Rates of Reaction Review

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

A. activated complex D. activation energy
B. reaction rate E. reaction mechanism
C. Inhibitor (barrier) F. elementary reaction
G. reaction intermediate
____ 1. the minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to react
____ 2. arrangement of atoms at the peak of an energy barrier
____ 3. the number of atoms, ions, or molecules that react in a given time to form products
____ 4. reactants are converted to products in a single step
____ 5. includes all elementary reactions of a complex reaction
____ 6. a substance that interferes with a catalyst

____ 7. a substance that is formed in one step of the mechanism and used up in a later step

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 7. Why does a higher temperature cause a reaction to go faster?

A. There are more collisions per second only.
B. Collisions occur with greater energy only.
C. There are more collisions per second and the collisions are of greater energy.
D. There are more collisions per second or the collisions are of greater energy.
____ 8. Why does a higher concentration make a reaction faster?
A. There are more collisions per second only.
B. Collisions occur with greater energy only.
C. There are more collisions per second and the collisions are of greater energy.
D. There are more collisions per second or the collisions are of greater energy.
____ 9. The rate of a chemical reaction normally ____.
A. increases as temperature increases
B. is slowed down by a catalyst
C. decreases as reactant concentration increases
D. remains constant as reactant concentration increases
____ 10. In a first-order reaction, how does the rate change if the concentration of the reactant decreases to one-third its
original value?
A. The rate decreases by a factor of one-ninth.
B. The rate decreases by a factor of one-third.
C. The rate decreases by a factor of one-half.
D. The rate stays the same.
____ 11. If a reaction rate decreases by a factor of one-ninth when a reactant concentration is decreased by one-third,
what is the order of the reaction with respect to that reactant?
A. fourth C. second
B. third D. first

Short Answer

12. In a first-order reaction, what is the reactant concentration if the rate constant is 0.1/s and the rate is
0.001M/s?

13. The rate law for the following reaction is: Rate = k[A] [B] .
aA + bB cC + dD
From the following data, find the kinetic order of the reaction with respect to A and B, as well as the overall
order.

Initial Initial
Concentration Concentration Initial Rate
of A(mol/L) of B(mol/L) (mol/L s)
0.05 0.05 2 10
0.10 0.05 4 10
0.20 0.05 8 10
0.01 0.05 0.4 10
0.01 0.10 3.2 10
0.01 0.20 25.6 10

14. In a two-step reaction mechanism, how many elementary reactions occur?

15. Another name for the activated complex is ____.

16. A catalyst works by ____.

17. Explain the effects of reactant concentration, particle size, and temperature on the rate of a reaction (use
collision theory).

18. What is the effect of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction? How does a homogeneous catalyst speed up a
reaction?

19. Draw a labeled potential energy diagram for an endothermic chemical reaction. Include the reactants,
products, H, activation energy, transition state and labels for each axis.
Rates of Reaction Review
Answer Section

MATCHING

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. F
5. E
6. C
7. G

MULTIPLE CHOICE

7. C
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. C

SHORT ANSWER

12. 0.01M
13. Doubling the concentration of A doubles the rate; first order in A.
Doubling the concentration of B increases the rate 8 times (2 = 8); third order in B.
First order + third order = fourth order overall.
14. 2
15. transition state
16. lowering the activation energy barrier

ESSAY

17. A high concentration of reactants increases the reaction rate. This is because more molecules are present to
collide each second. A small particle size increases the rate of a reaction. Because there is more surface area
for a given mass of particles, more collisions are possible per second. With an increase in temperature, the
molecules in the reactants are moving more quickly, resulting in more collisions and an increase in the rate of
reaction.
18. A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction. A homogeneous catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants and
provides a new reaction mechanism with a lower activation energy, Ea, or a less energetic activated complex,
than the original mechanism.
19.