Mr.

Marut Kachain EnET-T (R21) 5703051622111

#HomeWork4
Questions
1. Draw the constellation diagram of the following cases. Find the peak amplitude value
for each case and define the type of modulation (ASK, FSK, PSK and QAM).The
number parentheses defines the value of I-component and Q-component respectively.

a) Two points at (2,0) and (3,0)

Ans:
This is ASK There are two peak amplitudes both with the same phase (0 degrees)
The values of the peak amplitude are A 1=2(the distance between the first dot and
the origin) and A2= 3 (the distance between the second dot and the origin).

b) Two points at (3,0) and (-3,0)

Ans:
This is BPSK, There is only one peak amplitude (3) The distance between each
dot and the origin is 3. However, we have two phases, 0 and 180 degrees.
c) Four points at (2,2), (-2,2), (-2,-2) and (2,-2)
Ans:
This can be either QPSK (one amplitude, four phases) or 4-QAM (one amplitude
and four phases). The amplitude is the distance between a point and the origin,
1
which is (22 + 22 ) 2 = 2.83

d) Two points at (0,2) and (0,-2)

Ans:
This is also BPSK The peak amplitude is 2, but this time phases are 90 and 270
degrees
2. The telephone line has 4KHz of bandwidth. What is the maximum number of bits we
can send using these following technique
a) ASK r = 2 2 = 1 N = [1/(1+0)]x1x4KHz = 4Kbps

c) 16QAM r = 2 16 = 4
N = [1/(1+0)] x 4 x 4KHz = 16Kbps

d) 64QAM r = 2 64 = 6
N = [1/(1+0)] x 6 x 4KHz = 24Kbps

3. A corporation has a medium with 1MHz bandwidth. The corporation need to create
10 separate independent channel each capable of sending at least 1 Mbps. The company
decides to use the QAM technique. What is the minimum number of bit per baud for
each channel? What is the number of point in the constellation diagram of each
channel? Let d = 0.
First , we calculate the bandwidth for each channel = (1MHz) / 10 = 100 KHz
We then find the value of r for each channel :

B = (1+d) * (1/r) * (N) r = N/B r = (1 Mbps/100KHz) = 10

We can then calculate the number of levels: L = 2r = 210 = 1024.This means that we
need a 1024-QAM technique to achieve this data rate.

4. A corporation has a medium with 1MHz bandwidth. The corporation need to create
10 separate independent channel each capable of sending at least 1 Mbps. The company
decides to use the FSK technique. What is the minimum number of bit per baud for
each channel? Let d = 0.
1MHz 10 bitrate
1
1Mbps = 100KHz
10

B = (1+d)s+2

s*2

B = (1+d)s+s

= s(d+2)

B = (d+2)

(+2) 1Mbps(1+2)
r= =
100

= 30

r = log2L

L = 2r = 230 bits/baud
5. Giving the mobile phone system as the following figure

Each phone occupies 5MHz bandwidth. All phones communicate with the base station
at the same time using the parameters given in the table 1. Assuming that noise is
distributed uniformly over the network, where the energy of noise is measured as 0.025.
Determine the best data rate to be obtained in the downlink channel of each mobile
phone. (Assuming that only 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM approaches are
available for the system and d = 0.25)
Table 1: Energy loss when transmit from the station in row to the station in column

Giving 100 for transmission energy of the base station and 50 for transmission energy of
each phone.

Noise = 0.025 , d = 0.25 ,. Bw = 5 MHz , PTx = 50

N = 5*nb

nb = (1+d) * log2 (1+SNR )

s=1+

N = Bw * log2 ( 1 + SNR )

SNR = 10 log10()

PRx = PG * PTx
Phone 1 Base Station

G = -4.0455dB = 10log10PG
4.0455
PG = 10 ^ = 0.393
10

PRx = 0.393*50 = 19.65

19.65
SNR = 10log10 (0.025) = 28.96

N = 5 MHz * log2 (1+28.96)

N = 24.52 Mbps

Phone 1 Phone 2

G = -22.9876 dB = log10PG

PG = 10-22.9876/10 = 5*10-3

PRx = 5*10-3*50 = 0.25

0.25
SNR = 10log10 (0.025) = 10

N = 5 MHz * log2 ( 1+10 ) = 17.29 Mbps

Phone 1 Phone 3

G = -20.1557 dB = 10log10 PG
20.1557
PG = 10 ^ = 9.6A*10-3
10

PRx = 9.6A * 10-3 *50 = 0.482

0.482
SNR = 10log10 (0.025) = 12.85

N = 5 Mhz * log2 (1+12.85)

= 18.95 Mbps

Phone 2 Base Station

G = -4.9462 dB
4.9462
PG = 10 ^ = 0.32
10

PRx = 50*0.32 = 16
16
SNR = 10log10(0.025) =28.06
 N = 5 MHz * log2 (1+28.06)

= 24.30 Mbps

Phone2 Phone1

G = -19.7341 dB = 10log10PG
19.7341
PG = 10^ = 0.01
10

PRx = 0.01 * 50 = 0.53

0.53
SNR = 10log10 (0.025) = 13.26

N = 5MHz * log2 (1+13.26)

= 19 Mbps

Phone 2 Phone 3

G = -24.8489 dB =10log10 PG
24.8489
PG = 10 ^ = 3.27*10-3
10

PRx = 3.27*10-3 *50 = 0.163

0.163
SNR = 10log10 (0.025)

= 8.16

N = 5 MHz * log2 (1+8.16)

N = 16 Mbps

Phone 3 Base Station

G = -3.5314 dB = 10log10 PG
3.5314
PG = 40 ^ = 0.44
10

PRx = 0.44*50 = 22
22
SNR = 10log10 (0.025) = 29.44

N = 5 MHz * log2 (1+29.44)

= 24.63 Mbps
Phone 3 Phone 1

G = -21.3424 dB = 10log10 PG
21.3424
PG = 10 ^ = 7.34 * 10-3
10

PRx =7.34 * 10-3 * 50 = 0.367

0.367
SNR = 10log10 (0.025) = 11.66

N = 5 MHz * log2 (1+11.66)

= 18.13 Mbps

Phone 3 Phone 2

G = -23.2238 dB = 10log10 PG
23.2238
PG = 10 ^ = 0.238
10

0.238
SNR = 10log10 (0.025) = 9.786

N = 5 MHz * log2 (1 +9.786)

N = 17.155 Mbps