Nicholas Davies Animation - Definitions - 25 2f09 2f17

Animation - Assignment 1 - 25/09/17-06/11/17
Nicholas Davies
Nicholas Davies - Animation - Assignment 1 - 25/09/17

In this essay I cover the definitions, uses, examples, advantages and
disadvantages, images and if possible quotes for: Animation, History of
Animation, RGB, Raster and Vector Image, Capture Image, Motion
Capture, Interactive Media Graphics, Pixels, Bit Depth, Optimisation and
Compression, Web Animation and Digital Animation.
Animation:
Animation is hand drawn, or nowadays digitally drawn, images. Each image

is in a single frame and each frame is then combined together to create a
video.
There are many examples of where animation is used. Cartoons on TV or

as full length feature films, animations on websites, even being used in
adverts now. Animation on computers is one of the main forms of
multimedia presentations. There are many different types of softwares that
allow you to create animations. Adobe Flash, which is now Adobe Animate,
Adobe After Effects, VideoScribe, GoAnimate, CrazyTalk, iClone, Toon
Boom Harmony and PowToon. I havent heard of most of these. The most
common ones however are Adobe Animate and Adobe After Effects.
https://elearningindustry.com/the-top-6-animated-video-software-in-the-
elearning-market
There is a difference between animations and videos. Videos is where the

software takes a continuous motion and brakes it up into discrete frame by
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frame whereas animation is frame by frame glued together. They are

essentially opposites of each other.
Norman McLaren - Animation is not the art of drawings that move but the
art of movements that are drawn.:
Steven Spielberg - Well. luckily with animation, fantasy is your friend.
Work, Morning, Great - Animation is a great way to work. No early morning

call times, no make-up chair. In live action youre always fighting the clock;
the sun is always going down too soon.
Ralph Bakshi - Cartooning at its best is a fine art. Im a cartoonist who

works in the medium of animation, which also allows me to paint my
cartoons.
History of Animation:
Animation is essentially the animator using, nowadays, a computer to
generate a series of still images, that give the illusion of motion. Before
computers were compatible with softwares such as example Adobe
Animate (Flash) or After Effects, everything was painstakingly drawn by
hand, from backgrounds to individual character movements for each frame,
frame by frame.
Which was and still is very difficult to master and very time consuming and
most likely expensive to keep the animators going. When animators were
able to use computers it still took the computers several days to render just
one scene. Even today a complex scene still takes two days to render.
Animation dates back to 1877 in France where Charles-mile Reynaud

created the Praxinoscope and the Thtre Optique in December 1888. On
28th of October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre
Pierrot, at the Muse Grvin in Paris.
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In 1914 a new form of animation came to light. Earl Hurd created a

technique called Cell Animation. This is where the outline of the images
are drawn on the front of the cel while colors are painted behind to
eliminate brush strokes.
Walt Disney - Animation offers a medium of storytelling and visual

entertainment which can bring pleasure and information to people of all
ages everywhere in the world.
Rotoscoping is an animation technique used by animators to trace over

motion picture footage, frame by frame, when realistic action is needed.
Advantages:
Looks real
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Sometimes expensive
Stop motion or stop frame animation was invented by Stuart Blackton, it is

animation that is captured one frame at a time. When playing this at full
speed it gives the illusion that the animation is moving.
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Eadweard Muybridge invented the Zoopraxiscope in the 1880s. It is a

device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated
film strip used in cinematography. It also helped explain how horses ran.
He also invented animal locomotion in 1877 and 1878 which used multiple
cameras which captured motion in stop motion photographs.
The first full featured animated film was Walt Disneys Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs in 1937. All hand drawn. Hence why the backgrounds and
movements are the same in every Disney Cartoon. They just reused over
and over again to a point where it is overused and boring.
There is a new game that has came to light that has been released on 29th
September 2017 for the Xbox One and PC. The game Cuphead
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Dont mess with the Devil, was created by MDHR Studios which consists
of a very small team. The art style is most noticeable and unique because
their inspiration is from the 1930s Disney shorts and cartoons created by
Flecier Studios. Just like real animations from that time period everything
was drawn by hand, just using Cell animation and Water Coloured
Backgrounds. It took an extremely large amount of time to make, Cuphead
is no exception. It took them ten years to create this masterpiece of a game
and just like any other old game it is impossible and frustrating to complete,
with its complex levels. However, the hand drawn animations and art styles
balances out the frustrations of trying to complete a level.
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The time period in which these cartoons were made are violent and surreal.
The Cuphead character was inspired by a World War 2 Japanese

