure
both the humidity and temperature. Although DHT11 Humidity Sensors are cheap and slow,
they are very popular among hobbyists and beginners.

The DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor consists of 3 main components. A resistive
type humidity sensor, an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor (to measure the
temperature) and an 8-bit microcontroller, which converts the analog signals from both the
sensors and sends out single digital signal. This digital signal can be read by any
microcontroller or microprocessor for further analysis.
DHT11 Humidity Sensor consists of 4 pins: VCC, Data Out, Not Connected (NC) and GND. The
range of voltage for VCC pin is 3.5V to 5.5V. A 5V supply would do fine. The data from the
Data Out pin is a serial digital data.

The following image shows a typical application circuit for DHT11 Humidity and Temperature
Sensor. DHT11 Sensor can measure a humidity value in the range of 20 90% of Relative
Humidity (RH) and a temperature in the range of 0 50 0C. The sampling period of the sensor
is 1 second i.e.

All the DHT11 Sensors are accurately calibrated in the laboratory and the results are stored
in the memory. A single wire communication can be established between any
microcontroller like Arduino and the DHT11 Sensor.

Also, the length of the cable can be as long as 20 meters. The data from the sensor consists
of integral and decimal parts for both Relative Humidity (RH) and temperature.
Heartbeat Sensor:

Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed
inside it. This digital output can be connected to Arduino directly to measure the Beats per
Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through
finger each pulse. IC LM358 is used for this sensor. Its dual low power operational amplifier
consists of a super bright red LED and light detector. One will act as amplifiers and another
will be used as comparator. LED needs to be super bright as the light must pass through
finger and detected at other end. When heart pumps a pulse of blood through blood vessels,
finger becomes slightly more opaque so less light reach at the detector. With each heart
pulse, the detector signal varies which is converted to electrical pulse
CONCLUSION

By using the system the healthcare professionals can monitor, diagnose, and advice their
patients all the time. The health parameters data are stored and published online. Hence,
the healthcare professional can monitor their patients from a remote location at any time.
Our system is simple. The Future work of the project is very essential in order to make the
design system more advanced. In the designed system the enhancement would be
connecting more sensors to internet which measures various other health parameters and
would be beneficial for patient monitoring i.e. connecting all the objects to internet for quick
and easy access. Establishing a Wi-Fi mesh type network to increase in the communication
range
REFERENCES
[1] Real time wireless health monitoring application using mobile devices, International
Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.7, No.3, May 2015, Amna
Abdullah, Asma Ismael, Aisha Rashid, Ali Abou-ElNour, and Mohammed Tarique

[2] Secured Smart Healthcare Monitoring System Based on Iot, International Journal on
Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication Volume: 3 Issue: 7,
Bhoomika.B.K, Dr. K N Muralidhara

[3] Zigbee and GSM Based Patient Health Monitoring System, 2014 International Conference
on Electronics and Communication System (ICECS-2014), Purnima, Puneet Singh

[4] Home Based Health Monitoring System Using Android Smartphone,International Journal
of Electical,Electronics and Data Communication, Vol-2, Issue-2, Feb-2014, Sushama Pawar,
P.W.Kulkarni

You might also like