A.

External Features of Leaves

Phyllotaxy: Alternate
Light exposure: Dorsiventral
Form of leaf blade: Compound
Leaf shape (outline): Ovate
Margin: Serrate
Leaf tip: Acute
Bases: Rounded
tip base

Figure 9.1. Hibiscus leaf

blade

ligule
auricle

sheath

Figure 9.2. Zea mays leaf

B. Dicot Leaf in cross-section

Figure 9.2. Zea mays leaf Figure 9.3. Ixora dicot leaf c.s.
Which of the two (xylem and phloem) occurs on the adaxial side? Explain the disposition of the vascular tissues in the
leaf.

C. Monocot Leaf in cross-section D. Centric Leaf in cross-section

Figure 9.4. Zea mays leaf c.s. Figure 9.5. Pinus needle c.s.

Figure 9.6. Nerium oleander leaf blade

E. Metamorphosed leaves
Table 9.1. Features of varying metamorphosed leaves.
Species Function Distinctive Feature
Ficus elastica Protection of buds Waxy cuticle
Livistona rotundifolia Protection against
animals
Musa sapientum Pseudostem
Eichhornia crassipes For floating
Kalanchoe pinnata Vegetative reproduction
Drynaria sp. Humus accumulation
Allium cepa Food storage
Euphorbia pulcherrima Attraction of pollinators
Bougainvillea sp. Attraction of pollinators
Nepenthes alata For capturing insects

II. Stipules, Semaphylls and Accessory Floral Organs

A. Stipules
Table 9.2. The different forms of stipules
Hibiscus
 Ficus
Cucurbita
Citrus
Rose

B. Semaphylls
Table 9.3. Semaphylls
Family Species Type of Semaphyll
Acanthaceae Belaperone guttata
Adhatoda
Cydonaefolia
Araceae Anthurium
Typhonium
Caesalpiniaceae Amherstia nobilis
Cannaceae Canna indica
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia
Pulcherrima
Melastomataceae Medinilla
Magnifica
Moraceae Ficus
Musa sapientum
Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea sp.
Mirabilis jalapa
Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus
Rubiaceae Mussaenda
Verbenaceae Holmskioldia
Sanguinea
Zingiberaceae Hedychium
Coronarium

Dejan, Alyssa Colleen M.

BIO 164J-3L

Exercise 9
THE LEAF