propaganda cartoon from 1936, which depicts evil Mickey Mouse
characters attacking a cup head man that oddly transforms into a tank.
The MDHR was founded by two brothers, Chad and Jared Moldenhauer.
They recon they went through 150 character designs before landing on the
final design. The brothers had a very large interest in 1930s cartoons but
at the time they wanted to start making the project they both did not have
enough experience and the equipment they had was not sufficient, they
both ended up walking away from the project. Chad went to Ontario to
learn graphic design whilst Jared stayed in their home country. They came
back together in 2010 when they were inspired by Super Meat Boy, which
was also created by a two man team. Coincidently MDHR is an
abbreviation or Moldenhauer.
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- 7 Cuphead Facts YOU Should Know (ft. Cuphead & Mugman)!!! | The
Leaderboard: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DytPhIcL2Ms
There are two animation YouTube channels, one called Cyanide and
Happiness and the other I recently discovered called Pencilmation.
Cyanide and Happiness YouTube Channel -

https://www.youtube.com/user/ExplosmEntertainment
Pencilmation YouTube Channel -

https://www.youtube.com/user/rossbollinger
MTV UK (Music Television) founded in 1st July 1997 where

their motto is Welcome to fun. Is a general entertainment channel
operated by Viacom International Media Networks Europe that was
available in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Dire Straits - Money For Nothing was the first video to be showed on MTV
Channel. I mention this because the whole video is animated.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTP2RUD_cL0
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Gorillaz are an English virtual band created in 1998 by musician Damon

Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett. The band consists of four animated
members: 2-D, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle and Russel Hobbs. This band is
solely based off animation and the real artists are hidden however, we
already know who they are.
https://www.indieshuffle.com/news/gorillaz-real-faces-damon-albarn/
Animation has no limits, there is no realism in any animation unless the

creator wants there to be which let's be honest, we create this virtual world
to escape reality. They break the fourth wall. For example all cartoons they
are extreme, silly and unbelievably realistic for example
Family Guy
The Simpsons
South Park
American Dad
They have a ridiculous amount of violence for example in a scene one of
the characters could of been beat up and even killed but yet in the next
scene everyone is fine like nothing happened. Its almost like the uncanny
valley where the audience decides whether or not the story is believable
but knowing it is a cartoon and knowing its back history you already know
its all fake and there for laughs. In most cartoon comedy sketches such as
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family guy, they tell the story which is almost relatable to what people really
think but cant act on but it can be portrayed in a cartoon because no one in
the real world gets hurt or killed.
Around the 90s a lot of kids cartoons contain subliminal sexual references
that kids wouldnt understand but parents would, which is why a lot of
parents do not like them.
For example:
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Walt Disney - Animation is different from other parts. Its language is the
language of caricature. Our most difficult job was to develop the cartoon's
unnatural but seemingly natural anatomy for humans and animals.
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However, technology has progressed and improved over the years but it is
important to not let technology take over creativity.
I mentioned the game Cup Head because despite technology moving
forward some people either dont want to or they find the olden days the
golden days.
John Lasseter - Computers dont create computer animation any more

