Module Objectives

After completing this module, the participant will be able to:

Calculate the FDD Physical Layer overhead

1
 Module Contents

FDD Physical Layer Overhead

2
 Sync Signals and Frame Type 1 - FDD
Subframe 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

S S
l l

f1 (DL) o
t
o
t
0 1
0

Slot 0 Slot 10
Symbol 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SS
Subcarriers
Occupied

S P S P
DC - - DC - - 62
S S S S
S S S
Subcarriers
S

S-SS

3
Synchronization Signals Overhead
Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)
- occupies 144 Resource Elements per frame (20 timeslots); i.e. (62 subcarriers + 10 empty Resource Elements)
x 2 times/frame
Example: Normal CP, 10 MHz bandwidth; PSS overhead = 144 / (84 20 50) = 0.17 %
Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)
Identical calculation to PSS; same overhead as for PSS

10ms Radio frame

2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

1ms Subframe SSS

PSS
0.5ms = 1 slot checking for SSS
Normal CP at 2 possible positions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CP length
1 2 3 4 5 6
Extended CP

PSS & SSS frame + slot structure

in time domain (FDD case)
4
 Single Antenna Port and DL Reference Signals

DL RS, Normal TCP DL RS, Extended TCP

f=1
f=2 Reference
f=3 Signal

Resource
f=11 Element
f=12
S=0 S=6 S=0 S=5

5
 2 Port DL Reference Signals, Normal TCP
DL RS, Normal TCP

Port 0
R0
Reference
Signal
R0
Port 0
R0

Not used on
R0 this port

eNodeB R1 Port 1
Reference
R1
Signal
Port 1
R1
Not used on
this port
R1

6
 Antenna Port Layering

eNodeB

7
 Antenna Port Layering

eNodeB

8
DL Reference Signal Overhead

Reference Signal (RS)

- If 1 Tx antenna*: 4 RSs per PRB
- If 2 Tx antenna*: there are 8 RSs per PRB
- If 4 Tx antenna*: there are 12 RSs per PRB
Example below: Normal CP (84 RE) & 2 Tx antenna*, DL RS overhead = 8 / 84 = 9.52 %

* with 1/2/4 Antenna Ports PRB: Physical Resource Block

9
OTDOA Overhead

Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)

- Transmission of PRS reduces the available resource elements for DL traffic

- Additional overhead due to PRS
Between less than 0.1% up to 2% depending on configuration
With default configuration
- Additional overhead for FDD app. 0.6%
- Additional overhead for TDD app. 1.6% (UL-DL frame configuration 1)

- FDD - (PRS BW / SysBW)* #of DL frames/ repetition * PRS TTI repetition

Eg for FDD 20 MHz
100/100 * 1 * 1/160 = 0.625 %

Note: OTDOA = Observed Time Difference of Arrival

RSTD = Reference Signal Time Difference
10
 PDCCH, PHICH, and PCFICH overhead
Subframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Subcarriers

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Occupied

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Even Slot Odd Slot

Reference
R0 R0 Signal

DL PDCCH, PHICH, PCFICH

R0 R0
Resource
Blocks PDSCH
R0 R0

Not used on
R0 R0 this port

11
System Overhead Downlink
PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH
-The combination of PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH is able to occupy the first 1, 2 or 3 time domain
symbols per TTI
-As of RL30, the PDCCH Area defined in the PCFICH becomes dynamic
-Worst case scenario PDCCH Area is 3 Symbols wide
- The number of RE occupied per 1 ms TTI is given by (12 y x), where:
y depends upon the number of occupied time domain symbols per TTI (1, 2 or 3)
x depends upon the number of RE already occupied by the Reference Signal
x = 2 for 1 transmit antenna
20 MHz = 100 RB
x = 4 for 2 transmit antenna
4 Antenna 8 DRS in PDCCH Area
x = 4 for 4 transmit antenna
PCFICH = 3 Symbols
when y = 1 Dual Stream
x = 8 for 4 transmit antenna 16.67% Overhead
when y = 2 or 3

