M900 M1800 BSC V300R002 System Description 200603

System Description Table of Contents
M900/M1800 Base Station Controller
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 2 Network Architecture.................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 3 System Interfaces....................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Abis interface..................................................................................................................... 1
3.2 Ater interface..................................................................................................................... 1
3.3 A-interface......................................................................................................................... 1
3.4 Interface with OMC and M2000......................................................................................... 1
3.5 Interface with External CBC.............................................................................................. 2
3.6 Pb interface....................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 4 M900/M1800 BSC......................................................................................................... 1

4.1 Hardware Structure........................................................................................................... 1
4.2 Cabinet Layout.................................................................................................................. 4
4.3 Technical Parameters........................................................................................................ 8
4.4 Software Architecture........................................................................................................ 9
4.5 Major Features................................................................................................................ 10
4.6 Services and Functions................................................................................................... 12
4.7 Reliability......................................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 5 M900/M1800 TCSM...................................................................................................... 1

5.1 Hardware Architecture....................................................................................................... 1
5.2 Major Features.................................................................................................................. 2
5.3 Cabinet Layout.................................................................................................................. 3
5.4 Technical Parameters........................................................................................................ 5
5.4.1 System Capacity..................................................................................................... 5
5.4.2 Physical Parameters............................................................................................... 5
5.4.3 Working Environment............................................................................................. 5
5.4.4 Input voltage........................................................................................................... 5
5.4.5 Power consumption................................................................................................ 5
Chapter 6 Compatibility............................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 7 Quality.......................................................................................................................... 1
7.1 Hardware and Software.................................................................................................... 1
7.2 Document.......................................................................................................................... 1
7.3 Customer Service.............................................................................................................. 2
Appendix A Abbreviations........................................................................................................... 1
i
System Description Table of Contents
ii
System Description Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
The objective of this document is to lay the foundation for understanding the Huawei
M900/M1800 Base Station Controller (BSC). This chapter begins with an introduction
to the Base Station Controller (BSC), Transcoder and Sub-Multiplexer (TCSM).
Huawei M900/M1800 BSC fulfils the technical parameters indicated in the "PHASE
2/PHASE 2+" series of recommendations under the responsibility of the GSM
Technical Committee of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI).
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System Description Chapter 2 Network Architecture
Chapter 2 Network Architecture
The aggregate of the BSC and the attached BTSs are collectively referred to as the
Base Station System (BSS). Huawei BSS consists of BSC, BTS and PCU. Despite
the centralized control through OMC, local terminals are also provided to facilitate the
on-site maintenance as shown in Figure 1.1.
PCU
Gb
BTS to/from SGSN
MS Interface to OMC
to/from OMC
Pb (LAN/WAN)
BSC
BTS A
MS to/from MSC
Interface to OMC
BTS to/from OMC
(LAN/WAN)
MS
Interface to external CBC to/from ext. CBC
(LAN/WAN)
Um Abis
Figure 1.1 Huawei BSS solution
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System Description Chapter 3 System Interfaces
Chapter 3 System Interfaces
The interfaces used in the BSC include the open interfaces and nonstandard
interfaces defined in the GSM protocols. These interfaces include:
Abis interface
Ater interface
A-interface
Interface with OMC
Interface with external CBC
Pb interface
3.1 Abis interface
The Abis interface in the BSS connects the BSC and the BTS. It is used to exchange
voice frames, call control messages and BTS operation and maintenance information.
Like other manufacturers Huawei has its own Abis interface but here comes the
Huawei edge of future proof optical transmission technology between the BSC and
BTS as well as the existing terrestrial links. M900/M1800 BSS offers up to 15 TRXs
through one 2Mbit/s E1 link.
3.2 Ater interface
The Ater interface is a Huawei internal interface. The Ater interface connects the
M900/M1800 TCSM and M900/M1800 BSC in the Huawei BSS. The physical
interface consists of one or several E1 interfaces.
3.3 A-interface
The A-interface connects the BSC (TCSM) with the MSC. It supports voice/data
traffic, BSS management, connection control, mobility management, supplementary
services, short message service, dual-tone multi-frequency signaling.
3.4 Interface with OMC and M2000
The implementation of OMC interface is based on the Operation and Maintenance

framework of the ITU-T and the International Standards Organization (ISO). It is
located between the BSC and Operation and Maintenance Center (Huawei OMC).
The interface is a Local Area Network (LAN) interface.
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System Description Chapter 3 System Interfaces
The PCU and BSC connect to the same OMC.
The M900/M1800 BSC can be operated and maintained by OMC or by iManager

