1

Exam FTV1-RUG
June 27th, 2014

Number of point for each question is indicated

Exercise 1

The Reynolds number plays an important role in the hydrodynamic behavior of a medium
(gas or fluid) flowing around an obstacle. The velocity of the medium is a function of the
density and viscosity of the particular medium and a characteristic length, e.g. the obstacle
diameter. 1 N = 1 kg m/s2.

A) Establish by dimensional analysis the expression for the Reynolds number. 10

Suppose an oil company is interested in the behavior of oil that encounters an obstacle in the
pipe it is flowing through. Because of cost reduction and environmental issues they decide to
start out with a pilot experiment in a wind tunnel using a scale model air : oil=1 : 5.

B) Given an oil pipe diameter of 1 m and a volumetric oil flow of 1.57 m3/s, what air
velocity should be used in the wind tunnel experiments? 10

oil: =10-2 Ns/m2

oil =0,8.103 kg/m3
air: =1,8.10-5 Ns/m2
air: =1,2 kg/m3

C) During the wind tunnel experiment, the volumetric air flow is 0.2 m3/s while the
power loss of the air flowing around the obstacle is 500 Watt. Calculate the pressure
drop over the obstacle given the air is blown in horizontal direction? The viscosity of
air can in this case be neglected. 10
 2

Exercise 2

Water needs to be pumped from an open vessel A to an open vessel B. The total (horizontal)
distance between A and B is 21.5 m (see figure). The total height difference that needs to be
bridged is 5 m. Vessel B is placed on a balance (in red) to follow the filling process.
The tubing leading to the pump has a diameter d1 of =5 cm whereas the tubing leading away
from the pump has a diameter d2 of =2 cm. The fluid velocity (v2) in the tubing leading to
vessel B is 4.0 m/s. The water stream enters vessel B in vertical direction.
The apparent height difference introduced by the pump can be ignored and the pressure at the
beginning of tubing d1might be assumed to be atmospheric.

Tubing is smooth and cylindrically-shaped. Kw of a 900 bend is 0.5.

For water: =10-3 Ns/m2; =103 kg/m3.

A) Calculate the pump power needed. 10

B) Calculate the total dissipated mechanical energy. 10

C) What force (weight) indicates the balance at the moment the vessel is filled with
exactly 10 liters of water? 10
 3

Exercise 3

Consider two connected well-stirred containers V1 of 10 m3 and V2 of 40 m3. Water is

pumped from V1 to V2 at a rate of 0.5 m3/s, and back to V1 (its a closed system). At t=0, the
temperature in V1 is 80 0C and in V2 30 0C.
Both containers contain a heating element, V1 one of 1 kW and V2 one of 5 kW.
Both containers remain completely filled and the volume of the connecting tubes can be
neglected as well as the possible heat loss by the tubes to the environment. The ambient
temperature is 20 0C.
Hint: starting with the general expression of a balance, remember that in case of a heat
balance X is substituted by cpT

For water: =10-3 Ns/m2; =103 kg/m3 and cp=4.2 103 J/kgK.

A) Ignoring any heat exchange with the environment and with the heating elements
turned off, what is the final (steady-state) temperature in each container? 10

B) Show that at steady-state the temperature in both containers is the same. 10

In real practice we cannot of course ignore heat loss due to exchange with the environment.
Suppose we now turn on both heating elements and after a certain time the steady-state
temperature in both containers becomes 32 0C.

C) Given a total surface area available for heat exchange of 5 m2, calculate the overall
heat transfer coefficient (in W/m2K). 10

D) Show that a same steady-state temperature in both containers (as in C) implies that the
heat production in each container exactly balances the heat loss by that same
container. 10

Grade = (total number of points) / 10

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