than a pencil creates pencil animation. What creates computer animation is
the artist.
John Lasseter - People who get into animation tend to be kids. We dont
have to grow up. But also, animators are great observers, and there's this
childlike wonder and interest in the world, the observation of little things
that happen in life.
Bit Depth:
Bit Depth is the colour information that is stored in images. The higher the
bit depth, the more colours it can store. The simplest image is the 1 bit
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image which can only show two colours, black and white. This is because
the 1 bit can only store two values. 0 is white and 1 is black.
Bit Depth in Digital Audio describes the accuracy of a particular piece of
software that processes audio data.
The more bits that there are the more accurate the results will be.
Bit Depth is a frequency encountered in specifications from analog to digital
converters.
Sample Rates is the number of data samples of audio carried per second.
Usually measured in Hz (hertz) or KHz (killer hertz). The conversion rate is
1khz = 1000hz.
When you take a digital picture and save it as a JPEG format, your
automatically creating an 8-bit image. There is no way of saving the image
as a JPEG 16-bit because the format doesnt support it.
If you had 256 shades of each colour, red, green and blue, that in total
equals roughly 16.8 million. That is now the amount of colours you can now
create. And that is what is in and 8-bit image. An 8-bit image contains 256
shades of red, 256 shades of green and 256 shades of blue. Giving the
millions of colours that you see in an image.
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You might think that a 16-bit image would look a lot better than an 8-bit
image since it is capable of displaying more colours however, most photos
do not need 16.8 million colours, let alone trillions of colours in order to
accurately represent the original image. They usually contain several
hundred thousand at best, some may reach into their low millions
depending on the subject but for the most part they hardly reach into the
millions.
So having a 16-bit image is not necessary. In some cases, in games the
higher your bit depth the brighter and higher the contrast the colours are.
There is also a 4-bit, 6-bit and 32-bit depth.
Advantages:
The higher the bit depth the higher the quality of the audio and
visuals, but are not necessary to be higher than 8-bit.
Disadvantages:
The higher the bit depth the more hard drive space it takes up
The higher the bit depth doesnt necessarily mean higher quality
because not all images are needing trillions of colours
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https://www.photoshopessentials.com/essentials/16-bit/
Alfred Sisley - The animation of the canvas is one of the hardest problems
of painting.
Bitmap (Raster Image) and Vector Image:

Bitmap (Raster image) Vector image are similar.
Bitmap, or raster images, are stored as a series of tiny dots called pixels.
Each pixel is so tiny, the naked human eye cannot see it. They are squares
that are assigned a set colour and then are arranged in patterns to form an
image. When you zoom in far enough you can see each and individual
pixel.
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Unlike bitmaps, vector images are not based on pixel patterns, but instead
use mathematical formulas to draw lines and curves that can be combined
to create an image. Vector images are edited by manipulating the lines and
curves that make up the image using a program such as Adobe Illustrator.
Bitmap formats are best for images that need to have a wide range of color
changes, such as most photographs. Vector formats, on the other hand,
are better for images that consist mostly of solid colours. Examples of
vector format include logos and font types.
Advantages:
Vector images are smaller than bitmap images. Thats because a

bitmap image has to store color information for each individual pixel
and vector images just has to store the mathematical formulas that
make up the image, which take up less space.
Vector images are able to be scaled more freely that bitmap images.
When a vector image is scaled up, the image is redrawn using the
mathematical formula, keeping the image in its original form, not
making it blurry,
Disadvantages:
Vector formats are not well supported for the internet and social
media.
Most vector images must first be converted, or rasterised, into
bitmaps images before they can be used on the internet.
a bitmap image is scaled up you begin to see the individual pixels
that make up the image causing the images to become blurry.
The two most popular image formats used on the internet are GIF and
JPEG which are bitmap formats. PNG is another form of bitmap and it is
used when transparency is needed. This is sometimes popular but not all
sites support it. Most vector images must first be converted, or rasterised,
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into bitmaps images before they can be used on the internet.
Colour Space (RGB):
Colour space, Colour Model or Colour System is an abstract mathematical

model which describes the range of colours as a form of number, usually 3
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or 4 values of colour components. Every colour in a digital image is made

of a combination of the three primary colours of light, red, blue and green.
Adobe RGB is irrelevant for real photography. sRGB gives a better and
more consistent results.
Using Adobe RGB is one of the main reasons why colours do not match as
what is seen on screen to what you see on print.
There are only three channels, red, green and blue, hence the name RGB.
They roughly represent the colours that are in a human eye. RGB is a three
colour component and for each pixel they are stored along the third
dimension of the data array.
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For example, the red, green, and blue color components of the pixel (10,5)
are stored in RGB (10,5,1),RGB(10,5,2), and RGB (10,5,3) , respectively.
Figure 2-4 depicts an RGB image of class double.
CMYK is a subtractive like paint, starting with a white paper and as you add
more colours it eventually turns black. CMYK represents the standard
coloured inks that printers use to create colours: cyan, magenta, yellow and
black RGB is additive, the way light creates colours.
How many colours can be made with RGB?

