4 137

4
1. 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104
2.
1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3
3.
4.
5.

4-1 -

1 p.165

H

OH
HCl
HCl

HCl(aq)H2O(l) Cl (aq)H3O (aq)

HCl(aq) H (aq)Cl (aq)

CH3COOH(aq) H (aq)

CH3COO (aq)

NaOH(aq) Na (aq)OH (aq)

NH3(aq)H2O(l) NH4 (aq)

OH NH3(aq)H2O(l)

(aq)OH (aq)
(aq) NH4

138 ()

1

(A) (B)
(C) H (D)
(E)

[]
(A) H(C) H

[]
(A) (B)
H (C) (D)

(B) H
(C)

(D)

2
HCO3
(A) HCO3(aq)H3O(aq) 2 H2O(l)CO2(g)
(B) HCO3(aq)HCl(aq) H2O(l)CO2(g)Cl(aq)
(C) HCO3(aq)CH3COOH(aq) H2CO3(aq)CH3COO(aq)
(D) HCO3(aq)H2O(l) CO32(aq)H3O(aq)
(E) HCO3(aq)HPO42(aq) CO32(aq)H2PO4(aq)

[]
HCO3 CO32

[]
(A) NH4 (B) CH3COO (C) H2O (D) HPO32 (E) HS

(A) H NH4 NH3H

(B) CH3COO H CH3COOH

(D) H3PO3 HPO32 H
2
HPO3 H H2PO3
 4 139

2 p.167

NH3(aq)H2O(l) NH4(aq)OH(aq)
1 2 1 2

(1) NH3NH4 NH4 NH3

(2) Cl HClHClCl

a. 1H
(3) b.


HClNH4
(4) NH3Cl

3
3

HSO4 CN
(A) ______ HCNSO42 (B) HCO3H 2O
____ CO32H3O
(C) NH3H2O NH4 OH
_____ NH2 H2O
(D) _____ NH3OH
2
(E) H2SO3SO
_____
3 2 HSO3

[]

(A) HSO4CN HCNSO42 (B) HCO3H2O CO32H3O


(C) NH3H2O NH4 OH (D) NH2 H2O NH3OH

(E) H2SO3SO32 2 HSO3

[]
(A) H2CO3(aq)CO2(aq) (B) HCl(aq)Cl(aq) (C) NaOH(aq)OH(aq)
(D) HClO4(aq)HClO3(aq) (E) NH3(aq)NH4(aq) H

140 ()

3 p.168

1.

HI pKa9.5Perrin, D.D. Dissociation constants of inorganic acids and bases in

aqueous solution. Butterworths, London, 1969
HClO4 pKa8Housecroft, C.E. ; Sharpe, A.G.(2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.).
Prentice Hall. p.171
2.
(1) 100

1 HClHIHBrHClO4HNO3H2SO4

2 IA LiOH Ca(OH)2Sr(OH)2Ba(OH)2

(2)

1 CH3COOHH2CO3HFH2S

2 LiOHNH3Mg(OH)2CH3NH2
 4 141

4

H3OH3PO4CH3COOHH2SH2O
(A) H2SOHHSH2O (B) H3PO4CH3COOH2PO4CH3COOH
(C) H2SH2O HSH3O (D) H2OH3PO4 H3OH2PO4
(E) CH3COOHHS CH3COOH2S

[]

(A) H2SH2O(B) H3PO4CH3COOH(C) H2SH3O(D) H3PO4H3O(E) CH3COOHH2S

[] 1.
1. (1) HX 1.0 M
HX HY HZ
0.1
M 0.01 0.1 0.9 1 1 (2) 1.0 M HXHY HZ
HZHYHX
a% 3 0.3 0.1 0.3 10 HZHYHX
(A) HZHYHX (B) HXHYHZ (C) HYHZHX (D) HXHZHY


2. HSO4(aq)CH3COO(aq) SO42(aq)CH3COOH(aq)
CH3COOH(aq)HS(aq) CH3COO(aq)H2S(aq)() CH3COOH()
NaHSO4() H2S [H]
(A) (B) (C) (D)

2. (1) HSO4 CH3COO SO42 CH3COOH HSO4 CH3COOH

CH3COOHHS

CH3COO H2S CH3COOHH2S

HSO4 CH3COOHH2S
() () ()

(2) [H ] [H ]

5
H
(A) NO3 (B) Cl (C) CN (D) ClO4

[]

HClO4HClHNO3HCNCNNO3ClClO4

[]
(A) H2O (B) HCl (C) CH3CO2H (D) NH3 90.


HClCH3CO2HH2ONH3

Cl CH3CO2 OH NH2
142 ()

*

( ) 1.
(A) HCOOH2O HCOOHOH
(B) HCOOHOH HCOOH2O
(C) NH3H2O NH4OH
(D) HCO3H3O H2OH2CO3

(E) CN H2O HCNOH 1. (D) H3O

( ) 2.
(A) OH
(B)
(C) H
(D)
(E)
2. (D)

( ) 3. HSO4 HFCH3COOHNH4 0.1 M

(A) HSO4H3COO (B) HSO4NH3 (C) HSO4F (D) SO42NH4
(E) HSO4NH4 3.

HSO4 NH3

( ) 4. NH2H2O NH3OHOHHCN

4. NH2 OH OH CN
H2OCN
NH2
(A) NH2 (B) OH (C) CN (D) H2O (E) NH3

( ) 5. () H2O() CO32()
HPO42() HPO32() H2PO2 5.

(A) (B) (C) () H2OH H3O H2O H OH
2 2
() CO3 H CO3 H HCO3
(D) (E) 2 3 2
() HPO4 PO4 H HPO4 H H2PO4

2 2
() HPO3 H HPO3 H H2PO3

() H2PO2 H H2PO2 H H3PO2
 4 143

*( ) 6. CH3COOH(aq)HS (aq) H2S(aq)CH3COO (aq)

6. (A) HS CH3COOH (E) H2SCH3COOH

(A) HS CH3COOH
(B) H2S HS
(C) CH3COO CH3COOH
(D) HS CH3COO
(E) H2S CH3COOH

*( ) 7.
(A) NH3CH3OOHSO4ClO4
(B) NH4NH3NH2
(C) HClO4HClO3HClO2HClO
(D) HIHBrHClHF
(E)
7. (A)

(B) NH4 NH3NH2
(E)

*( ) 8. 93.
(A) CaO (B) MgO (C) N2O5 (D) P4O10 (E) ZnO 8.
(C) N2O5H2O 2 HNO3
(D) P4O106 H2O 4 H3PO4

9.

(1) (2)
(3) (4)

(1) Na2HPO4(2) NaH2PO4(3) KF(4) HF
144 ()

4-2

1 Ka p.173

1.
2.
(1) HA

HA(aq)H2O(l) H3O(aq)A(aq)
[H3O][A]
Ka Ka
[HA]
(2) H3O H
[H][A]
Ka [HA]
3. Ka
HA H A
Co 0 0
CoX X X
2
X
Ka
CoX
Co
X CoXCo
X2

1 Ka [H]X KaCo
C o

[H] Ka
2
C
o Co
(1) 5
(2) [H]
(3) Ka

1
1.0M pH 4.0
(1) Ka (2)

[] (1) 108(2) 0.01

(1) HA H A
1
1104 104 104
4 4
10 10
Ka 108
1104
104
(2) 1 100 0.01
 4 145
[] 1. 25 0.1 M
(a) HFKa6.7104(b) H2SKa1.0107(c) CH3COOHKa
1.810 5

(A) [H](b) (B)(a) (C)(c) (D) 0.1M HF(aq)

Ka
1. (A) Ka[H ] [H ] a(C) a
Co

(D)

2. 0.1 M 8 Ka
(A) 8.0102 (B) 8.0104 (C) 8.7102 (D) 6.96104


2. HF H F
0.1 0 0
0.008 0.008 0.008
0.092 0.008 0.008
( 0.008 )2
Ka 6.9610 4
0.092

2 p.174

1. [H ][OH ]Kw Kw

pKw
Kc Kw
pHpOH
[H ] pH
16 14 7
T25 1.810 10 1.810 7 14 10 M 7
16 14 7
T25 1.810 10 1.810 7 14 10 M 7
16 14 7
T25 1.810 10 1.810 7 14 10 M 7
2. HF
[HF]0[HF][F]
3.