M2000.
The iManager M2000 (M2000 for short) is a centralized operation and maintenance
system developed by Huawei for the mobile communication network. You can
centralize the management on the mobile communication network through the
M2000.
3.5 Interface with External CBC
This is a Huawei specific interface. The interface is a LAN/WAN/X.25 interface. It

provides the possibility to connect with an external Cell Broadcast Center (CBC) of
any vender.
3.6 Pb interface
The Pb interface connects the PCU and the BSC. Like other BSS systems available
in market, Huawei has its own Pb interface, efficiently designed and implemented.
The salient feature of the interface is flexible configuration of M900/M1800 PCU. PCU
can be co-located at BSC or SGSN sites, even though it serves as part of BSS. The
Huawei specific Pb interface satisfies all the standard requirements of BSC-PCU
interface and implements management functions between the PCU and BSC for
various kinds of shared resources such as cells, packet channels, E1 trunks and
system messages. In addition, the Pb interface supports dynamic channel
conversion, MS access on CCCH and so on.
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System Description Chapter 5 M900/M1800 TCSM
Chapter 4 M900/M1800 BSC
The BSC performs radio-related functions including handover, radio network

resources management, cell data management and so on. It also controls radio
frequency power levels both in base stations and mobile stations. Physically the BSC
is located between the MSC and BTS. A BSC serves one or more BTSs through the
Abis interface. One or more BSCs are linked to one MSC through the A interface, that
is, a BSC acts as a concentrator for the links between the Abis interface and A-
interfaces.
The beauty design of the M900/M1800 BSC is its modularized approach, which saves
a prominent amount during technology cycle because of system flexibility. A
modularized design makes it easy to upgrade the software and hardware. It also
improves the system reliability. Thanks to the Huawei modularized design. It is not a
must any longer for a carrier to buy the whole system, as the carrier now can choose
to place the order as demands grow. The carrier can expand its network from one
BTS to 512 BTSs or a single TRX to 1024 TRXs by simply installing one BSC. The
only thing to do is to add modules. The overall structure of a BSC is to be made clear
before proceeding further.
4.1 Hardware Structure
According to the hardware system a multi-module BSC can be divided into

Administration Module/Communication Module (AM/CM), Basic Module (BM) and cell
broadcast database (CDB). Figure 1.1 shows the structure of a multi-module BSC.
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BM AM/CM
Abis-
BTS interface BIE
GFBI
GOPT
GMEM
CDB
GMC2
BNET
BIE
GNOD
GLAP
/LPN7 GMPU
GALM
Ater-interface
TCSM
E3M
PCU Pb-interface GCTN
BITS GCKS
OMC interface GSNT

OMC-R (LAN/WAN) BAM
.
GMEM
ext.CBC interface
ext.CBC (LAN/WAN/X.25)
CDB .
.
GMEM GMCCM GMCCS GALM
GMEM
Figure 1.1 Hardware structure of a multi-module BSC
I. AM/CM
An AM/CM cabinet consists of communication control unit, central switching unit,

transmission interface unit, clock synchronization system and alarm system. The
BAM and CDB are also installed in the same cabinet.
In the communication control frame, the communication and control board is the main
unit. This board controls different types of processing and functions in a centralized
manner. Depending on the software loaded and DIP switch settings, the
communication and control boards are named GMCCM and GMCCS.
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The GMCCM supports the following functions:

Communicates with the GSNT, GCTN, GALM and BAM through HDLC links
Transfers control information between the BM and TCSM units
Controls the GSNT to provide software loading channels between the BM and
the boards in the AM/CM
A GMCCS provides signaling transmission links between the AM/CM and BM. It
controls intra-module signaling and forwards the control message between BMs, from
BM to GMCCM, from BM to GCTN and from BM to the TCSM unit. For system
reliability these control boards are configured with proper redundancy.
The GCTN provides 16K16K switching. It receives the clock synchronization signals
from the clock frame and distributes the clock to the GMCC, GALM, GSNT, BM and
BAM. The GSNT supports 2K2K switching. All the communications between the
AM/CM and BM is made through optical fiber interfaces, which are provided by GFBI
boards. Each GFBI board provides two interfaces. The backplane GFBC converts
optical signals into electrical signals and vice versa. The E3M board provides external
interfaces for TCSM connections. The GALM board handles different types of external
and internal alarms. The clock synchronization system controls the system clock. A
GCKS is inserted in the clock frame of the basic cabinet. Two GCKS boards are
required to ensure system protection.
II. BM
The previous text has introduced the BSC in terms of its structure and control system.
The BM is also discussed in detail. Here we will see the difference of BM
configuration in multi-module BSC. From above text we also know that in multi-
module BSC communication, CDB and BAM are installed in AM/CM cabinet so there
is no need to install these frames in BM cabinet. The only additional hardware needed
is for the communication between BM and AM/CM. This communication is performed
by GOPT.
III. Back administration module (BAM)
The BAM serves as the bridge for the communication between the BSC and OMC. In
M900/M1800 BSC, BAM communicates with the control system via HDLC link and
with the OMC server through LAN or WAN. Via BAM, the OMC can perform operation
and maintenance over BSC.
IV. CDB
The CDB provides an interface between the BSC and CBC. It forwards the messages
from the CBC to BSC. Then the BSC controls the messages and sends the received
message to BTS as required while BTS performs load control. These messages are
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broadcast in a specific PLMN area or a cell. The CDB and CBC are connected
through Ethernet.
V. Transcoder and Sub-Multiplexer (TCSM) unit
The TCSM unit provides the function of transcoding/rate adaptation and sub-
multiplexing. A TCSM unit contains transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) and
sub-multiplexer (SMUX). Although the SMUX is logically part of the BSC, but it is
usually located at the MSC to save transmission media.
VI. Clock synchronization system
The clock synchronization system mainly comprises clock frame. It extracts clock
either from the higher level (MSC) or BITS as a reference clock source. Stratum 3
clock is used as an international standard for the BSC system.
VII. Alarm system
The alarm system of the BSC collects distributed alarms and performs centralized
processing. It sends various alarm messages to the alarm box and the OMC alarm
system to alert the maintenance staff about runtime errors so that the system
performance can be stable and well maintained.
4.2 Cabinet Layout
A multi-module BSC consists of multiple BMs and one AM/CM. Eight BMs can be
installed in four BM cabinets and the AM/CM is configured in the AM/CM cabinet.
Both cabinets have the same dimensions. Each cabinet contains six frames,
numbered 05 from the bottom up. The AM/CM cabinet contains clock
synchronization frame (frame 5), communication control frame (frame 4),
transmission interface frame (frames 3 and 2), CDB (frame 1) and BAM in frame 0.
Because the clock frame, BAM and CDB are installed in the AM/CM cabinet, the only
device to be installed in the BM cabinet is the central processing frame and BIE.
Figure 1.1 shows an AM/CM cabinet/frame/board configuration of a multi-module
BSC.
4
UPS FAN
G
G G G G
P
P C C P
W
W K K W Frame 5
C
S S S C Clock Syscronization Module
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
G G G G GG G G GG G G G G G
P A M M MM M M MM M M S S P
W L C C CC C CCCC C N N W
Frame 4
C M C C CC C CCCC C T T C Communication Control Module
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
G
G E EE EEE E E E E E EE E E E G
P
P 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P
W
W M MM MMM M M M MM MM MM M W
C
S C Frame 3
G G
Transmission interface Module
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
C 12 C 14
13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
T T
G
G G G G G N N G G G G G
P
P F F F F F F F F P
W
W B B B B B B B B W
C
S I I I I I I I I C Frame 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Frame 1
Cell Broadcasting Module
Frame 0
Back Administration Module
Figure 1.1 AM/CM cabinet/frame/board configuration
A BM cabinet under full configuration contains two BMs in a multi-module BSC.
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Figure 1.2 shows the BM cabinet/frame/board configuration (full configuration) of a