Here is an 8-bit per channel RGB TIFF image file containing exactly one
pixel of each of the 16,777,216 possible color values. The image is 4096
4096 = 16,777,216 pixels, arranged as 256 slices of the RGB color cube. It
is not tagged with any profile.
When looking at an image you might be thinking that there are millions of
colours, how is it made up of red, green and blue? Well it uses multiples
shades of red, green and blue. The more shades of each colour you have
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to work with and mix together the more colours you can create. If all you
had was pure red, pure green and pure blue the most you could create
would be seven different colours,
Advantages:
RGB Colour space allows for a larger range of colours.
RGB workflow is to increase the print providers ability to "match the
original"
Disadvantages:
Conversion from one colour to another can sometimes be
problematic for companies that have a limited knowledge of colour
management.
CMYK conversion, by definition, reduces the data contained in the
original RGB image. And data that is thrown away can never be
reclaimed.
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Digital Animation:
Digital Animation, or more commonly known as CGI (computer generated

images), is a process of generating animated images. CGI holds both static
and dynamic images whilst the computer animation refers to moving
images. In the 1970s a man called Peter Foldes used a keyframe software,
that was invented by Nestor Burtnyk and Marcell Wein, to create a 2D
animation short demonstrating computer animation of human hands and
faces. The short was produced by Ed Catmull.
However, in 1906 a newspaper cartoonist J. Stuart Blackton, one of the co-
founders of the Vitagraph Company, created the first drawn work of
animation on standard film called Humorous Phases of Funny Faces.
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2D CGI was first used in movies in 1973s Westworld
and the first use of 3D Imagery was

used in the sequel, Futureworld in 1976 which featured a computer
generated hand and face created, by the University of Utah graduates,
Edwin Catmull and Fred Parke.
Fantasmagorie, by the French director mile Cohl, also known as mile
Courtet.
It is said though that Edwin Catmull and Fred Parke created the first 3D
CGI animation.
CGI uses an extremely large amount of vectors which is maths, in order to

create the art of future animations.
CGI works by combining and generating images.
Advantages:
Can be stored for later use
It is quicker than hand drawing everything
Disadvantages:
Expensive, not cheap by any means
Emotions are difficult to convey in computer animations
You are limited to what the software can do
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CGI uses a reference called The Uncanny Valley. The Uncanny Valley is
where a computer generated human is bearing near to or identical
resemblance to a real human giving the sense of unease in the person
viewing it. Anyone attempting to create a believable human they have to be
aware of the uncanny valley.
Get it wrong and itll look like something from Barewolf but get it right and it
will look like the awesome battle in Lord of the Rings.
Tim Burton - In Hollywood, they think drawn animation doesnt work

anymore. They forget that the reason computers are the way is that Pixar
makes good movies. So everybody tries to copy Pixar. Theyre relying too
much on technology and not enough on the artists.
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The Uncanny Valley is very important to understand.
Here is a link to 10 Creepy examples of the Uncanny Valley

https://www.strangerdimensions.com/2013/11/25/10-creepy-examples-
uncanny-valley/
The chocolate company Galaxy created an advert resurrecting Audrey