HF [H ][F ][OH ]

2 KW
Kw 25 1.01014
(A) 80 pKw14 (B) 65 pOH7 pH7
(C) 4 pOH7 (D) 80 pOHpH14

[]
25 Kw[H][OH]1.01014 Kw pHpOH
(A) 80 pKw14(B) 65pHpOH14 pOH7 pH7(C)
4pHpOH14 pHpOH7(D) 80 pOHpH14
146 ()
[] K KW
KW K
(A) K (B) KW (C) 25 K1.81016 (D) pH1 10
55.5 [H2O]
25 [OH] (E) K KW

[H ][OH ] KW

(B) K K KWK[H2O ]
[H2O] [H2O]
KW KW'
(D) 25 [OH ] 10 [OH ] KWKW'
0.1 0.1

[OH ]

3 Kb p.177

1.
2.
B HB

B(aq)H2O(l) BH(aq)OH(aq)
[BH][OH]
Kb Kb
[B]
3. Kb Kb
Kb Kb
Kb
4. Kb (1) [OH] CoKb (2) Co Co

3
NH3 Kb1.8105 0.500 M
(A) [OH][NH4][H] (B) [H]3103 M (C) [NH3][NH4]0.5 M
(D) [NH4]3103 M (E) [NH3][NH4][H][OH]

[]
NH3H2O NH4OH
0.5
0.5x x x
x2
5
0.5 1.810
(B) x[NH4][OH]3103
(E) [NH3][OH][NH4][H][OH][NH4]

[] 0.1 M pH 11NH3(aq)H2O
NH4(aq)OH(aq)

(A) 100 (B) 10 (C) 1 (D) 0.1 pH11[OH ]10 3 M

10 3

100 1
0.1
 4 147

4 Ka Kb p.179

1.

[H][A]
HA(aq) H (aq)A (aq) Ka [HA]

[HA][OH]
A (aq)H2O(l) HA(aq)OH Kb
(aq)
[A]
2. Ka Kb
[H][A] [HA][OH]
KaKb [HA] [H][OH]Kw
[A]
Kw Ka Kb

25
Ka Kb
2
5.91013

H2SO3 1.710 HSO3
HSO4 1.3102 SO42 7.71013
CH3COOH 1.8105 CH3COO 5.61010
H2CO3 4.4107 HCO3 2.3108
NH4 5.81010 NH3 1.7105
HCO3 4.71011 CO32 2.1104

4
K1K2 Kw
CH3COOH(aq)H2O(l) CH3COO(aq)H3O(aq) K11.8105
CH3COO(aq)H2O(l) CH3COOH(aq)OH(aq) K2
2H2O(l) H3O(aq)OH(aq) Kw
50 mL0.50 M

(A) K1 K2 (B) 5.0 mL0.10 M HCl(aq) K1
(C) Kw K1 K2 (D) K25.61010 97.

[]
KW 1014 10
(A)(D) KWK1K2 K2
K1 1.81010 5.610
K25.61010 K1K2(B) K1 (C) KWK1K2
148 ()
[]

10 Ka H2PO4 NH4
NH4 (aq) NH3(aq)H (aq)Ka5.710 2
NH3HPO4
2 8
H2PO4 (aq) HPO4 (aq)H (aq)Ka6.310

93.
HPO42

(A) NH4 (B) NH3 (C) H2PO4 (D)

5 p.180

1. H

3
H3PO4(aq) H2PO4 (aq)H (aq)Ka17.110
8
H2PO4 (aq) HPO42 (aq)H (aq)Ka26.310
3
HPO42 (aq) PO4 (aq)H (aq)Ka34.410 13
2. Kan
(1) Kan1 Kan Ka1Ka2Ka3


Ka1 Ka2 Ka3
H2SO4 1.3102
H3PO4 7.1103 6.3108 4.41013
H2CO3 4.4107 4.71011
H2S 1.0107 1.21015
(2) Ka1
(3)
 4 149

5
H2C2O4 Ka1 Ka2 6.4102 6.0105 0.10 M
89.
2
(A) [H2C2O4]0.10 M (B) [H ]0.20 M (C) [HC2O4 ]8.010 M
(D) [C2O42]6.0105 M

[]
H2C2O4 HC2O4 H
[HC2O4][H]
0.1x xy xy Ka1 [H C O ] 6.410 2
2 2 4
2
HC2O4 C2O4 H [C2O42][H]
K a 2 6.010 5
xy y xy [HC2O4]
x2
Ka1 6.4102 Ka1 0.1x x
0.1x
H2S x y


x[HC2O4 ][H ]0.0485 M H2S H HS
0.01
yx 0.01x xy xy
Ka2 x 6.0105 y[C2O42]6.0105 M

HS H S2
x x
[] 0.01 M xy xy y
( xy )( xy )
Ka11.610 7Ka24.010 12
0.01x
1.610 7

(A) [H ]0.02 M ( xy )y
4.010 12
4
xy
(B) [HS ]1.610 M
x4.010 5My4.010 12

2 12 M
(C) [S ]4.010 M

(A) [H ]xy4.010 5M
(D) [H ][HS ][S2 ] 5
(B) [HS ]xy4.010 M(C)

[S2 ]y4.010 12 M(D)


[H ][HS ]2[S2 ]

[OH ]

6
H3PO4 Ka17.1103Ka26.2108
Ka34.41013 0.1 M H3PO4
(A) [H3PO4][H2PO4][HPO42][PO43]0.1 M (B) [H2PO4]2 [HPO42]
3 [PO43][OH][H] (C) [H2PO4][H]4.2103 M (D) [HPO42]
6.2108 M (E) [PO43]1.21018 M

[]
x2
3
(A)(B)(C) 0.1x 7.110 x0.0229 M[H ][H2PO4 ]
[H][HPO42] [H][PO43]
8 13 3 18
(D) [H2PO4] Ka26.210 (E) [HPO42] 4.410 [PO4 ]1.210

[] H3PO4 Ka1
Ka2 Ka3 Ka Ka
1 2

(A) Ka3Ka2Ka1 (B) Ka1Ka2Ka3 (C) Ka1Ka2Ka2Ka3 (D) Ka2Ka1Ka3

150 ()

*

( ) 1.

(A) [H] (B) (C) (D) H
(E) pH 1. CH3COOH

CH3COO H (A) [H ]

(B) Ka (C) (D) H

( ) 2. C4H8O2H1.0C12.0O16.0 25
Ka410 6 2.20 g 100 mL

pH 85.
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 2.2
88 6 3
2. [C4H8O2] 0.25M[H ] C0Ka 0.25410 110
100
1000

pHlog [H ]log 110 33

( ) 3. CH3COOH(aq)Ka2.5105 [H] CH3COOH(aq)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

3. [H ] CKa
Ka
C[H ] Cm (B)
C

( ) 4. HKa HNO27.1104H2S1.0107
CH3COOH2.0105 HCN1.01010
(A) Cl (B) HS (C) CH3COO (D) CN (E) NO2

4. KWKaKb Ka H

( ) 5. C5H5N Kb 1.5109 0.20 M pH

(A) 4.79 (B) 6.39 (C) 7.21 (D) 9.24 (E) 10.35
5. C5H5NH2O C5H5NHOH Kb1.5109[OH] C0Kb
9
0.21.510 3 10 M pOHlog [OH]log
5

3 1054.76 pH14pOH144.769.24

( ) 6. 25 0.100 M 1.34 0.0200 M

(A) 0.27 (B) 1.34 (C) 3.0 (D) 4 (E) 6.7 1 C2 1.34 0.02
6.
2 C1 2 0.10
21.34 5 3.0
 4 151

[A ]
( ) 7. HA [HA] pH

Ka
(A) 5106 (B) 2105
(C) 2104 (D) 5104
(E) 6104

7. HA(aq) H (aq)A (aq)

[H ][A ] [A ]
Ka 2 pH5 [H ]10 5 Ka
[HA] [HA]

Ka210 5

( ) 8. HA 1.0106 Kb
(A) 1.0105 (B) 1.0106 (C) 1.0107 (D) 1.0108 (E) 1.0109
14
Kw 10
8. Kb 6 10 8
Kb 10

( ) 9. pH3 CH3COOH 10 mL 1000 mL pH

CH3COOH Ka1.8105
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7 93.