multi-module BSC.
6
UPS FAN
G
G BB BBB B B BB B BB B B BB B G
P
P I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I P
W
W EE EEE E E EE E EE E E EE E W Frame 5
C
S C Base station Interface Equipment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
GG G G GG G G GL L G GG G G G
PP N N NN E M MP P L L MMA P
WW O O OO M P E N N A AC C L W
Frame 4
CS D D DD A U M7 7 P P2 2 M C
CG C G
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
K10N 11K 12N 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Central Processionmodual
VE V E
T T
GG G G GG G GG G G G G G
PP N N NN M L L L L O O P
WW O O OO P AA A A P P W
CS D D DD U PP P P T T C Frame 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
G
G BB BBB B B BB B BB B B BB B G
P
P I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I P
W
W EE EEE E E EE E EE E E EE E W
C
S C Frame 2
Base station Interface Equipment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
GG G G GG G G GL L G GG G G G
PP N N NN E M MP P L L MMA P
WW O O OO M P E N N A AC C L W Frame 1
CS D D DD A U M7 7 P P2 2 M C
CG C G
K10N 11K 12N 13 Central Processionmodual
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
VE V E
T T
GG G G GG G GG G G G G G
PP N N NN M L L L L O O P
WW O O OO P AA A A P P W
CS D D DD U PP P P T T C Frame 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Figure 1.2 BM cabinet/frame/board configuration
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4.3 Technical Parameters
Multi-module BSC
I. Frequency bands
Frequency bands supported: 850 MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900 MHz.
II. System capacity
Depending on requirements and the number of installed BM, cabinets (1 to 5) can be

configured in multi-module BSC It can support 1024 TRXs or 512 BTSs at the most,
with the following interfaces:
256 Ater interfaces
512 BTS
16 SS7 ports
1536 LAPD
64 Pb interfaces
When Half Rate function is configured, the whole BSC can support 512 TRXs to 1024
TRXs.
When all TCHs are configured with Half Rate, the entire BSC can support 512 TRXs.
III. System load
Traffic load in busy hour: 6400 Erl (0.1% block rate)

Processing capability in busy hour: 800K-BHCA
IV. System clock
Min. accuracy: 4.610-6

Maximum frequency deviation: 210-8
V. Physical
For one cabinet:

Height: 2,100 mm
Width: 880 mm
Depth: 550 mm
Weight (fully configured): 310 kg
VI. Working environment
Floor bearing capacity: 450 kg/m2

Operating normal temperature: 1535oC
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Operating safe temperature: 045oC

Operating normal humidity: 3065%
Operating safe humidity: 1090%
VII. Input voltage
The input voltage ranges from 57 V DC to 40 V DC.
VIII. Power consumption
Fully configured AM/CM cabinet: 500 W