Hepburn in 2014 using CGI. It looked real yet fake. It was so good that it
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won several awards. Despite resurrecting a woman from 1993.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcgEqbhsCfU
https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/media-network-
blog/2014/oct/08/how-we-made-audrey-hepburn-galaxy-ad
One of my guesses as to why they did it is to see how far they could push
the limits of CGI and what they can do with it. This is the next step to bring
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famous actors and actresses from the dead.
Digital Animation plays a huge role in today's generation and will continue
to do so. We use digital animation for films, games, social media, news and
tv shows.
Brad Bird - Animation is about creating the illusion of life. And you cant
create it if you dont have one.
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Avatar was finalised and released in 2009 and directed and written by
James Cameron. Made entirely of CGI, performance and image capture.
Frame Rate:
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FPS, or Frame Rate is Frame Per Second, is the frequency in which a

moving image, such as games, videos and films, are displayed at.
30 FPS means 30 Frames Per Second. Which means 30 frames are being
showed in each second.
A new form of FPS, especially for games is, 60 FPS which is 60 Frames
Per Second. For consoles its 30 or in some cases 60 FPS and for high
spec gaming computers it sometimes is 120 FPS or more. The higher the
FPS doesnt necessarily mean a smoother gameplay. Sometimes, if not
most of the time a steady 30FPS is much better. Not many people notice
any difference between 30 to 60 FPS.
Most, if not all, films and TV Shows are filmed at 24FPS, except the Hobbit
which was filmed at 48FPS. When they announced they were filming at
48FPS people got confused because they thought they were always
watching in 60FPS so finding out that they were viewing it at 48FPS they
thought it was slower. No one noticed the frame rate differences.
Refresh Rate, or Vertical Refresh Rate, is the number times a second that
a display hardware updates its buffer. As a result the movie projector runs
at 24 frames per second but has a 48 or 72 hz (hertz) refresh rate.
Advantages:
Higher frames, the more smoother the image and the less pixelated the image is.
Disadvantages:
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The higher the frames the more performance needed.
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1lje83/eli5_why_are_fi
lms_shot_at_24fps_isnt_that_low/
Image Capture:
Image Capture is for Apple devices. It pulls still images and moves them
from compatible devices.
Image capture controls what happens when you connect your iPhone, iPad
and digital camera to your computer. For example when you connect your
device iPhoto always open. This action is actually managed in Image
Capture not iPhoto. Image Capture also allows you to use your scanner
without any other software.You can assign this app to open automatically
instead of iPhoto.
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With this application you can:

Move images from a device to another
Scan documents
Automatically import images
Create a contact sheet
Build your web page
Process your images with Automator
Interactive Media Graphics:

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Transcript of Applications of interactive media graphics. Interactive Media

consist the use of various digital media element such as electronic
graphics, text, images and sound. Interactive Media is basically types of
graphical art or data that is interactive for people.
There are many forms of interactive graphics such as: buttons, navigation
bars, backgrounds/map navigation, etc.
Yuud see these on websites, games and apps.
Advantages:
Visually appealing
Shows creators skills
Disadvantages:
Takes a lot of time to make
Expensive, depending on what your doing it for and on
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https://biscuitfingers.wordpress.com/unit-19/applications-of-interactive-
media-graphics/
Optimising and Compression:

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Optimising is making the image more effective and making it the best it can
be and compression is squishing it together, making it smaller and fit. For
example optimising a large quantity of images like changing them from
BMP to JPEG and then compressing them all into one file makes it easier
to send via email, social media or most sites on the internet.
On devices, viewing an app or the internet, from a computer to a phone,
means the particles have to be re-arranged, optimised, in order for the
phone to handle the pixels/information. For example my Weebly site,
https://nickdavies.weebly.com/ . It looks completely different when you are
viewing it on a computer to when you are viewing it on a tablet or phone.
Uncompressed formats take up the most amount of data and memory, but
they are exact representations of the image. Bitmap formats such as BMP
generally are uncompressed however, there are also compressed BMP
files as well. Such as a lossless of image compression, PNG and GIF.
Advantages:
Smaller file size so quicker to share
Saves data and memory on your device
Disadvantages:
Depending on file size depends on size
Not all sharing platforms support the form of compression you used
Removes exact representations from your images
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Performance Capture & Motion Capture:
Motion Capture is the process of