9. CH3COOH CH3COO H
C
x x x
Cx x x
x2
Ka Cxx
Cx
1 1
x[H ] KaC [H ] C 100 [H ] pH4
100 10

( )10. 9.00102 M H2SO4 pH 1.00 H2SO4 H

HSO4 Ka
(A) 1.10102 (B) 1.25102 (C) 1.25103 (D) 2.50103 (E) 1.00103

10. H2SO4 H HSO4
0.09
0 0.09 0.09

HSO4 H SO42
0.09 0.09
0.09x 0.09x x
0.10.01
0.09x0.1 x0.01 M Ka 1.2510 2
0.08
( )11.

2 2
(1) Mn(OH)2(s)Cd (aq) Mn (aq)Cd(OH)2(s) 44
(2) Cu(OH)2(s)Ni (aq)
2
Cu2
(aq)Ni(OH)2(s) 8105
2 2
(3) Mg(OH)2(s)Mn (aq) Mg (aq)Mn(OH)2(s) 36
(4) Cd(OH)2(s) Ni2(aq) Cd2(aq)Ni(OH)2(s) 7.5
pH 94.
(A) Ni(OH)2 (B) Mg(OH)2 (C) Mn(OH)2 (D) Cu(OH)2 (E) Cd(OH)2
11. 11(1) Mn(OH)2Cd(OH)2
(2) Ni(OH)2Cu(OH)2(3) Mg(OH)2Mn(OH)2(4) Cd(OH)2
Ni(OH)2 Mg(OH)2Mn(OH)2Cd(OH)2Ni(OH)2Cu(OH)2 pH
(D) Cu(OH)2
152 ()
*( )12. 100 mL pH3 pH3


(A) [H ] (B) (C)
(D) (E)

12. (A) [H ] 10 3

(B) [HCl]0[H ] 10 3[CH3COOH]0[H ]10 3
[CH3COOH ] [HCl]

(C) H mol mol[]Vn[]0.11
[CH3COOH ] [HCl] H2

(E) [H ]

*( )13. 0.10 M HCN HCN Ka4.0109

(A)
(B) [H] (C) [OH][CN] (D) [CN][HCN]0.10 M
13. (A)
(E) [H][CN][OH]
(B) HCN H CN
0.1x x x
x2 9
410 x210 5
0.1x

[H ][CN ][OH ]

[H ]

*( )14. pH 6.5
(A) (B) pOH 7.5 (C) (D)
(E) 88.
14. (A)(B) pHpOH6.5(D) TKW(E) T

*( )15. HNO2 78.

2
(A) 1 M HNO2 pH 10 M HNO2
2
(B) 1 M HNO2 [H ] 10 M HNO2
(C) 1 M HNO2 102 M HNO2
(D) 1 M HNO2 102 M NHO2

15. (A)(B) C0[H ]pH(C) Ka (D) [H ]

*( )16. 0.02 M 100 mL 0.20 M Ka1.810 5100 mL

200 mL 69.

(A) [H ] 0.11 molL 16. (B) [H ][H ]HCl[H ]CH COOH[H ]HCl
3
100
(B) [H] 0.01 molL

0.02 0.01 M(C) [CH3COO ]
100+100
1
(C) [CH3COO] 1.34103 molL 0.2
2
[CH3COOH] 5
Ka 1.810
(D) [CH3COOH] 0.1 molL
[H ] 0.01
4
1.810 M(D) CH3COOH
(E) [Cl] 0.02 molL [CH3COOH][CH3COOH]0

0.02100
0.1 M(E) [Cl ] 0.01 M
200
 4 153

( ) 1. 0.1M HCl0.05M H2SO40.1M H3PO4
pH H3PO4Ka17.510 3Ka26.310 8Ka34.410 13

H2SO4Ka1Ka21.3102
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

1. HCl H Cl
0.1

0 0.1 0.1 [H ]0.1 M

H2SO4 H HSO4 HSO4 H SO42
0.05 0.05 0.05
0 0.05 0.05 0.05x 0.05x x
x ( 0.05x )
1.310 2 [H ]0.050.1
0.05x

H3PO4 H H2PO4
0.1
x2
0.1x x x 7.510 3
0.1x

x0.024 M [H ]

( ) 2. H2S HHS Ka1HS HS2 Ka2

H2S 2 HS2 Ka 0.1 M H2S(aq) pH4
[S2]1014 M
(A) Ka1108 (B) Ka21012 (C) Ka1014 (D) Ka21011 (E) Ka1021

2. [H ]10 4 M [S2 ]10 14 M

H2S H HS Ka 1
1
0.1x xy xy

HS H S2 Ka 2
2
xy xy y

1 2 H2S 2H S2 KaKa Ka
1 2
0.1x xy y
H2S Ka Ka 0.1 xy
1 2

[H ]10 4 Mxy x10 4
14 14
[S2 ]10 y y10

( xy ) ( xy ) 10 410 4
( xy ) ( y ) 10 410 14
Ka 10 7Ka 14 10 14
1 ( 0.1x ) 0.1 2 ( xy ) 10
KaKa Ka 10 710 1410 21

1 2
154 ()

4-3

1 p.185

1.
(1)



(2) KHP


1 C1

2 V2C2 KHP

3
2 3


4


5 V1 H mol OH

mol
2.
(1)

1

(2)
(3)
(4)

3.
(1) H OH



H OH


1

CH3COOH(aq)NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq)H2O(l)
CAVACBVB
CACB VAVB
 4 155

2 1 2

H2SO4(aq)2 NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq)2 H2O(l)

2CAVA1CBVB
(2)
mCAVAnCBVB
m H n OH
4.



5. 25 pH 7

1
NaOH

(A)
(B)
(C) NaOH
(D) NaOH 84.

[]
(D) NaOH CO2

[]
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
(A)
(B) NaOH CH3COOH

(C)
(D)
(E)
156 ()

2
1.50 g 50 mL 30 mL 0.5 M NaOH
40 mL NaOH
(A) 60 (B) 90 (C) 120 (D) 150

[]
1.50 30 40
2 M 50 0.5 1000
M90

[] 1. 35.0 mL 0.512 g 0.100 M

40.0 mLN14S32Cl35.5
I127 88.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0.512 40.0 M

1.
M
m0.1001
1000
0.004 mol
m
128m1

2. 0.1 M 20 mL H2SO4 H2SO4

10 mL MNaOH40
(A) 0.01 (B) 0.05 (C) 0.1 (D) 0.5 2. NaOH H2SO4
10.1202CM10

C CM0.1M H2SO4

3
C C6H6O6 C
0.500 40.0 0.100 M NaOH 0.100 M NaOH
15.0 C
(A) 95 (B) 88 (C) 72 (D) 53

[]
C HmolHCl HmolNaOH OHmol
0.5x
0.1151030.140103x 88
174

[] K2CO3(s) 0.690 g 0.100 M HCl(aq) 50.0 mL

0.150 N NaOH(aq) 2.0 mL
K2CO3(s) K39
(A) 4.7 (B) 47 (C) 53 (D) 94

K2CO3 x K2CO3 NaOH HCl
0.690x 2.0 50.0
0.150 10.100
138 1000 1000
( )
2
x47 47
 4 157

2 p.187

1.
[H]

HIn(aq) H(aq)In(aq)

(1) pH5 HIn (2) pH8 In
(3) pH 58

2.
pH

pH

7

0.10 M NaOH(aq) 0.10 M

HCl(aq) 50.00 mL

pH

7


158 ()

pH

ph7

0.10 M NaOH(aq) 0.10 M

CH3COOH(aq) 50.00 mL

pH7

0.10 M 0.10 M
50.00 mL

4

pH



(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 98.