Fully configured BM single module: 350 W
Fully configured BSC (AM/CM+8BM): 3300 W
Fully configured TCSM unit: 1320 W
4.4 Software Architecture
The distributed control and centralized database software design of the M900/M1800
BSC ensures high reliability and efficiency. The self-designed dynamic control
algorithms are implemented intelligently and provide a compact system and relatively
fast execution of the events such as channel management, handover decision and
power control functions.
The software system of the M900/M1800 BSC has excellent expandability. Software
optimization helps to enhance the processing capability of the host, which ensures a
reliable functioning of multi-module BSC. The software system of the M900/M1800
BSC has strong protections against errors. Carrier frequency mutual assistance is
developed and implemented to enhance the fault tolerance of the BSC system
software. Full backup protection, traffic control, and resources check better the
system reliability.
Its rich Operation and Maintenance functions allow a user to control and manage
various functions remotely through OMC. It provides visual graphic interfaces through
OMC, which helps to monitor the network and in case of any abnormality, take
spontaneous actions. It provides dynamic data configuration through which
maintenance staff can block a device without any effect on the current subscriber's
call. The host software in the software system can be loaded from the BAM into the
memory of the GMPU boards and backup software can be stored in the Flash
Memory of GMPU. The running software of the boards is stationed in respective
CPUs. During system upgrading, related software can be loaded through OMC
without affecting the normal operations of other parts, which ensures rapid and easy
upgrading of software version. Figure 1.1 shows the software architecture of
M900/M1800 BSC.
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BSC Software
Central Processors Operation and

plug-in-unit Software
Software administration Software
Radio resource
Pb interface alarm management
management
call management
channel management Statistics management
Base Transceiver Station A interface

Management
Test task management
Abis Interface
SCCP
LAPD interface to OMC-R
Handover decision
MTP
Power control
Database management software
operating system
Figure 1.1 Software structure of the BSC
4.5 Major Features
M900/M1800 BSC is a complete and cost-effective solution supported by highly

integrated system elements. Reliable design, powerful functions and flexible
expansion ensures its popularity. The following describes some of the functions of the
BSC.
I. GPRS/EGPRS on air
The M900/M1800 BSC supports GPRS/EGPRS services, a way towards to 3G

mobile communication standards. It also provides data services to end users.
II. Standard and compatible interfaces
The interfaces of the BSC support 2Mbit/s E1. The M900/M1800 BSC provides
standard A-interfaces so that it can be easily deployed in any cellular network, and
supports Abis and Pb interfaces to BTS and PCU respectively. On the Abis interface,
each E1 can provide maximum transmission capacity of 15 TRXs.
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III. High integration and small floor space
Because of its modular approach, only four cabinets are required to contain eight
BMs, which provide the compact system that demands less installation space.
IV. Low power consumption
Only five cabinets are needed to contain 1024 TRXs, reducing power consumption.
V. Flexible BTS networking structure
The M900/M1800 BSC can support different transmission networking modes to

configure the BTS, which will be discussed in detail latter.
VI. Large capacity and strong processing capability
The M900/M1800 BSC is designed for both small and large capacity networks, which
means fewer BSCs and less investment.
VII. Easy expansion
Modular structure enables the on-line smooth expansion i.e. no need to interrupt the
systems running services.
VIII. Centralized monitoring
The M900/M1800 BSC gives a complete and powerful system monitoring system so
that the performance of the system can be checked continuously. This enhances the
network reliability.
IX. Error code test on Abis interface
The error code transmitted across the Abis interface between BTS and BSC can be
detected by making use of traffic statistic function, which implements the main
functions of error code tester. In addition, the time and location of the testing is not
limited.
Implementation Plan: A statistics can be made on the link layer message of Abis
interface up/down links and the transmission frames of the physical layers via the task
of LAPD Protocol Performance Measurement on BSC traffic statistic console.
X. Subscriber-based message tracing function
The message is originated from the BSC maintenance console. The signaling,
including the signaling of A-interface, Abis interface and Um interface, of certain
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special subscribers can be traced. You can input the keywords (such as, IMSI, TMSI,
MSISDN, and IMEI) to trace the target user. If the users information in the call
signaling matches that of the expected user, the signaling after this call is returned to
OMC and displayed.
4.6 Services and Functions
The M900/M1800 BSC supports the following services and functions:

