genius

The
academy PHYSICSbyPradeepKshetrapal

Formulasincurrentelectricity(DirectCurrent)
1 ElectricCurrent "q"ischargepassinginnormaldirection
i=q/t throughacrosssectionofconductorintime
"t"
2 DriftvelocityVdwithElectric
Vd=

eE eischargeandmismassonelectron,Eis
m
field electricfield,isrelaxationtime.
3 CurrentIwithDriftvelocity nisnumberdensitywithoffreeelectrons,A
I=neAVd
Vd isareaofcrosssection.
Mobilityofcharge q
4 =Vd/E=
m

5 Mobilityanddriftvelocity Vd= eE

6 CurrentandMobility I=Anex eE
7 Resistance,P.D.,andCurrent R=V/I VPotentialDifference,ICurrent.
8 ResistanceRwithspecific R= Al lislengthofconductorandAisareaofcross
Res. section
9
SpecificResistance, =R Al
1 Resistivitywithelectrons m
= ne
0

1 CurrentdensityJ J =I/ A Iiscurrent,Jcurrentdensity,Aisareaofcrosssection
1

1 Currentdensitymagnitude isanglebetween J and A
JAcos=I
2
1 ConductanceG
G=1/R
3
1 Conductivity = 1/ isspecificresistance
4
1 MicroscopicformofOhms J= E Eiselectricfield
5 Law
1 Temperaturecoefficientof RtR Roisresistanceat0oC.Rtisresistanceatto
= RXt
6 Resistance andtistemperaturedifference.
1 Resistancesinseries Samecurrentthroughallresistances(circuitCurrent
R=R1+R
2+R
3
7
Resistancesinparallel 1/Re=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3 SameP.D.acrosseachresistance(Vofcell)
1 Inacell,emfandinternal E
I= R+r Iiscurrent,Eisemf,Risexternalresistance,r
8 resistance isinternalresistance.
1 Inacircuitwithacell Visterminalpotentialdifference
V=EIr
9
2 nCellsofemfEinseries
Emf=nE
0
2 Resistanceofncellsinseries risinternalresistanceofonecell,Rexternal
nr+R
1 Resistance
2 Currentincircuitwithncells nE
I= R+nr risinternalresistanceofonecell,Rexternal
2 inseries Resistance
2 ncellsinparallel,thenemf
emf=E
3
2 ncellsinparallel,resistance Rexternalresistance,rinternalresistance
R+r/n
4
2 Cellsinmixedgroup, nisnumberofcellsinonerow,misnumber
5 conditionformaximum R= nr
m ofrows.risinternalresistance,Rexternal
current resis.
2 Internalresistanceofacell r=( EV
V )xR Eisemf,VisterminalPotentialdifference,R
6 isexternalresistance.
 The academy PHYSICSbyPradeepKshetrapal

2 Powerofacircuit P=I.V=I2 R=
7 V2 /R
2 Energyconsumed E=I.V.T Tistimeduration
8
2 KirchoffLaw(junctionrule) i = 0 Sumofcurrentsatjunctioniszero.
9
3 KirchoffLaw(Looprule) V = 0 Inaloopsumofallp.d.sisZero
0