[]

[]
(A) (B)
(C) pH 810
(D) 0.1 M NaOH 0.1 M


(B)
 4 159

5
HCl(aq) 50 mL 0.1 M NaOH(aq)

(1) NaCl
(2) ABD pH XYZ XYZ
(3)
pH
0.01.6
1.22.8
8.210
R 10.112.0

[] (1) C0.05 M(2) X1Y4Z10(3)

(1)C NaOH(aq) 50 mL nNaClnNaOH
0.150
[NaCl] 0.05M
5050

(2)nHnOH
[HCl]5010.1501 [HCl]0.1M [H]0.1 MpH1 X1
B 49.9 mL NaOH(aq) HCl(aq)
0.1500.149.9
[HCl]' 10 4M
5049.9
[H]104 M pH4 Y4
D 50.1 mL NaOH(aq) NaOH(aq) NaOH(aq)
0.150.10.150
[NaOH]' 10 4M [OH ]10 4 MpOH4
50.150
pH14410 Z10
(3) pH 410

160 ()
[]
25 mL
1.0 M 3.0 mL


(A) 0.30 M
[NaOH]X M[H2SO4]Y M
(B) 0.15 M
50 mL nHnOH
(C) 0.20 M
Y252X501 XY
(D) 0.15 M
70 mL 1 M 3.0 mL
(E) 705020mL

Y201131 Y0.15M
XY0.15M [H2SO4]
[NaOH]0.15M

6
Ka2105 100
0.5 M NaOH(aq)
(1)
(2) NaOH(aq) 10 mL [pH]
log 20.30

[] (1) 0.1 M(2) 4.7

(1) NaOH(aq) 20
x M
nHnOH
x10010.5201 x0.1M
(2)pHpKa51og 24.7

] pH 3.0 1.0 L 90.

(A) HCl CH3COOH
3
(B) H 1.010 M
4
(C) 2.0 L H 5.010 M
(D) 0.010 M NaOH(aq)
(E) 0.010 M NaOH(aq) NaOH



(B) pH 3 [H ]10 3 M

(C) HCl 5.010 4 CH3COOH(aq) [H ]
4
5.010
(D)pH7pH9
(E) NaOH
 4 161

*

( ) 1.


(A) (B) (C) (D) 1.

( ) 2. 0.1 M 20 mL 0.1 M
(A) 20 mL (B) 20 mL (C) 20 mL (D) 10 mL (E) 30 mL
2. 0.1200.1 VV20mL

( ) 3. 89.
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
(E)

3. (A)(C)(D) H OH (E)

( ) 4.

CaCO3 100 1.8

Ca(OH)2 74 2.0
(A) CaCO3
NH3 17 6.5
(B) Ca(OH)2
NaOH 40 11.5
(C) NH3
(D) NaOH 82.
4. CaCO3 Ca(OH)2 NH3
NaOH

NH3H2O NH4 OH NaOH(aq) Na OH
100 74
CaCO3 1.80.18Ca(OH)2 2.00.148
1000 1000
217 240
NH3 6.50.221NaOH 11.50.92
1000 1000

( ) 5. 3.24.4
4.26.3

[H ] M 4.58.3
3 5 6
(A) 110 (B) 210 (C) 510
7
(D) 610
5. pH4.4 pH5.0 (B)
162 ()
( ) 6. 150 1.5 g 1.0 M
NaOH 20 mL
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 4 6. NaOH
1.5 20
11.0 n2
150 1000
( )
n

( ) 7. HCl 0.10 M 25 mL NaHCO3 0.10 M

HCl 85.
(A) (B) (C) (D)

7. HCl NaHCO3 pH (A)(B)

(C) pH7 pH7 (D)

*( ) 8. 0.1 M NaOH(aq) () 0.1 M HCl(aq) () 0.1 M CH3COOH(aq) 1

(A) (B) pH ()()
(C) NaOH(aq) ()() (D) NaOH(aq)
()() (E)()()
8. (A)(B) HCl(aq) CH3COOH(aq)

HCl(aq) [H ] pH (C) NaOH(aq) ()()(D)()
()
()()(E)

*( ) 9. [C6H4(COOH)(COOK)] KHP 204

0.355 KHP X 50.0 mL Y
20.0mL Z NaOH
NaOH 27.6mL

() V 20 mL 50 mL
93.

() ()
(A) X () (B) Y () (C)
NaOH () (D)
Z() (E)()
21.850.01 mL 9. (B) Y (D)
(E) 21.800.01 mL
 4 163
10. 0.1 M NaOH(aq) HCl(aq) 25 mL
log 20.3
(1) A pH
(2) NaOH(aq) 15 mL [H] M
(3) C pH
(4) NaOH(aq) 55 mL [H] M
(1) 0.7(2) 8.7510 2(3) 7(4) 1.610 12


10. NaOH(aq) 50 mL
(1) nH nOH
[HCl]251 0.1501 [HCl]0.2M

[H ]0.2 MpH0.7
0.2250.115
(2) [HCl]' 8.7510 2M
2515
(3) pH7
0.1550.225
(4) [NaOH]' 6.2510 3M
5525


110 14 12
[OH ] 6.2510 3[H ] 1.610 M
6.2510 3

*( ) 1. 2 g 0.5 M NaOH(aq) 44 mL
0.2 M H2SO4(aq) 5 mL H2SO4(aq)
CH3COOH60
(A) 30 (B) 40 (C) 50 (D) 60 1. 0.5440.22520 mmol
20 1.2
601.2g 100 60
1000 2
164 ()

4-4

1 p.196

1.

2.

(1)
NH4ClCaF2
NaClKI

(2)
FeSO4Na2CO3
CaSO4Pb(NO3)2K2HPO3

NaHCO3

KHSO4

KH2PO4K2HPO4

Ca(HSO4)2
KH2PO3

Bi(OH)(NO3)2

Cu(OH)CH3COO
Cu2(OH)2CO3Ca(OH)Cl
Zn(OH)ClCu(OH)NO3

(1) KAl(SO4)212 H2OK

Al3

(2) M 1M 3(SO4)212 H2O

K4[Fe(CN)6]

K4[Fe(CN)6](s)
H2O
4 K (aq)[Fe(CN)6]4 (aq)



 4 165

1

(A) Na2C2O4 (B) NaHSO4 (C) NaHCO3 (D) NaH2PO2 (E) Na2HPO3 (F) Na2HPO4
(G) Ca(OH)NO3 (H) MgNH4PO4 (I) K3[Fe(CN)6]

[] BCF
H
ADE
G
I

[]
(A) NaHCO3 (B) Ag(NH3)2Cl (C) Bi(OH)2(NO3)
(D) KFe(SO4)2 (E) NaH2PO2
(B)(C)(D)

2 p.198

1. H OH
2.


HNO3(aq)KOH(aq) KNO3(aq)H2O(l)

(1) K NO3
(2)


1

Na K Rb ClBrI
2
Ca2Sr2Ba2 ClO4NO3SO42
166 ()
3.



H (aq)NO3 (aq)NH3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)

NH4NO3(aq) NH4 (aq)NO3 (aq)

(1)

Kb1.710 5

Kw
NH4 (aq) NH3(aq)H (aq) Ka 5.910 10
Kb

C0
C0x x x

Kw [NH3][H ] xx x2
Ka C0
x
Kb [NH4 ] C0x C0

Kw
[H ] C0
Kb
(2)
4.