recording movement of an actor or actress digitally. And Performance
Capture is the process of recording the face of an actor or actress digitally.
Studios use an infrared optical system which reflects back to its source,
the retro reflective markers which are used to outline their subject. The
markers are calculated, played in 3D space and then recorded.
Because it is digitally enhanced it doesnt matter who does the actions.
Most of the time it is stunt performers, motion capture actors, then the
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main actors/actresses are digitally edited over the top.
Avatar utilises motion capture throughout their film, and no doubt for their
sequel, Avatar 2. TED also used motion capture for the teddy bear.
Used in films, tv programmes and games.
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Advantages:
More rapid, even real time events can be obtained.
Complex movements can be recreated in a physical manor.
Potential for free software and third party solutions reducing its costs.
Disadvantages:
Specific hardware are required to obtain and process the data.
The cost of the software and equipment can be problematic for small
productions.
The capture system may have specific requirements.
The initial results are limited to what can be performed within the
capture without extra editing of the data.
Movement that does not follow the laws of physics generally cannot
be captured.
http://3dworkshop4u.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/motion-builder-tutorial.html
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How Motion Capture Really Works in Movies:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnrKKjaVxCA
What Is Motion Capture?:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm-A1lknrxE
The Witcher - How was the motion capture done?:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1R1GDRV2dmc
3 Things Motion Capture Gets Wrong - Film Theory:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru9fjXTZ9p8
Motion Capture - Pintrest
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/explore/motion-capture/
Nick Park - The nice thing about animation is that you can realise your
inventions without understanding all the hard theory.
Marjane Satrapi - I think animation is like running a marathon, and making

a movie is like a 100 meter sprint. The question is: are you a marathon man
or are you a sprinter? I realised that I was more of a sprinter than a
marathon man. With a long, long project, I get bored easily. I think that is
also me, a sprinter, I get bored too easily.
David Tennant - Animation is a fascinating area from an acting point of

view because its not really like anything else because you are only
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providing a portion of the performance. Thats very inspiring and it forces

you to do things in a different way - to tell stories through your voice.
Pixels:
Pixls (picture element) are minute units of information, usually in the form of
squares, that make up every image. The squares are typically arranged in
2-D (2-Dimensional) grids.
In this image a segment has been taken and enlarged over and over again
so that it is possible to see the individual composition in the pixels. The
more pixels you have the more closely they image resembles the original
image.
The Resolution and Aspect Ratio is the width to height of an image on a

screen. Just like any graph, x axis first then y axis, (across then up). For
example 1080p is 1920 pixels wide and 1080 pixels height (1920x1080
pixels, 16:9 aspect ratio). And 720p is 1280 pixels wide and 720 pixels
height (1280x720, also known as HD Ready and Widescreen HDTV
(1.78:1). There are many more also in photographs. It is essentially how
large the screen or photograph is. If you zoom all the way in you would be
able to see the individual pixels. On a game the 1920x1080 resolution
setting down grades the performance of the game because of the more
pixels the computer has to render in real time however, having this setting
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enables the player to see more colours, more detail, and for a larger
distance but without a really good computer your framerate will drop due to
the fact the computer is using more processing and GPU power than you
would using a 1280x720 resolution setting. The more pixels equals the
more information inside equals more detail but also equals to a lower
performance.
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The various software image codecs are: BMP, Gif, JPEG, JPEG 2000,
MJPEG, TIFF, PNG, WBMP.
Advantages:
The higher the pixels the higher the quality.
Disadvantages:
The higher the pixels the more performance needed.
https://imagecodecs.wordpress.com
Amazing Software creates art using 17 million colour make single pixel
different hue-PC-Screen
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2574667/Amazing-software-
creates-art-using-17-MILLION-colours-make-single-pixel-different-hue-PC-
screen.html
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Another convention is to express the number of pixels as a single number,

like a 5 megapixel camera (a megapixel is a million pixels). This means the
pixels along the width is multiplied by the pixels along the height of the
image taken by the camera equals, 5 million pixels. In this case 12801024
monitors, can also be expressed as 1280 x 1024 = 1,310,720, or 1.31
megapixels.
http://www.ultimate-photo-tips.com/what-is-a-pixel.html
Advantages:
The lower the pixel the higher the performance
Disadvantages:
The higher the pixels the lower the performance
Web Animations:
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Web Animation Software:
More and more graphic softwares support features of creating 2D animated