Supports P-GSM, E-GSM, R-GSM, DCS1800 frequency band as ETSI GSM
protocol mentioned.
Provides all functions for BTS supervision, which is stipulated in the GSM
specifications. Self-designed intelligent algorithms ensure the reliability
especially SDCCH dynamic allocation. Location updating, call connection, short
message, message on demand and SMS-based WAP use the signaling
channels and their traffic is gradually increased. The SDCCH dynamic allocation
function enables the real time dynamic adjustment of the SDCCH and TCH ratio
depending on the radio environment, and improved Quality of Service (QoS) as a
result. Support eMLPP (Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption
service).
Supports the broadcasting of short messages in the cell. Weather reports,
advertisements, stock, banking, traffic information can be transmitted to MS
through broadcast control channel.
Supports smooth channel assignment during the call set-up requested to or from
the MS, support re-assignment.
Supports, call handling, Full Rate (FR), Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) and Half Rate
(HR) voice coding. It also offers Very Early Allocation (VEA), Early Allocation
(EA) and Off-air Call Set Up (OACSU) mode.
Supports discontinuous transmission (DTX) and Voice Activity Detection (VAD)
implementation.
Encryption is used for ciphering and deciphering of information to and from an
MS over a dedicated resource to provide security. Encryption is used or not by
BTS but BSC provides this control.
Provides paging queuing and call queuing function.
With the help of different parameters and reports monitors the states and status
of radio channels.
To reduce the radio channel interference and maximum network utilization it
supports both baseband and synthesizer hopping.
Traffic statistic reports are used to increase the system efficiency and helps in
network optimization.
High integration of TC supports all standard services.
To provide a continuous conversation when roaming is the core objective of a
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cellular network. When a user moves from one BTS to another, the call is
handed over to a new BTS so that there will be no interruption.
Supports hierarchical cellular network structure. The radio network is divided into
4 layers, each layer can be divided into 16 priorities to control the traffic
distribution.
Supports GSM900/GSM1800 co-BCCH, which means frequencies in GSM900
and GSM1800 can be configured into one cell.
Power Control is an important feature to improve the transmission quality by
reducing interference. It also prolongs the battery lifetime.
Operation and maintenance: Powerful tools on management, which provides
easy maintenance of OMC-R link, BTS and BSC fault management through
OMC or local terminal.
Supports Integrated network management interface of OMC, it includes
integrated network management interface of statistics and integrated network
management interface of alarm.
OMC-R supports Dynamic Data Configuration for BSS, which provides GUI
interface for Data configure.
Supports Data configuration and BTS smooth software down loading.
Supports 16kbit/s RSL and OML on Abis interface
Supports 64kbit/s semi-permanent connection from BTS to BSC or from BSC to
MSC.
Supports multiple MNC functions
Supports star, tree, chain and ring topologies on the Abis interface for site
connection.
Supports Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). The 4 16kbit/s links
for MCS1-9 of EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) are supported and dynamic
conversion between these modes can be made based on the BEP (Block Error
Probability) report from the mobile and radio transmission quality.
Supports Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR). Allow the BTS and the MS automatically
select the proper Codec algorithm based on the actual radio environment to
adjust the Codec rate and finally improve the voice quality.
Support 3-digit MNC. All the cells (including external cells) within BSC can be
configured with 3 -digit MNC and 2-digit MNC. The local MNC can also be
configured as 3-digit or 2-digit. The user can configure it flexibly with no
limitation.
Support LCS function based on CELL ID+TA of BSS. Huawei BSS can
implement the BSS-based CELL+TA mobile location service. Cell ID + TA
location is to use current parameter TA to estimate the distance between MS and
BTS, thus raises the location precision on the basis of Cell ID. Huawei BSC
integrates Service Mobile Location Center (SMLC). The interface between BSC
and SMLC is the internal interface. The location precision of this scheme is about
500m.
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Support User Signaling Tracing. Input the user characteristic (such as IMSI,
TMSI, MSISDN, and IMEI) through the BSC OMC, and the host decodes the
signaling of the call and then compares the characteristic in the signaling with the
input characteristic. If the they match, the host returns the signaling of the call to
the OMC to display. This function can trace, save and review the signaling on the
A interface and Abis interface. It can trace 16 users at the same time.It can also
trace the A interface or Abis interface of a user.When trace the message on the
Abis interface, you can choose whether to trace the measurement report. When
the intra-BSC handover occurs, this function informs the target BM to continue to
trace the user through BSC.
4.7 Reliability
The M900/M1800 BSC is designed to meet the availability requirements of the ITU-T.
The following design objectives have been adopted to ensure that the availability of
the BSC is very high.
Simplicity and speed of the maintenance procedures are the prerequisites for the
availability of the M900/M1800 BSC. The maintenance is improved by the modular
structure of the equipment, automatic fault detection procedures, and elimination of
downtime by using a hot-standby or load-sharing unit in the event of a failure.
The following design objectives have been adopted to ensure that the unavailability of
the BSC is very low.
Reliability parameter:
MTBF (mean time between failures): 341298 hours
MTTR (mean time to repair): 1 hour
Availability: 99.9997%
Mean time of system down per year: 0.026 hours
I. Reliability Measures
Hot-standby or load-sharing working mode is adopted for important unit. All vital or
important component of BSC are duplicated and mechanisms are included providing
for automatic reconfiguration in the event of failure. The switching module, operation
and maintenance module, base station interface equipment, LAPD and SS7
procession module etc are design in hot standby and load-sharing working mode to
ensure high reliability.
II. Performance Measurement
OMC supports comprehensive network statistics and observation reports for short-
and long-term trend analysis purposes. By the excellent data of statistics, the
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customer can decide the optimizing method easily.
The BSSOMAP module accepts performance measurement tasks started by the