K(aq)OH(aq)CH3COOH(aq) CH3COOK(aq)H2O(l)
CH3COOK(aq) CH3COO(aq)K(aq)


(1) Ka1.810 5

Kw
CH3COO(aq)H2O(l) CH3COOH(aq)OH(aq) Kb K 5.61010
a

C0
C0x x x
2
Kw [CH3COOH][OH ] xx x
Kb C0
x
Ka [CH3COO ] C0x C0
Kw
[OH ] C0
Kb
(2)
5.
(1) KaKb NH4NO2
(2) KaKb CH3COONH4
(3) KaKb NH4CN
10 10
NH4 Ka5.910 CH3COO Kb5.610
 4 167
6.

HA H A2 K'Ka

HA H2O H2AOH KKb
(1) KaKb

HSO4 HSO3 HC2O4 H2PO4 H2PO3
(2) KbKa

HCO3 HS HPO42


NaH2PO4 Na2HPO4 Na3PO4
H3PO4

NaH2PO3 Na2HPO3
H3PO3

NaH2PO2
H3PO2

3 8 13
H3PO4 Ka17.110 Ka26.310 Ka34.410
7.

A Na KRbCs

A Ca2Sr2Ba2


n
Mg2Al3

M n H2O M(OH)nn H
ClO4IBrCl

NO3SO42

HSO4HSO3HC2O4

H2PO4H2PO3


FCO32HCO3HS

HA H2O H2AOH
AH2O HAOH HPO42PO43
168 ()

2

(A) CH3COO(aq)CN(aq)F(aq) (B) Cu2(aq)Be2(aq)Fe2(aq)Al3(aq)
(C) Al3(aq)HSO3(aq)Na(aq) (D) K(aq)Ba2(aq)Na(aq)
(E) ClO4NO3(aq)SO42(aq)

[]
(C)HSO3 H H Al3 Na
(E)

[]
(A) NO3HSSO42 (B) NaCa2Al3
(D) NH4 Mg2 Ba2

(C) CH3COO F CN


(A) HS

(B) Al3
2
(D) Ba

3
0.1 M () NH3() NH4Cl() CH3COOH
() CH3COONa() CH3COONH4 pH
NH3Kb1.8105 CH3COOHKa1.8105 98.
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

[]
() NH3(aq) NH3H2O NH4OHKb1.8105
() NH4Cl(aq) Ka
14
Kw 1.010
NH4 H2O NH3H3O Ka K 5.61010
b 1.8105
() CH3COOH(aq) CH3COOH CH3COOHKa1.8105
() CH3COONa(aq) Kb
14
Kw 1.010
CH3COOH2O CH3COOHOHKb K 5.61010
a 1.8105
() CH3COONH4(aq) KaKb
Ka pH Kb pH
pH

[]
(A) CH3COONH4 (B) CuSO4 (C) Na2CO3 (D) KCl



 4 169

4
0.1 M 100 mL C6H5COONa pH9

(A) 1 (B) 101 (C) 102 (D) 103

[] 5
pH9[H ]1.010 9[OH ]1.010
C6H5COO(aq)H2O C6H5COOH(aq)OH
X H2O HXOH

5 5
0.1 0 0 0.110 10 10 5
5 5
10 10 9
0.110 5
10 5
105 Kb 1.010
0.110 5

Kw 1.010 14
105 Ka
Kb
1.010
1.010 9
5

0.1 10010 2

3
[H ] KaC 1.010 51.0 1.010
pH3

[] KX 0.1 M pH9 0.1 M HX(aq) pH

(A) 3 (B) 11 (C) 6 (D) 8

5
Ka H2A4.4107HA4.71011H2X1.7102HX6.2108
H2Y1.0107HY1.31013
(A) NaHA (B) NaHX (C) Na2X (D) NaHY (E) H2Y

[]

(A) HA (B) HX (C) X2 (D) HY (E) H2Y
11 8 13
Ka 4.710 6.210 1.310 107
1014 1014 1014 1014
Kb
4.7107 1.7102 6.2108 107

KaKb(B)(E)

[] Ka1Ka2 0.10 M

H3PO4 H2CO3 H2S H2C2O4 H2SO3
3 7 8 3
Ka1 7.510 4.510 9.010 5.610 1.4102
Ka2 6.6108 4.71011 1.11012 5.4105 6.5108
(A) NaH2PO4 (B) NaHCO3 (C) NaHS (D) NaHC2O4 (E) NaHSO3 Ka
Kw

2 Ka

1
170 ()

*

( ) 1.

(A) NaHSO2 (B) Na2SO3 (C) Na2SO4 (D) Na2SO5 (E) Na2S2O3 92.
1. SO2H2O H2SO3 H2SO3NaOH Na2SO3 NaHSO3

( ) 2. 0.1 M pH
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 7 (D) 7 (E) 7 92.

2. Na2SO3Na SO32

( ) 3. 0.1 M pH 7
(A) HNO3KOH (B) HClNa2CO3
3. (A) KNO3 (B) NaHCO3
(C) H3PO4NaOH (D) HClO4NaOH (C) NaH2PO4 (D) NaClO4

( ) 4.

5. A (aq)H2O(l) HA(aq)OH (aq)
(A) 1 M H2SO4 100 mL1 M NaOH 200 mL 0.1
(B) 0.4 M H2SO3 100 mL0.8 M NaOH 100 mL x x x
0.1x x x
(C) 1 M H2SO3 100 mL1 M NaOH 100 mL
10 14
Kb 7
(D) 1 M H2C2O4 100 mL2 M NaOH 100 mL 10
14
x2 10
4. (A) Na2SO4(B) Na2SO3(C) NaHSO3(D) Na2C2O4 7
0.1x 10

x[OH ]10 4MpOH4pH10

( ) 5. Ka1107 0.1 M pH
(A) 8.0 (B) 9.0 (C) 10 (D) 11

( ) 6. 0.1 M NH4NO3
(A) [NO3] (B) [NH4] (C) [NH3] (D) [H]

6. NH4NO3(aq) NH4 (aq)NO3 (aq) [NO3 ]

NH4 (aq)H2O NH3(aq)H3O (aq)

( ) 7. 0.1 M (a) CH3COONa(b) NH4Cl(c) NH4(CH3COO)(d)

(NH4)HSO4 pH NH4 Ka5.71010
CH3COO Kb5.71010HSO4 Ka1.3102 86.
(A) cabd (B) cadb (C) acdb (D) acbd
7. (a) CH3COONa pH 9(b) NH4Cl pH 5(c) NH4(CH3COO) pH 7(d) (NH4)HSO4 pH 2
 4 171
( ) 8. H3PO4H3PO3H3PO2

(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
8. (A) NaH2PO4Na2HPO4Na3PO4NaH2PO3Na2HPO3NaH2PO2
(B)NaH2PO4Na2HPO4NaH2PO3
(C)NaH2PO4NaH2PO3
(D)NaH2PO4NaH2PO3
(E)Na3PO4Na2HPO3NaH2PO2

*( ) 9.
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2
9. (A) Ni 2 H2O Ni(OH)22 H
(D) 5 NaH2PO4NaH2PO3NaHSO4NaHSO3NaHC2O4

*( )10.
(A) NH4NO3 (B) KH2PO2
(C) NaHSO4 (D) Bi(OH)2NO3
(E) KAl(SO4)212 H2O 10. (A)(B)(D)

*( )11. 1.0 M
(A) FeS (B) PbCrO4 (C) BaSO4 (D) AgCl (E) CaCO3
11.

