1.

THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANETS

1. The universe

The universe is made up of hundreds of billions of galaxies.

Galaxy clusters groups of ______________.
Galaxy a large group of ________.
Stars are made up of _____________ and ______________.
Planetary systems ________ + ________ which revolve around the star. Ex.: solar
system.
Open clusters group of stars formed from the same __________ cloud.
Nebula huge cloud of __________ and ____________.

The origin of the universe

Big Bang Theory the universe came into existence about ________ billion years
ago as a result of a very rapid ______________.

Distances and units of measurement in astronomy

Astronomical Unit (AU) Light Year

-distance from the ________ to the ____.
-______ million km.
-used to measure distances ________ the
solar system.
-the distance light travels in _____ year.
-in 1 year it travels about_____ trillion km
(300.000km)
-used to measures distances _________
the solar system.

2. The solar system

Geocentric model: Heliocentric model:

-_______ was the centre of the universe -________ was the centre of the universe
-_______ and planets orbited the _____. -______ and _________ revolved around
it

The Solar System is in a galaxy called the ___________ _________.

The Structure of the solar system

The solar system:

- Formed ______ billion years ago from a __________ composed of gas dust.
- 2 parts: -Inner solar system: from _______ to ____________.
-Outer solar system: beyond _____________.
- Consists of:
Asteroids small __________ fragments. Ex.: ___________ _______ between Mars
and Jupiter and the ___________ _________ beyond Neptune.
Dwarf planets ________ spherical bodies that share orbit with all objects. Ex.:
Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Make-Make.
Natural satellites/Moons spherical bodies which revolve around a _________.
Comets formed by _______, ______ and gas. This ice evaporates and forms a tail.
3. The planets Rocky planets (between the Sun and asteoid belt) Gas giants (beyond the asteroid belt

Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Satellites 0 0 The Moon 2 63 61 27 14

Distance 0.39 0.72 1 1.52 5.20 9.54 20 30.06

from Sun in AU

Diameter 4 878 12 100 12 740 6 787 142 984 120 536 51 108 49 538
in Km

Atmosphere None Dense, CO2, N2 and O2 Mainly CO2

clouds and
sulphuric
acid.

Surface 420 to 465 15 -55 It gives off Its rings are Thin ring Most distant
temp in oC -180 more energy huge but system planet.
than it thin, made almost Strongest
receives of ice, dust vertical winds (2
Interesting Covered It rotates in Only planet it had from the and rock because of 000km/h)
Facts with craters the opposite with liquid oceans Sun fragments the planets
direction. water and strong rotation axis
life internal heat
 4. The Earth a unique planet.

What characteristics make life on Earth possible?

Surface ______________________ This makes possible a complete _______ cycle.

Atmosphere: contains ______________ for respiration.
______________ activity.
___________________: The Moon.
______________ field.

5. The movement of the Earth.

Rotation: -on its own ___________. Revolution: -around the __________

- it takes ____ hours (one day) -it takes ______ days (one year)
- causes _______ and ______________. -it causes the ______________.

6. The seasons

Equinoxes day and night are = Solsticesgreat difference in length

____ March, ____ September ___ June___ December

The Moon -only ________ of the Earth

-Rotation and Revolution takes _____ days.
-The _______ side of the Moon faces the Earth.

Eclipses when a body totally or partially _______another.

Solar Eclipsethe Moon passes between the _______ and the _________.

Tides The Earth and the Moon attract each other due to the force of _______
pulling the water.