12
 PBCH Overhead
Occupies (288* x) Resource Elements (REs) per 20 timeslots per transmit antenna
The value of x depends upon the number of REs already occupied by the Reference Signal:
x = 12 for 1 Tx antenna, x = 24 for 2 Tx antennas & x = 48 for 4 Tx antenna
- Example: normal CP, 2 Tx antennas, 10 MHz bandwidth;
PBCH Overhead = (288 24) / (84 20 50) = 0.31%

one radio frame = 10 ms

72 subcarriers

Repetition Pattern of PBCH = 40 ms

13 PBCH * PBCH uses central 72 Subcarrier over 4 OFDM symbols in Slot 1

UL Demodulation Reference Signal Overhead (1/2)

Demodulation Reference Signal

(DRS)
- The DRS is sent on the 4th OFDM
symbol of each RB occupied by the
PUSCH.

UL DRS occupies the whole PUCCH

allocated band except 2 RB
bandwidth in the both end.
Reference signal: 12 RE PUSCH
(per RB) x (50-2) RBs not
dedicated to PUCCH /(84 PUCCH
x50) =13.14%

14
UL DRS Overhead (2/2)

Example:
For 1.4 MHz Channel Bandwidth, the PUCCH occupies 1 RB per Slot.
The number of RE per RB is 84 when using the normal CP.
This means the DRS overhead* is: ((6-1) 12)/(6 84) = 11.9 %

Channel BW PUCCH RB/slot DRS Overhead*

1.4 MHz 1 ((6-1) 12) / (6 84) = 11.9 %
3 MHz 2 ((15-2) 12) / (15 84) = 12.38 %
5 MHz 2 ((25-2) 12) / (25 84) = 13.14 %
10 MHz 4 ((50-4) 12) / (50 84) = 13.14 %
15 MHz 6 ((75-6) 12) / (75 84) = 13.14 %
20 MHz 8 ((100-8) 12) / (100 84) = 13.14 %

* for normal CP
15
PRACH Overhead

PRACH
- PRACH uses 6 Resource Blocks in the frequency domain.
- The location of those resource blocks is dynamic. Two parameters from RRC layer define it:
PRACH Configuration Index: for Timing, selecting between 1 of 4 PRACH durations and defining if
PRACH preambles can be send in any radio frame or only in even numbered ones
PRACH Frequency offset: Defines the location in frequency domain
- PRACH Overhead calculation: 6 RBs * RACH Density / (#RB per TTI) x 10 TTIs per frame
RACH density: how often are RACH resources reserved per 10 ms frame i.e. for RACH density: 1
(RACH resource reserved once per frame)
Channel BW PRACH Overhead
1.4 MHz (6 1) / (6 10) = 10 %
3 MHz (6 1) / (15 10) = 4 %
5 MHz (6 1) / (25 10) = 2.40 %
10 MHz (6 1) / (50 10) = 1.20 %
15 MHz (6 1) / (75 10) = 0.8 %
20 MHz (6 1) / (100 10) = 0.6 %

16
 Multiple PUCCH in One Subframe
Subframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Subcarriers
Occupied

Even Slot Odd Slot Demodulation RS

PUCCH 1 PUCCH 0 PUSCH
PUCCH 3 PUCCH 2 PUCCH
Resource
Blocks
UL

PUCCH 2 PUCCH 3
PUCCH 0 PUCCH 1

17
 PUCCH Overhead

PUCCH
- Ratio between the number of RBs used for PUCCH and the total number of RBs
in frequency domain per TTI
Channel BW PUCCH RB/slot PUCCH Overhead
1.4 MHz 1 1 / 6 = 16.67 %
3 MHz 2 2 / 15 = 13.33 %
5 MHz 2 2 / 25 = 8 %
10 MHz 4 4 / 50 = 8 %
15 MHz 6 6 / 75 = 8 %
20 MHz 8 8 / 100 = 8%

PUCCH carries UCI(Uplink Control Information),

i.e, Aperiodic CQI reports and ACK/NACK

18
Physical Layer Overhead Example

Example of overhead:
DL 2Tx 2RX
UL 1TX - 2RX
PRACH in every frame
3 OFDM symbols for
PDCCH
No OTDOA

19