[H ]

(A) S2 2 H H2S
*( )12. 2
(B) 2CrO4 2 H

Cr2O72 H2O
2
(E) CO3 2 H CO2H2O
(A) Al3 (B) ClO4 (C) Ba2 (D) F (E) K

12. (A) Al3 Al3 (aq)3 H2O(l) Al(OH)3(s)3H (aq)

(B)(C)(E) ClO4 Ba2 K

(D) F F (aq)H2O(l) HF(aq)OH (aq)

1. H3PO4 Ka17.1103Ka26.3108Ka34.41013 1.0
M Na2HPO4
(1) HPO42
(2) HPO42
(3)
2

(1) HPO4 HPO43Ka34.41013

2
11014
1.6107

(2) HPO4 H2O H2PO4 OH Kb
6.3108
(3) KbKa3
1.

172 ()

4-5

1 p.204

1. pH
HA A
[H][A] [HA]
Ka [HA] [H] Ka
[A ]
2.
3.
(1) CH3COOHCH3COO

1 CH3COOHCH3COONa

2 CH3COOHNaOH CH3COONaH2O

CH3COOHCH3COONa

3 CH3COONaHCl CH3COOHNaCl

CH3COONaCH3COOH
(2) NH3NH4

1 NH3NH4Cl

2 NH3HCl NH4Cl

NH3NH4Cl

3 NH4Cl NaOH NH3NaClH2O

NH4ClNH3
4.
[A] [A]
(1) pHpKalog [HA] [HA] pKa
[A]
pH [HA]
log
(2) [A][HA] pH pKa
(3) 12 [A][HA]
pHpKa
(4) [A] [HA]
pHpKa1
5.
(1) pH pH
pH
(2) pH 7.35 7.45 7.35
7.45
 4 173

1
1.00 M 1 L Ka1.8105
(1) [H]
(2) 0.01 mol HCl(aq) [H]
(3) 0.01 mol NaOH(aq) [H]
(4) [H]

[] (1) 1.8105 M(2) 1.84105 M(3) 1.76105 M(4) [H] 1.76105 M

[HA] 5 1.0
1.00.01
(1) [H]Ka 1.810 1.0 1.8105 M(2) [H]1.8105
[A ] 1.00.01

1.00.01
1.8410 5 M(3) [H ]1.810 5 1.7610 5 M(4) [H ] pH
1.00.01

[] 0.001 mol NaOH 0.5 M CH3COOH 0.5 M CH3COONa 100 mL

[H] MCH3COOH Ka1.8105
(A) 1.2104 (B) 1.4106 (C) 1.7105 (D) 1.4102 (E) 1.9104


0.050.001
[H ]1.810 5 1.710 5 M
0.050.001

2
10 mL 0.1 M CH3COOH 0.1 M CH3COONa
N14Na23
(A) 0.01 M Ca(OH)2 30 mL (B) 0.05 M H2SO4(aq) 5 mL (C) 0.05 g
NaOH (D) STP HCl(g) 11.2 mL

[]
0.10.010.001 mol
0.10.010.001 mol
(A)0.010.0320.0006 mol0.001 mol
(B)0.05251030.0005 mol0.001 mol
0.05
(C) 40 0.00125 mol0.001 mol
11.2103
(D) 22.4 0.0005 mol0.001 mol

[] 0.4 M CH3COOH 500 mL 0.2 M CH3COONa 500 mL

HCl
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.1 (C) 0.05 (D) 0.01 HCl molCH3COONa mol
HCl mol0.20.50.1 mol


174 ()

3

(A) 0.10 M NaCl(aq) 50 mL0.10 M HCl(aq) 50 mL
(B) 0.10 M CH3COOH(aq) 50 mL0.10 M NaOH(aq) 50 mL
(C) 0.10 M CH3COONa(aq) 50 mL0.20 M HCl(aq) 50 mL
(D) 0.20 M NH4Cl(aq) 50 mL0.10 M NaOH(aq) 50 mL
(E) 0.10 M NH4Cl(aq) 50 mL0.20 M NH3(aq) 25 mL

[]
(A)(B) CH3COONa
CH3COOH(C) CH3COOH CH3COONa

[] 1.
(A) 1 M CH3COOH 1 L1 M CH3COONa 1 L (B) 2 M NH3 1 L1 M HCl 1 L
(C) 2 M CH3COONa 1 L1 M HCl 1 L (D) 1 M NH3 2 L1 M NaOH 1 L

1. (D) NH3 NH4

2. 89.
(A) 100 mL 0.1 M NH4Cl 100 mL 0.1 M NaOH
(B) 100 mL 0.1 M NH4Cl 50 mL 0.1 M HCl
(C) 100 mL 0.1 M NH4Cl 75 mL 0.1 M NaOH
2. NH4Cl NaOH
(D) 100 mL 0.1 M NH4Cl 200 mL 0.1 M HCl NH4ClNaOH NH3H2ONaCl
(E) 100 mL 0.1 M NH4Cl 200 mL 0.1 M NaOH (C)

4
Ka8.0104 HCOOHHCOOK pH
[HCOOH]
4.5
[HCOO]
(A) 8.0104 (B) 4.0102 (C) 0.80 (D) 3.2

[]
5 5
3.16105 [HCOO]
4
pH4.5 [H ] 10 10 3.1610 M Ka810 [HCOOH]
5
[HCOOH] 3.1610
0.040
[HCOO ] 810 4
[] pH10.5
(A) HFNaFHF Ka6.4104
(B) CH3COOHCH3COONaCH3COOH Ka1.8105
(C) H2CO3NaHCO3H2CO3 Ka14.4107
(D) NaHCO3Na2CO3H2CO3 Ka24.71011
11 11

pH10.5 [H ] 10 10 M Ka 10 10
 4 175

5 pH
0.01 mol HCl 1 L pH
(A) 0.01 M CH3COOH (B) 0.01 M CH3COOH 0.01 M CH3COONa
(C) 0.05 M CH3COONa (D) 0.5 M CH3COOH 0.5 M CH3COONa 87.

[]
CH3COONaHCl CH3COOHNaCl
0.5 0.01 0.5
0.49 0 0.51
[] 0.51
pHpKalog pKalog 0.49 pKa
[]
[] CH3COOH Ka1.81050.1 M 1 L 0.1 M NaOH
L

[CH3COOH][CH3COO ]11
(A) 0.5 (B) 1 (C) 2.5 (D) 3.5 0.110.1V2V0.5 L

6 pH
H3PO4 K17.1103K26.3108K34.41013
pH 7.4
(A) [H3PO4] [H2PO4] (B) [H3PO4] [HPO42] (C) [H2PO4] [HPO42]
(D) [HPO42] [PO43] 84.

[]

[H ][H2PO4 ] [H3PO4]
K1 [H]K1 (1)
[H3PO4] [H2PO4]

[H ][HPO42 ]
[H2PO4 ]
K2 [H ]K2 (2)
[H2PO4 ] [HPO42 ]
[H][PO43]
[HPO42]
K3 [H ]K3 (3)
[HPO42] [PO43]
pH7.4 [H]4.0108log 20.3
8 8
[H2PO4]
(2) 4.010 6.310
[HPO42]
[H2PO4] [HPO42 ] [H]4.0108

8 3 [H3PO4] 8 8
[H2PO4 ]
4.010 7.110 (1) 4.010 6.310 (2)
[H2PO4] [HPO42]
[HPO42]
4.01084.41013 (3) [HPO42]k
[PO43]
[H3PO4][H2PO4][HPO42][PO43]3.581060.63511.1105
[H2PO4] [HPO42] [H] Ka

[]
(A) (B)
(C) pH
(D) (E)

(B)
176 ()

2 p.207

1.
NaOH CH3COOH
CH3COONa

2.
HCl NH3
NH4Cl

 4 177

7
100 mL 0.50 M NaOH

(1) M
(2) Ka
(3) pH
(4)
(A) (B) (C) (D) IV

[] (1) 0.1 M(2) 105(3) 9(4) A

(1)
10.5201CM100
CM0.1 M
(2)pH3[H]1103 M
HA H A
3
0.110 103 103

10 310 3 5
K a 3 10
0.110
(3) pH 9


HA OH A H2O
0.10100103 0.5020103
0 0 0.01 mol
A H2O HAOH
0.01
0.12 s s s
14
ss Kw 10
Kb K 5 10 9 s 0.08310 9 9.110 6 M[OH ]
0.083s a 10