OMC traffic statistics console and schedules them centrally. It notifies the relative
modules to start/stop measurement, eventually collects and processes measurement
results, and send the result to the OMC statistics console.
Performance measurement tasks have absolute time life cycle and statistic cycle
attributes. For example, a performance measurement task on a cell starts on July 6,
1998. The statistics life is 60 days. The measurement is conducted between 9:00 am
to 14:00 pm with 5 minutes cycles. The task scheduling is hence driven by the
absolute timer in the system.
Results of the measurements are sent to the OMC traffic statistics console once a
second with the resending acknowledgment message. The customer performs the
tasks through OMC traffic statistics console.
III. Traffic Control
Traffic control of the M900/M1800 BSC includes traffic control inside the system and
on the Abis interface.
Internal traffic control conducts traffic control over the whole BSC based on the
GMPU loading software and its processing capacity. The internal traffic control
monitors key system resources including CPU loading, message queues and
evaluates system flow level.
The traffic control on the Abis interface is exercised specifically over the loading of
radio resources, based on the cell so as to reduce traffic volume at the source. The
traffic control on the Abis interface handles the overload messages from the Abis
interface, calculates the flow level in the cell, and provides appropriate control over
the access of the MS in the cell.
Design of internal traffic control
Traffic flow is classified into 12 levels. The higher the flow level is, the lower the
service level.
Level 0 is a normal running level; levels 1-11 are flow levels for the BSC traffic control.
At different levels, the module provides different levels of service. When traffic control
exists in the BSC system (traffic control level is higher than 0), packet service access
is prohibited
Design of traffic control on the Abis interface
Traffic is classified into 12 levels, with cell as the smallest control unit. The higher
traffic level means lower service level.
15
Level 0 is a normal running level, levels 1-11 are the flow level for certain cell. At
different flow level, the cell provides different service level. When there is traffic
control (traffic control level is greater than 0) in a cell, new packet service access is
prohibited.
IV. Resources Check
The resources check function of the M900/M1800 BSC ensures reliable system
running by providing powerful self-test for faults and recovery functions. This function
automatically corrects the running errors that can take place in various abnormalities,
check the usage of system resources, and ensures correct allocation, use, and
release of various resources. To prevent the accumulation of errors generated during
the long-term running of the system that can lead to deterioration of system
processing capability, the function corrects various faults so as to ensure the reliable
running system.
Resources check initiated by the BSC
This function is dispatched by the CHECK software module, and conducted in the
various modules. It can be performed in two ways i.e. checking initiated at the
maintenance console and timed resources check every day. It mainly involves:
Check the usage of the memory resources, for example, allocation and release
of the call control block.
Check the usage of A-interface circuit resources.
Check the consistence between radio resources occupation and state.
Check the usage of GNET board resources.
Check the consistence between the signaling link occupation and state.
Miscellaneous, check the consistency of the system controls parameters.
Resources check initiated by the PCU
To eliminate the inconsistency between the PCU and BSC due to certain
abnormalities, it is necessary to check resources periodically between the BSC and
PCU. The check is initiated by PCU, and BSC is responsible for correcting the
inconsistency between the two entities. The check mainly involves:
Check the type and state of PDCH channels
Check the PCIC states.
Check the cell states.
16
System Description Chapter 5
Chapter 5 M900/M1800 TCSM
Huawei TCSM units are functional units of the BSC. A TCSM can be located either at
the BSC or MSC site. Sub-multiplexing is used between the BSC and TCSM to
reduce transmission costs. Sub-multiplexing also reduces the amount of PCM lines
needed between the MSC and the BSC sites.
TCSM converts the 64 kbit/s traffic channels arriving from the MSC into 16 kbit/s or 8
kbit/s channels and multiplexes these channels to fit the PCM line time slots going
towards the BSC. The same principle in reverse applies in the other direction and vice
versa.
Although TCSM units is the functional part of BSS but usually it is located at the MSC
end, this results in four times the standard PCM capacity in terms of traffic. Since the
rate of each channel of existing terrestrial lines is 64kbit/s, it is a waste if one channel
is used to carry one 16kbit/s GSM channel. To save terrestrial line resources, sub-
multiplexer (SMUX) is generally used between MSC and BSC to multiplex 416kbit/s
channels to transmit four-voice channels through one terrestrial line channel.
In general TRAU and SMUX are integrated in one unit called TCSM i.e. it handles
both rate conversion and multiplexing simultaneously.
5.1 Hardware Architecture
In M900/M1800 multi-module BSC, FTC board accomplishes functions of TRAU and

MSM and E3M together boards accomplish functions of SMUX. MSM is configured on
TCSM/MSC side and E3M is on BSC side. The frame where FTC and MSM boards
are installed/inserted is called TCSM frame. Four MSM boards and 16 FTC boards
can be plugged in 1 TCSM frame.
The multi-module BSC uses the E3M board in AM/CM module to perform rate
adaptation function for BSC.
1
Figure 1.1 Multi-module BSC with TCSM units
5.2 Major Features
Compact and intelligent design of a TCSM provides easy control and maintenance.
Huawei TCSM has the following salient features.
The most fundamental function of TRAU is to encode and decode voices.
Regular Pulse Excitation Long Term Prediction (RPE-LTP) algorithm is used.
(EFR service adopts CELP algorithm). After the addition of synchronous bits and
command words, a frame signal of TRAU has 320 bits. The reverse process of
coding is called decoding. After receiving TRAU frame from BSC direction,
TRAU will restore it to voice data by decoding algorithm and send to the MSC.
The TRAU functions are performed by FTC board.
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) is used together with Silence Descriptor (SID)
technique in the discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode of GSM. If TRAU
detects that there is no voice information in the data received from MSC through
VAD functional module, it will clear voice flag in the encoded TRAU frame. After
BTS identifies this flag bit, transmission of downlink will be disconnected till the
flag resets. In the same way, TRAU identifies SID flag at the reception of uplink
frame.
TRAU provide a transparent data transmission. GSM data services includes the
transmission of various data messages e.g. text, image, fax, computer files etc.
During data service communication, TRAU accomplishes the format conversion
of data frame and rate adaptation without transcoding for transferred data.
Huawei FTC board transmits the signaling on a time slot without any processing
and SMUX can transparently transfer one channel of signaling so that signaling
information will not be effected.
TRAU provides powerful operation and maintenance functions. MSM board and
E3M/SMI can communicate with each other through HDLC link, which occupies
the last two bits of 31st timeslot on E1 link. BSC can operate and maintain the
remote TCSM units through this HDLC link.
2
Huawei TCSM can multiplex 430=120 voice channels to 1 standard E1 link