graphics. For example Adobe Photoshop can be used to create Gifs and
Adobe Animate is the industry standard for creating 2D animation for web
and multimedia.
Web Animation:
Web Animations are animations that are implemented on websites and are
often GIFs, OSS, SVG, Web GL or Video and first started in 1987. Gifs
were first used on web pages, before people considered what they can
utilise them for.
It can be anything from a simple underline when you hover over a link to a
background image, even to a full screen feature film.
The first software that enabled us to edit gifs and animations was Adobe
Flash. It was recently changed to Adobe Animate. For a while creators
went to JavaScript for new ideas and In 2009, the first public draft of the
CSS animation spec was released.
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Advantages:
Draws people's attention
Earns a lot of money if done correctly
Disadvantages:
Doesnt always work
Sometimes expensive
Not everyone knows how to do it
There are five main types of web animation:

1. Interface Element Animation: It can be as simple as making a button
background change or making it bounce. This category also covers
the animations that make sidebars slide onto the page, and the
ones that make modal windows and apps inflate themselves into
existence.
2. Waiting Animations:
The use of these animations were proven a long time ago, when graphical
user interfaces were first invented. It started with the way the mouse cursor
would turn into an time glass and progress bars. Apple introduced the
spinning ball of death and windows introduced the folder that flew gently
from one to another. They did this to tell the user what their computer is
doing to prevent frustration however, it sometimes frustrates the user more
as the device freezes or crashes due to excessive clicking or just failure of
the app/window.
Nicholas Davies
3. Storytelling Animations:
Some examples are the pages that will show off a new product by
assembling it before your eyes. Others play out more like a cartoon.
Nicholas Davies
They dont have an intended purpose other than to impress the user
however, they do sometimes improve usability.
Nicholas Davies
4. Purely Decorative Animations:

Having animations on a web site do not always serve a purpose.
Sometimes the animations are distracting and annoy the user. Put
sometimes if the animations are done by the creator of the web site it
proves what they are capable of.
For example, this website http://brightmedia.pl/?lang=en&site=intro
It just looks cool.
Sometimes it is best to avoid these kinds of animations because you want
the user to be more interested in what you are selling them, not be
distracted by the cool graphics you made. Because they might not buy your
product.
http://brightmedia.pl/?lang=en&site=intro
5. Animation in Advertising: my gut says no but my wallet says yes:
Animation is the main form of the creators income. As soon as you put an
animation and cool or funny sound effects in an advert the viewer is drawn
Nicholas Davies
instantly without control. If you want people to look at your ads then
animations are the way to go.
Web animations are what makes the company's profit. Without them
products would be a lot more boring.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Animations_API
https://www.w3.org/TR/web-animations-1/
https://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2015/05/the-ultimate-guide-to-web-
animation/
Tom Wujec - What is it about animation, graphics, illustrations, that create

meaning? And this is an important question to ask and answer because the
more we understand how the brain creates meaning, the better we can
communicate and, I also think, the better we can think and collaborate
together.
Conclusion:
Technology has progressed and improved over the years but it is important
to not let technology take over creativity.
I mentioned the game Cup Head because despite technology moving
forward some people either dont want to or they find the olden days the
golden days.
Tim Burton - In Hollywood, they think drawn animation doesnt work

anymore. They forget that the reason computers are the way is that Pixar
Nicholas Davies
makes good movies. So everybody tries to copy Pixar. Theyre relying too
much on technology and not enough on the artists.
In bookstores and online there is an Animation Survival Kit written by