[H ]1.1010 9 pH9log1.19
(4)

[] 50 0.1 M HAKa1.0104 0.1 M NaOH

() 0 () 25 () 50 () 60 0.1 M NaOH
93.
(A)
(B) pH 4
(C) HA
(D) pH pH
(E) 10 pH

(C) A

1
HA(D)
2
178 ()

*

( ) 1. 0.1 M CH3COOH 0.1 M CH3COONa pH4.75 10
pH [HA] nHA
1. [H ]Ka Ka
[A ] nA
(A) 4.75 (B) 0.47 (C) 7.0 (D) 3.75
nHAnA Ka pH

( ) 2. 100 0.1 M CH3COOH 0.2 M CH3COONa

N14Na23
(A) 0.1 M 30 Ca(OH)2 (B) 0.01 HNO3 (C) 0.16
NaOH (D) 0.1 M HCl 300

2. CH3COOH0.10.10.01 OH 0.01

CH3COONa0.20.10.02 H 0.02

(A) 0.120.030.006 OH

(B) 0.01 H
0.16
(C) 0.004 OH
40

(D) 0.10.30.03 H (D)

( ) 3. pH H2CO3 HCO3 pH 7.4

[H2CO3]
[H3O]4.0108 M H2CO3 K1
[HCO3]
4.3107K25.61011 90.
4 3. H2CO3 Ka
(A) 7.110 (B) 0.093
1

4.010 8[HCO3 ] [H2CO3]


3 4.310 7 0.093
(C) 11 (D) 1.410 [H2CO3] [HCO3 ]

( ) 4. pH 9

(A) CH3COOHCH3COONa CH3COOH Ka1.8105
(B) NH4ClNH3 NH3 Kb1.6105
(C) H2CO3NaHCO3 H2CO3 Ka14.4107Ka24.71011
H3PO4 Ka17.1103Ka26.3108
(D) NaH2PO4Na2HPO4
Ka34.41013

4. pH9 pOH5 Kb1105

[B ][OH ]
10 5
[BOH ]
 4 179
( ) 5.
(A)
(B) pH
(C)
(D) 1 M CH3COOH 60 mL 1 M NaOH 40 mL HCl(aq)
pH 5. (B) pH
(D) CH3COOH CH3COONa

( ) 6. 7.11036.3108 4.41013
pH7.0
(A) H3PO4 (B) NaH2PO4 (C) Na2HPO4 (D) Na3PO4
6. pH7 Ka
2

H2PO4 H HPO42

10 7


10 7[HPO42 ] [HPO42 ]
6.310 8 1 [H2PO4 ][HPO42 ]
[H2PO4 ] [H2PO4 ]

( ) 7. Ka 103104105 0.1 M100

0.2 M NaOH 25 pH
(A) (B) 7. mol2NaOH mol

1 [HA][A ]11
(C) (D) 2 4 pHpKa pH3
pH4pH5

*( ) 8.
(A) 50 0.4 M CH3COOH 50 0.2 M NaOH
(B) 50 0.2 M HCl 50 0.4 M CH3COONa
(C) 50 0.4 M HCl 50 0.2 M NH3
(D) 50 0.2 M KH2PO4 50 0.2 M K2HPO4
(E) 50 0.2 M HCl 50 0.4 M NaOH

8. (C) NH4 NH3(E)
180 ()
*( ) 9. 25.00 mL HX 0.010 M
pH ABCD pH
NaOH mL pH
(A) 0 3.5
(B) 12.50 5.0
(C) 25.00 8.0
(D) 37.50 12.0

(A) HX
(B)[HX] 0.1 M
(C) HX Ka105
(D) B
(E) D

9. C B pHpKa5Ka110 5
HXNaOH NaXH2O [HX]0.0250.010.025 [HX]0.01 M
(A)(B) [HX]0.01 M
(D) B (E)

*( )10. 0.10 M HCl 0.10 M NH3 50 mL

NH3 Kb1.8105
(A) 0.10 M NH3 [H] 1.3103 M
(B) 20 mL HCl
(C) 60 mL HCl [H] 9.1103 M
(D) HCl pH 7.0
(E) HCl [NH4][H]
[Cl][OH]
10. (A) [OH ] Kb0.1 1.310 3 93.
(B) NH3 NH4 32

0.1600.150
(C) [H ] 9.110 3
110
(D) pH
(E)

*( )11. HAKa2.0106 20.0 mL 0.20 M

NaOH(aq) 50.0 mL
(A)[HA]0.5 M
(B) [H]1.00103 M
(C) NaOH 25.0 mL [H]2.0106 M
(D) NaOH 50.0 mL [OH]3.71010 M
(E) NaOH 60.0 mL [OH]0.025 M 11. P.286
 4 181

( ) 1. 0.30 M Ka2.01051 NaOH pH5
log 20.3 1. x NaOH

CH3COOH CH3COO H
(A) 0.40 (B) 0.30 (C) 0.20 (D) 0.15 0.3
x x
0.3x x

[CH3COO ]
pHpKalog
[CH3COOH]
x
2. (A)(F) 0.10 M 55log 2log 83.
0.3x
(A) HCl
x
2x0.2
0.3x
(B) NaOH
(C) CH3COOHKa1.8105
(D) Na2HPO4H3PO4 Ka17.1103Ka26.3108Ka34.41013
(E) NaHSO4H2SO4 Ka21.7102
(F) Na2CO3H2CO3 Ka14.4107Ka24.71011

(1) (A) pH
(2) (C)
(3) (D)(E)
(4) (A)(E) 1.0 L pH5.0
3 2
H2PO4SO42


(1) 1(2) 1.310 M(3) HPO4 HSO4
(4) (C) 0.1 M CH3COOH 609 mL (B) 0.1 M NaOH 391 mL

2. (1) [H ][HCl]0.1MpH1
5
(2) [H ] C0Ka 0.11.810 1.310 3M

(4) CH3COOH NaOH CH3COONaH2O

0.1V1 0.1V2
0.1V1V2 0.1V2
nCH COOH
3
[H ]Ka
nCH COONa
3

5
0.1V1V2
5
10 1.810 (1)
0.1V2
V1V21000(2) V1609V2391

3. HA 0.40 NaOH 0.08 1.00 log 20.3

(1) pH5.0 Ka
(2) 0.12 NaOH(s) pH
6

(1) 2.510 (2) 5.6
3. (1) HA NaOH NaA H2O 3. (2) HA NaOH NaA H2O
0.4 0.08 0.12
0.32 0.08
1 1 1
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.12
0.32 0 0.08 0.2 0 0.2

HA H

A
HA H A
0.32 0.08 0.2 0.2

10 5

10 5 10 5
x x x
0.3210
5
10
5
0.0810 5 0.2x x 0.2x
5
10 0.0810
5 x ( 0.2x )
Ka

2.510 6 2.510 6
0.3210 5
0.2x

x[H ]2.510 6MpH5.6
182 ()

p.19

1.