and de-multiplex 120=430 voice channels from 1 standard E1 link.
TRAU is compatible with Full Rate (FR), Half Rate (HR) ,Enhanced Full Rate
(EFR) and Adaptive MultiRate (AMR).
5.3 Cabinet Layout
Figure 1.1 shows the TCSM cabinet/frame/board configuration.
When a TCSM is configured at the BSC side, TCSM frame is generally installed in the
same cabinet with BM.
Usually, the TCSM is configured at the MSC side to save the transmission resources,.
3
FAN UPS
P F B
F M F F F F M F F F F M F F F F M F F P
W T T
I S T T T T S T T T T S T T T T S T T W Frame 5
S C C
E M C C C C M C C C C M C C C C M C C S
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
P F B
W T T
I S T T T T S T T T T S T T T T S T T W
S C C
E M C C C C M C C C C M C C C C M C C S Frame 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
P F B
W T T
S C C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
P F B
W T T
S C C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
P F B
W T T
I S T T T T S T T T T S T T T T S T T W Frame 1
S C C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
P F B
W T T
S C C
Frame 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Figure 1.1 Fully configured TCSM cabinet
4
5.4 Technical Parameters
5.4.1 System Capacity
Single TCSM cabinet supports:

24 TCSM units
96 (E1) A-interfaces
24 (E1) Ater interfaces
5.4.2 Physical Parameters
Height: 2,100 mm
Width: 840 mm
Depth: 550 mm
Weight (under full configuration): 310 kg
5.4.3 Working Environment
Floor bearing capacity: 450 kg/m2

Operating normal temperature: 1535oC
Operating safe temperature: 045oC
Operating normal humidity: 3065%
Operating safe humidity: 1090%
5.4.4 Input voltage
The input voltage ranges from 57 V DC to 40 V DC.
5.4.5 Power consumption
The power consumption of a fully configured TCSM cabinet (containing 6 frames) is

1320 W.
5
System Description Chapter 6 Compatibility
Chapter 6 Compatibility
Huawei M900/M1800 GSM system complies with ETSI standard and relevant
protocols. Huawei M900/M1800 BSS is based on the GSM technical parameters set
by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). These technical
parameters are designed to ensure inter-operability of equipment from different
manufacturers in the same GSM network.
Huawei M900/M1800 BSS is not only compatible with Huawei M900/M1800 Network
Switching Subsystem (NSS) and GPRS Switching Subsystem (GSS), but also
compatible with the major switch suppliers.
The A-interface is an open interface. Huawei has accomplished intensive testing

concerning the A-interface. Huawei has tested the M900/M1800 BSS with all the
major switch suppliers on the market. Huawei BSS has been proved to interwork with
other manufacturers' MSCs such as Nokia, Alcatel, Siemens, Ericsson and Nortel etc.
Huawei self-developed 3G system will fully support the smooth evolution from
GSM/GPRS/EDGE to 3G.
1
System Description Chapter 7 Quality
Chapter 7 Quality
In order to maximize service quality and to run the network effectively, the equipment
and software must be planned and produced according to specific quality standards.
7.1 Hardware and Software
The hardware of equipment goes through a comprehensive commissioning,

integration and system testing before being delivered to customers. The modularity of
the equipment and the use of a hot standby unit in the event of a failure enhance
equipment reliability. All critical functional elements use 2N or N+1 redundancy
method to maximum the reliability.
In different phases the software of equipment goes through such as comprehensive

testing, reviews and inspections, etc. The procedures, methods, tools and modularity
design enables high quality control.
In order to guarantee the quality to products and satisfaction to customers, capability

maturity model (CMM), which was put forward by American software engineering
institute (SEI), has been applied to software development course. The core of CMM is
to put the concept, capability, expression and maturity of the software process
together to implement the controllability of software production and quality. It is just
the advanced software development thought that makes Huawei system software
development be in invincible position.
At the hardware designing, Huawei widely makes use of the 0.35 m ASIC
technology, for which Huawei holds independent intellectual property rights, to greatly
improve the integration level of the products and decrease the dimension and power
consumption of the products. Comparing with same products of other corporations,
the power consumption is curtailed by 30% and the dimension is curtailed by 40%.
Huawei promises to provide more excellent products to customers.
7.2 Document
Huawei documentation goes through several procedures such as reviews,

inspections and testing in its development to ensure the quality. The terminology used
in Huawei document is based on the recommendations of ITU-T and the applicable
standards of ETSI, ICE, ISO and GSM Phases.
Huawei provides electronic and paper format Documentation for customer browsing.
1
System Description Chapter 7 Quality
7.3 Customer Service
Ensuring high quality of maintenance, service and good network performance,

