FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

FULL REPORT
SUBJECT CODE BFC 32501
EXPERIMENT CODE &
TITTLE
COURSE CODE
DATE
GROUP
GROUP MEMBERS NAME 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
LECTURER/
INSTRUCTOR/ TUTOR
DATE OF SUBMISSION
TSCR
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR WT
(%)
Attendance & Student in laboratory Student in laboratory Student in laboratory Student in laboratory just Student in laboratory 10
Discipline more than 1 hour late within 30 minutes to 1 within 10 to 30 minutes before laboratory start minutes earlier 1
hour late late
Aim / Purpose - Purpose is not - Purpose is somewhat - Purpose is identified - Purpose is identified - Purpose is clearly
identified vague - Relevant variables are - Relevant variables are identified
- Relevant variables are - Relevant variable are described in somewhat described - Relevant variables are 1
not described not described unclear manner described
Materials There is not a list of the Most lab materials All necessary lab All necessary lab materials All necessary lab
necessary lab materials included materials included but included and listed materials included and
not listed in any listed in an organized 1
particular order manner
Procedure Procedures are not Procedures are listed Procedures are listed in - Procedures are listed in - Procedures are listed
listed but not in clear manner clear steps but not clear steps in clear steps
numbered and/or - Each steps is numbered - Each step is
complete sentences and in a complete sentence numbered and in a 1
complete sentence
- Diagram are included
to describe the set-up
Data Data not represented or - Data lacks precision - Good representation - Accurate representation - Accurate
is not accurate - Greater than 20% of the data using tables of the data using tables or representation of the
difference with accepted or graphs graph data using tables or
values - Less than 15% - Data is fairly precise graphs
difference with accepted - Less than 10% difference - Graphs and tables are 4
values with accepted values labeled and titled.
- Precision is - Data is precise with
acceptable less than 5% difference
with accepted values.
Analysis / - Trends / patterns are - Trends / patterns are - Trends / patterns are - Trends / patterns are - Trends / patterns are
Result not analyzed not analyzed logically analyzed for logically analyzed logically analyzed
- Questions are not - Answer to questions the most part - Question are answered in - Question are
answered are incomplete - Questions are complete sentences answered thoroughly 4
- Analysis is not - Analysis is answered in complete - Analysis is thoughtful and in complete
relevant inconsistent sentences sentences
- Analysis is general - Analysis is insightful
Discussion No discussion was A statement of the A statement of the - Accurate statement of - Accurate statement of
included or shows little results is incomplete results of the lab the results of the lab the results of the lab
effort and reflection on with little reflection on indicates whether result indicates whether result indicates whether result
the lab the lab support the hypothesis support the hypothesis support the hypothesis
- Possible sources of error - Possible sources of 4
identified error and what was
learned from the lab
discussed
Participation Student was hostile Participation was Did the job but did not Used time pretty well. Showed interested,
(during about participation minimal appear to be very Stayed focused on the used time very well,
experiment)
interested. Focus lost experiment most of the guide other students 1
on several occasion time and very focused on the
experiment

Total score
EXAMINER COMMENTS: APPROVAL STAMP
 STUDENT CODE ETHIC (SCE)
FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT

I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not to
receive of give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything
mentioned in the report is true.

___________________________
Student signature

Name :

Matric No. :

Date :
1.0 OBJECTIVE

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

i. Be more proficient at dilutions.

ii. Be more proficient at performing a standard plate count and determining bacterial counts in a
sample.

3.0 THEORY (Not more than 2 pages)

4.0 EQUIPMENT & REAGENTS

5.0 PROCEDURES

6.0 RESULTS AND CALCULATION

Plating Average Dilution Total

Metho Colony/pl bacteria
1/10 1/100 1/1000 1/10 4
1/10 5
1/10 6
d ate / mL
Pour
Plate
Spread
Plate

7.0 DATA ANALYSIS

7.1 Show the calculation for each of the plating method and fill in the above table.
7.2 Analyze the results by using appropriate method. Explain your findings.
7.3 State the systematic bias error that could occur during this experiment.
7.4 Usually, the results give different readings for both methods. However, in some cases, both
methods produce the same results. Explain why the results are indistinguishable.

8.0 DISCUSSION

8.1 Explain the meaning of a phrase two times ten to the eight cells per mL in your own
convenient terminology.
Phrase two times ten to the eight cells per mL is a scientific notation that used to express the number
which means that there is 2 x 108 cells in each 1 mililitre

8.2 What the meaning of TNTC and the significant amount due to the TNTC?
To numerous to count and the significant amount due to the TNTC is more than 300 colonies. The formula
for determining bacteria count is
Colony count (CFUs) on an agar plate / total dilution of tube (used to make plate for colony count)

8.3 Give the formula for determining bacteria count.

Put a drop of water sample of tap water on a sterile plate of agar and then spread it uniformly over the
surface of the agar. Incubate the plate at 30.0oC after that observe the plate and repeat the steps above for
others water samples. The different of bacteria count for each type of water sample is because the
chemical content in the water is different especially for water sample for the tap water and the swimming
pool water which have been treated with chlorine before it is been use.

8.4 Design an experiment to compare the bacteria counts in different water samples (tapwater,
lake water, swimming pool water and rainbarrel water). Explain the difference of bacteria count
for each type of water sample?
Due to this experiment the suitable control is positive control. The positive control will give a positive result
of the experiment that can be used to compare the result while the negative control will give a negative
result or null effect.

8.5 In many experiments there are 2 types of control used which are positive and negative control.
Based on this experiment what is the suitable control? How will the control affect your findings?