2.
(1) H+ OH

mCAVAnCBVB
CA CB VA VB m
H+n OH
(2) KHP

3.
A. KHP NaOH
(1) 0.1 M ()

()
(2)
()
(3) 0.2 25 mL 2

(4) 25 mL NaOH 1 2
()
(5) 15 ()
(6) (3)(5)

() ()
 4 183
(7)

1 KHP

KHP g
1 0.2371
2 0.2363

2

NaOH
KHP
M
mL mL mL
1 0.001161 0.40 12.30 11.90 0.09756
2 0.001157 12.30 27.90 15.60 0.07417
NaOH CB 0.08587
B. NaOH
(1) 15.00 mL

(2)
15

(3) (1)(2)
(4)
CBVB
CA 15.00

NaOH
CA
CBM
mL mL VBmL M
19.90 49.70 29.80 0.1706
0.08587
19.50 49.10 29.60 0.1694
0.1700
184 ()

( ) 1. NaOH H2SO4



(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

1. (1)
(2)
(3)

0.15 M NaOH

NaOH 2.3.
g 0.24 0.30 0.32 0.25
NaOH mL 35.0 45.0 45.5 25.0

( ) 2. NaOH
2. NaOH

(A) 0.24 g (B) 0.30 g (C) 0.32 g (D) 0.25 g

( ) 3.
0.30 800
(A) 110 (B) 90 (C) 60 (D) 40 3. 20.154510 3M 89
M 9

( ) 4. 0.100 M
104.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

4. (C)
 4 185
*( ) 5.
(A) (B)

[H ][OH ] (C) (D)KHP
(E) 2
3 c.c. 5. (A)(B)(C)
(E) 23

6.
(a) 0.40050.0
(b) 80.00.100 M HCl
(c) 0.100 M NaOH44.0

(1) (b)
(2) (c)
(3)
(4) C12.0O16.0
Ca40.0

(1) CaCO32 HCl CaCl2CO2H2O(2)(3) 0.18
(4) CaCO3

x 44 80
6. (3) CaCO3 x 20.1 0.1 x0.18
100 1000 1000
186 ()

( ) 1. 108 M HCl(aq) pH 80.

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
pH7
8 8
1. [HCl]10 10 7 [H ]10 710

( ) 2. 100.
(A) NH4ClCu(NO3)2C2H5OH (B) NH4ClKClNaHCO3
(C) Cu(NO3)2NaFC2H5OH (D) NaFK2CO3NaHCO3
2. (A) NH4Cl Cu(NO3)2 C2H5OH (B) KCl (C) Cu(NO3)2

( ) 3. Ka6.6105
Ka6.7104 97.
(A) (B) (C)

(D) (E)

3.

HA(aq) H (aq)A (aq)
C0 0 0
C0x x x

Ka
[H ][A ] x2 x2
C0 10 3 Ka
C0 [HA] C0x C0
x2 Ka
x C0 Ka C0 (A)(B) C0
C0 C0
Ka Ka Ka (B)

( ) 4. 84.
(A) CaCl2 (B) CaCO3 (C) Ca(CH3COO)2 (D) CaSO4
4. (A)(D)(B)(C)
CaCO3 (C)

( ) 5. HANaA Ka1
104 pH 5.0
[HA]
[NaA] 94.
1 1 1
(A) 1000 (B) 100 (C) 10 (D) 1 (E) 10

5. HA A H

[H ][A ] [HA] [H ] [HA] 10 5 1
Ka 10 4 [H ]Ka 4
[HA] [A ] Ka [A ] 10 10
 4 187
( ) 6. 25 mL 0.10 M HCl 25 mL 0.10 M
89.
(A) pH7.0 50 mL (B) 25.0 mL 0.10 M NaOH 25.0 mL0.10 M
(C) 0.05 M 0.05 M 50 mL (D) 0.05 M
50 mL 6. CH3COONa HCl CH3COOH NaCl

0.12510 3 mol 0.12510 3 mol 0 0

0 0 0.12510 3 mol 0.125 10 3 mol
0.05 M CH3COOH0.05 M NaCl 50 mL

( ) 7. NaHCO384CaCO3
100Mg(OH)258AlPO4122[Al(H2O)5(OH)]SO4230 101.
(A) NaHCO3 (B) CaCO3 (C) Mg(OH)2 (D) AlPO4 (E) [Al(H2O)5(OH)]SO4
7.
1 1 1 1 1
(A) 1(B) 2(C) 2(D) 3(E) 1
84 100 58 122 230

8.9.

150 mL

1 NaOH 1
1. NaOH HCl 3.0 M
2 HCl 2
2. BTB 0.4
3 BTB 3
3. PP 0.4
4 NaOH 4
4. 0.10 mL
5 PP 5

80 mL 5
5 1
1 60 mL 2
2 60 mL 3 x
3 x 20 mL 4
2 8.9. 98.

BTB

( ) 8. x 8. NaOH HCl
BTB
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
188 ()
( ) 9.
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
9. NaOH HCl
BTB

( )10. 0.10 M NaOH

NaOH pH 102.
(A) 0.10 M NaOH 2 mL
(B)Ka 1.0106 (C)
4
10 M (D) (E)
( 10.(A) NaOH 5 mL
(B)
NaOH 5 mL

1.010 6(C) pH4[H ]
4
10 M C

HA H A
C

10 4 10 4 10 4
4 4
C10 10 10 4
4 2
[H ][A ] (10 )
C0.01 M

Ka 1.010 6
[HA] C10 4
(D) NaOH
pH 7 pH 4.26.3
(E)

( )11. 0.1000M

VHClmL 0
10.00 25.00 40.00 48.00 48.00
50.00 55.00
104.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
( 11. 2

CO32 H HCO3

HCO3 H CO2H2O

( )12. pH 1.5 104.

(A) pOH 2.5 (B) 1.5 M (C) 1.5 ppm
(D) 0.03 M (E) 0.003 M
( 12.(A) 24pHpOH14 1.5pOH14 pOH12.5
(B)(D)log 30.48 0.5

pH1.5[ 0.52] [ log 32log 10 ][ log 3log 10 2 ][ log310 2]
+ 2
[H ]310 M0.03 M

0.03 mol 0.31103
10 14 10 14 13
(C) ppm 30 ppm(E) [OH ] 3.3310 M
1 1 [H ] 310 2
 4 189

1.


I 25.00 mL NaOH
( NaOH)mL pH
5.0 2.2
10.0 2.4
20.0 3.0
24.0 3.8
24.8 4.5
25.0 7.0
25.2 9.5
26.0 10.0
30.0 10.7
II 25.00 mL 10.00 mL0.01 M
NaOH
III 25.00 mL 10.00 mL
NaOH
IV III BaCl2
95.
(1) I


(2) NaOH M
(3) 12.50 mL NaOH 12.50 mL0.01 M pH

(4) M
(5) M

(1) pH NaOH (2) 0.01 M
(3) 7(4) HCl0.01 M(5) Ca(OH)20.005 M
1.(1)
(2) pH7NaOH Ma25MNaOH25
II H2SO4 NaOH
Ma250.01210MNaOH45 MNaOH0.01 M
Ma0.01 M pH7

(3) NaOHpH7
(4) HCl 0.01 M
(5) III HCl NaOH
0.01250.0115 0.1

IV Ba2 SO42

Na2C2O4 Ca2
190 ()
2. 103.
() 20.0 mL 0.20 M HCl

() 20.0 mL 0.20 M CH3COOH Ka2.010 5

() 20.0 mL 0.20 M HClO Ka3.010 8
0.10 M
(1) 0.10 M mL
(2) pH
(3) pH7.0 0.10 M mL
(4) 0.10 M 20.0 mL pH
(1)(2)(3)(4) pH4.7

2. (1) HClCH3COOHHClO n1 H FHFOH
10.20M0.02L10.10MVL0.004mol
V0.04L40mL
(2)HClCH3COOHHClO Ka Ka
NaClCH3COONaNaClO
(3) HCl pH7 CH3COOHHClO pH7 pH7 NaOH(aq)

0.004mol
(4) [CH3COOH] 0.10M CH3COOH CH3COO H
0.200.02L
0.05 0.05 0
0.10.02mol x x x
[NaOH] 0.05M
0.200.02L 0.05 0.05 x
CH3COOH NaOH CH3COONaH2O
0.10 0.05() 0 x
0.05 0.05 0.05
[CH3COOH] 0.05
0.05 0 0.05 [H ]Ka Ka
[CH3COO ] 0.05

Ka2.010 5M pH4.7