Huawei customer service department provides the customer with a comprehensive
set of network planning, analysis, training and development services.
2
System Description Abbreviation
Appendix A Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full text
AM/CM Administration Module/ Communication Module
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
APL Advanced Phase Lock
BAM Back Administration Module
BCH Broadcast Control Channel
BER Bit Error Rate
BEP Block Error Probability
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempt
BIE Base station Interface Equipment
BM Basic Module
BSC Base Station Controller
BSS Base Station Subsystem
BTS Base Transceiver Station
C/I Carrier/Interference
CCCH Common Control Channel
CDB Central Database
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDU Combiner and Divider Unit
CELP Code Exited Linear Predictive Coding
A-1
CPU Central Processing Unit
CS Coding Scheme
DC Direct Current
DCH Dedicated Control Channel
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DTX Discontinuous Transmission
EA Early Allocation
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
EGPRS Enhanced GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
eMLPP Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service
FR Full Rate
FTTB Fiber To The Base station
GALM Alarm Board
GCKS Clock Board
GLAP LAP Board
GMCCM Module Communication and Control Board
GMEM Memory Board
GMPU Main Processing Unit
GMSK Gaussian Minimum shift Keying
GNOD Node Control Board
GOS Grade of Service
A-2
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
GSNT Switching Board
HSC Hot Swap Control
LAN Local Area Network
LAPD Link Access Protocol D
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
MFU Microcell Frame processing Unit
MMI Man Machine Interface
MMU Microcell operation and Maintenance Unit
MPA Microcell Power Amplifier
MS Mobile Station
MSC Mobile Switching Center
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTR Microcell Transceiver Unit
NSS Network SubSystem
O&M Operation and Maintenance Center
OACSU Off Air Call Set Up
OMC Operation and Maintenance Center
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
A-3
PCU Packet Control Unit
PDN Public Data Network
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PMU Power Management Unit
POMU Packet Operation and Maintenance Unit
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU Power Supply Unit
RF Radio Frequency
RPE-LTP Regular Excitation Long Term Predictor
RPPU Radio Packet Processing Unit
SCP Signaling Control Processing
SGSN Serving GPRS support Node
SID Silence Descriptor
SMI Sub Multiplexer Interface
SMC Short Message Center
SMS Short Message service
SMUX Sub Multiplexer
SS7 Signaling System 7
TCH Traffic Channel
TCSM Transcoder and Sub Multiplexer
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TEU Transmission Extension unit
TMU Transmission Management Unit
A-4
TRAU Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit
VAD Voice Activity Detection
VEA Very Early Allocation
VLR Visitor Location Register
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
WCDMA Wide band CDMA
xDSL x Digital Subscriber Line or x Digital Subscriber
A-5

M900 M1800 BSC V300R002 System Description 200603

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System Description Table of Contents

M900/M1800 Base Station Controller

Chapter 2 Network Architecture.................................................................................................. 1

Chapter 3 System Interfaces....................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 4 M900/M1800 BSC......................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 5 M900/M1800 TCSM...................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2 Network Architecture

Figure 1.1 Huawei BSS solution

Chapter 3 System Interfaces

3.1 Abis interface

3.2 Ater interface

3.4 Interface with OMC and M2000

The implementation of OMC interface is based on the Operation and Maintenance

The interface is a Local Area Network (LAN) interface.

The PCU and BSC connect to the same OMC.

The M900/M1800 BSC can be operated and maintained by OMC or by iManager

3.5 Interface with External CBC

This is a Huawei specific interface. The interface is a LAN/WAN/X.25 interface. It

Chapter 4 M900/M1800 BSC

The BSC performs radio-related functions including handover, radio network

4.1 Hardware Structure

According to the hardware system a multi-module BSC can be divided into

PCU Pb-interface GCTN

OMC interface GSNT

Figure 1.1 Hardware structure of a multi-module BSC

An AM/CM cabinet consists of communication control unit, central switching unit,

The GMCCM supports the following functions:

III. Back administration module (BAM)

V. Transcoder and Sub-Multiplexer (TCSM) unit

VI. Clock synchronization system

VII. Alarm system

4.2 Cabinet Layout

Figure 1.1 AM/CM cabinet/frame/board configuration

A BM cabinet under full configuration contains two BMs in a multi-module BSC.

Figure 1.2 shows the BM cabinet/frame/board configuration (full configuration) of a

Figure 1.2 BM cabinet/frame/board configuration

4.3 Technical Parameters

Frequency bands supported: 850 MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900 MHz.

II. System capacity

Depending on requirements and the number of installed BM, cabinets (1 to 5) can be

III. System load

Traffic load in busy hour: 6400 Erl (0.1% block rate)

IV. System clock

Min. accuracy: 4.610-6

For one cabinet:

VI. Working environment

Floor bearing capacity: 450 kg/m2

Operating safe temperature: 045oC

VII. Input voltage

The input voltage ranges from 57 V DC to 40 V DC.

VIII. Power consumption

Fully configured AM/CM cabinet: 500 W

4.4 Software Architecture

Central Processors Operation and

Base Transceiver Station A interface

LAPD interface to OMC-R

Database management software

Figure 1.1 Software structure of the BSC

4.5 Major Features

M900/M1800 BSC is a complete and cost-effective solution supported by highly

The M900/M1800 BSC supports GPRS/EGPRS services, a way towards to 3G

II. Standard and compatible interfaces

III. High integration and small floor space