Richard E Williams. In the book it explains everything and anything to do
with animation and it even touched on graphics and visual effects.
[The Animator's Survival Kit by Richard E. Williams
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Animators-Survival-Kit-Richard-
Williams/dp/0571238343
Paperback. Pub Date :2009-12-08 Pages: 392 Language: English
Publisher: Faber & Faber Animation is one of the hottest and most creative
areas of filmmaking today During his more than 40 years in the business.
Richard Williams has. been one of the true innovators. and serves as the
link between the golden age of animation by hand and the new computer
animation successes.In this book. based on his sold-out Animation
Masterclass in the United States and across Europe. Williams provides the
underlying principles of animation that very animator - from beginner to
expert. classic animator to computer animation whiz - needs. Using
hundreds of drawings. William distills the secrets of the masters into a
working system in order to create a book that has become the standard
work on all forms of animation for professionals. students and fans.]
Some of the quotes I found are @

https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/animation
This Assignment can also be found @:

http://squishynickmedia.weebly.com/assignments.html
My Website: https://nickdavies.weebly.com
My College Website: http://squishynickmedia.weebly.com

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Animation - Assignment 1 - 25/09/17-06/11/17

Nicholas Davies - Animation - Assignment 1 - 25/09/17

Animation is hand drawn, or nowadays digitally drawn, images. Each image

There are many examples of where animation is used. Cartoons on TV or

There is a difference between animations and videos. Videos is where the

frame whereas animation is frame by frame glued together. They are

Steven Spielberg - Well. luckily with animation, fantasy is your friend.

Work, Morning, Great - Animation is a great way to work. No early morning

Ralph Bakshi - Cartooning at its best is a fine art. Im a cartoonist who

Animation dates back to 1877 in France where Charles-mile Reynaud

In 1914 a new form of animation came to light. Earl Hurd created a

Walt Disney - Animation offers a medium of storytelling and visual

Rotoscoping is an animation technique used by animators to trace over

Stop motion or stop frame animation was invented by Stuart Blackton, it is

Eadweard Muybridge invented the Zoopraxiscope in the 1880s. It is a

The Cuphead character was inspired by a World War 2 Japanese

Cyanide and Happiness YouTube Channel -

Pencilmation YouTube Channel -

MTV UK (Music Television) founded in 1st July 1997 where

Gorillaz are an English virtual band created in 1998 by musician Damon

Animation has no limits, there is no realism in any animation unless the

John Lasseter - Computers dont create computer animation any more

Bitmap (Raster Image) and Vector Image:

Vector images are smaller than bitmap images. Thats because a

into bitmaps images before they can be used on the internet.

Colour Space (RGB):

Colour space, Colour Model or Colour System is an abstract mathematical

or 4 values of colour components. Every colour in a digital image is made

more consistent results.

How many colours can be made with RGB?

Digital Animation, or more commonly known as CGI (computer generated

2D CGI was first used in movies in 1973s Westworld

and the first use of 3D Imagery was

CGI uses an extremely large amount of vectors which is maths, in order to

Tim Burton - In Hollywood, they think drawn animation doesnt work

The Uncanny Valley is very important to understand.

Here is a link to 10 Creepy examples of the Uncanny Valley

The chocolate company Galaxy created an advert resurrecting Audrey

won several awards. Despite resurrecting a woman from 1993.

famous actors and actresses from the dead.

FPS, or Frame Rate is Frame Per Second, is the frequency in which a

The higher the frames the more performance needed.

With this application you can:

Interactive Media Graphics:

Transcript of Applications of interactive media graphics. Interactive Media

Optimising and Compression:

Performance Capture & Motion Capture:

Motion Capture is the process of

main actors/actresses are digitally edited over the top.

How Motion Capture Really Works in Movies:

Marjane Satrapi - I think animation is like running a marathon, and making

David Tennant - Animation is a fascinating area from an acting point of

providing a portion of the performance. Thats very inspiring and it forces

The Resolution and Aspect Ratio is the width to height of an image on a

Another convention is to express the number of pixels as a single number,

Web Animation Software:

More and more graphic softwares support features of creating 2D animated

There are five main types of web animation:

4. Purely Decorative Animations:

Tom Wujec - What is it about animation, graphics, illustrations, that create

Tim Burton - In Hollywood, they think drawn animation doesnt work

In bookstores and online there is an Animation Survival Kit written by

Some of the quotes I found are @