Zero Practical

Aim- Demonstration of different components of a GPS system

Instruments and Software used- GPS Receiver ( Single frequency receiver and dual
frequency receiver), antenna, navigational GPS receiver, mobile GPS chips, GPS motherboard

Theory-
Components of an Integrated GPS receiver

GPS Antenna;
GPS Receiver;
GPS Controller with display;
Power supply;
Integrated Radio communication system;

Functions of a Receiver :

-Acquires the satellite signals

Splits signal into multiple signal-processing channels for
processing of multiple satellites signal simultaneously
Generates the reference PRN codes of the signals
Tracks the code and the carrier of the satellite signals.
Demodulates the system data from the satellite signals
Extracts code phase (pseudo-range) measurements from the
PRN code of the satellite signals
Extracts signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information from the
satellite signals
Estimates a relationship to GPS system time

Single Frequency GPS -

Tracks L1 frequency signal only
Cheaper than dual frequency receivers
Used effectively to relative positioning mode for accurate baselines of less than 50
km or where ionosphere effects can generally be ignored.
capable of centimeter level accuracy
high-precision applications such as surveying

Dual Frequency GPS receiver-

 Tracks both L1 and L2 frequency signal
More expensive than a single frequency receiver
Can more effectively resolve longer baselines of more than 50 km where
ionosphere effects have a larger impact
Eliminate almost all ionosphere effects by combining L1 and L2 observations

GP
S Antenna(s)

Navigational GPS

Controller
Mobile GPS chips

GPS Receiver kit

Single frequency Receiver

Gravimeter: An instrument for measuring the difference in the force of gravity from one place to
another.

Gravimeter

Controller

Gravimeter

Discussion & Conclusion:

In this experiment we came to know about the various basic terminology and the
concept behind Global Positioning System.
We learnt about the basic methods involved in measuring the location of points with the
help of GPS.
We were given a brief introduction of different instruments and information about their
working principle, their functioning, their sensitivity towards measurement.
We are also saw the single and dual frequency GPS receiver.
A brief introduction to Gravimeter was given and also its basic principle.
Handling of the instrument must be done carefully as many a given instruments are quite
sensitive and costly