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F E AT U R E S
14 PVC or CISP?
William Morris
Plumbing designers frequently face a choice between PVC and
cast iron for commercial underground drainage applications.
Unfortunately, the perfect drainage material for all applications
does not exist. This article explains the performance properties
of PVC and cast iron soil pipe drainage systems to aid plumbing
designers in material selection. 40 C ase Study: Domestic Water System Design
28 H
igh-rise Plumbing Design for High-rise Buildings
Dennis M. Connelly, CPD Jim Beveridge, P. Eng.
NFPA defines a high rise as a building with an occupied floor that is 75 Providing domestic cold and hot water to the upper floors provides the
feet above the level where firefighters stage operations. With that simple main challenge for the plumbing system engineer for a high-rise building
definition, all high-rise design challenges should be the same, right? The project. In this case study, the author describes the various parameters the
author discusses why the answer is not always clear cut. plumbing engineer must consider in overcoming this design challenge.
GE T T I N G T E C H N I C A L
48 10 Lessons Learned..........................................................J. Joe Scott II, CPD
Designing to Code
Plumbing Systems & Design is published bimonthly by the American Society of Plumbing Engineers, Inc., 8614 W. Catalpa Avenue, IL 60656-1116. Plumbing Systems & Design is an official publication of the American Society of Plumbing Engineers. Statements of
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6 From the Publisher............................ Stanley M. Wolfson Stanley M. Wolfson
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Addressing the Competition
8 Speaking Out
20 Peer to Peer.............................................Donald Wise, PE
M a g a z i n e
Continuous CirculationToo Hot?
Editor
38 The World of Design/Build........... Michael E. Smith, CPD J. Joe Scott II, CPD
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Waterless? Are We Sure About This?
Technical Editors
Karl Atteberry, PE
Esteban Cabello, PE, CPD
A S PE REPORT John DeLeo, CPD
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54 From the Presidents Pen Daniel Fagan, PE, CPD
60 From the Executives Desk Doug Page, PE, LEED AP
Jeffrey Ruthstrom, CPD
61 2007 Grassroots Meeting Goes High-tech Mark Tanner, CPD
62 New ASPE Members Patrick Whitworth, CPD
James Zebrowski, PE, CPD
Stephen Ziga, CPD, CET
Managing Editor
CONTINUING EDUCATION Gretchen Pienta
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COMMENTS FROM
SATISFIED CUSTOMERS:
Im amazed by the Sizing and specifying the
lack of maintenance Navigator valve couldnt
on these valves, have been easier,
Head of Plumbing Plumbing Foreman
University of Hartford NovaCare Center
the privilege of traveling to Philadelphia, St. Louis, San Antonio, with the September 2007
2007
;
A publication
the AmericAn Society of
Plumbing engine of
erS
and Chicago, have made new friends, and have run into several issue, PS&D will be pub-
old friends. Also, I have attended many classes taught by some lished 10 times per year.
great instructors and really have improved my education and Look forward to single-
Green Buildi
standing in the engineering community. OVERCOMING
month issues in Septem-
[CIPEs] have missed a lot in the last eight years, and now are
being handed an opportunity to get on board with the rest of us.
ber, October, November,
and December 2007, CHALLENGES
ng
I strongly encourage you to do it. and again in March,
Leif Lindahl, CPD April, May, and June of HOW TO SOLVE
WITHOUT GOIN BUSINESS DISPUTES
2008. January/Febru- G TO COURT
Senior Plumbing Designer
Knott Benson Engineering ary and July/August ARE PLUS-SIZE
USING VARIABLE
-SPEED TECHNO
TO YO LOGY
will remain, for the THE NEXT BIG THTOILET FIXTURES UR ADVANTAGE
ING?
time being, combined
issues. LEAR N WATE
STRATEGIES TOR SYSTEM DESIGN
AVOID LIABILITY
The magazine for
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eers, designers, specifi
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LESSONS LEARNED
By J. Joe Scott II, CPD
Designing to Code
Over the past few years, my company has been involved densate that certainly would form on the piping could
in more and more design/build projects. Due to these create a problem with moisture in the chase. Of course, if
experiences, I decided to take a step back and look at both you are not insulating the hot water piping, the additional
the design/build approach as well as the more traditional heat loss to the chase would help evaporate the conden-
design-bid-build approach. Some things surprised me, sate developed from the cold water piping. I do not know
and some didnt. I would like to present some thoughts if any installations were actually reviewed to see if not
regarding the differences in the two processes that I find insulating the hot and cold water piping in chases caused
interesting, and maybe we all can use the information to problems. I know of many piping installations without
rethink how we typically design buildings. insulation in chases that dont have many problems, but
With any project that we are working on, we are con- that does not alleviate my concerns about not insulating
cerned about budget. We somehow never have enough the piping.
of a budget to design the building exactly as we believe What I found to be the most interesting part of the dis-
it should be built. Beyond the usual discussion between cussion was when I voiced my opinion that the lack of
using cast iron versus polyvinyl chloride piping, some pipe insulation on the hot water piping did not comply
interesting ideas come out of many discussions about the with the energy code. The response was very simple: We
budget. An idea brought up in a recent discussion that I talked to the code authority, and they do not check for
find particularly interesting is the notion of not insulating compliance with the energy code. So, the issue is not
domestic hot water piping runouts to the fixtures that are what the code says or does not say, but rather whether or
located in either a wall or a chase. not the code authority enforces what the code says. I guess
that begs the question, when are code requirements
Unfortunately, there can be a fine line between enforceable? I understand what the code authority
is saying, but that somehow should not relieve the
due diligence of the design professional to do the
the intent of the code being a minimum right thing. I believe it is our responsibility to follow
what the code says, regardless of whether we agree
standard and the code too often being with the code language or not. We had a lengthy
discussion on this issue, with points being made on
both sides. The conclusion of the discussion is really
considered the maximum that is required. not the relative point in this column, but rather that
the discussion occurred at all.
Of course, my first concern was that such an installa- This discussion has caused me to stop and think about
tion would not comply with the energy code and, there- what I design and why I design it. When thinking about
fore, would not be permitted. However, in this case, the certain decisions regarding the systems we design, we
energy code is not quite clear on the matter and leaves always should put the publics well-being in the forefront
some room for interpretation. The only argument that and try our best to do the right thing. This is not always as
I found was the fact that the energy code uses the term clear or easy as we would like, and sometimes we need to
entire when referencing the domestic hot water recir- review various issues to make sure we understand intent.
culation system. What does the word entire mean in this Unfortunately, there can be a fine line between the intent
context? My interpretation was more inclusive than that of the code being a minimum standard and the code too
of the rest of the project team and included all piping up often being considered the maximum that is required.
to the fixture supply stops. The other interpretation was I hope this causes some discussions in your office about
that entire referred only to the recirculated portion of your interpretations of the items listed above. I think you
the system and did not necessarily apply to the unrecir- might be surprised.
culated branch piping off the recirculated piping. How
do you argue with that? I found the argument compelling
and almost agreed with it. However, I always have tried
to err on the side of conservation, and losing heat to a
plumbing chase for the sake of saving some money on
pipe insulation was not in anyones best interest.
One of the concerns was about the cold water. If we did Joe Scott is senior plumbing designer
not insulate the hot water piping in the chase, the con- for Cannon Design in St. Louis. To comment
on this article or for more information, e-mail
articles@psdmagazine.org.
in accordance with the requirements of In a recent plan review for one of the projects that I designed
in a neighboring statein which the local jurisdiction had
the IPC where this code is in effect and adopted the IPCone of the plan review comments stated,
Relief vents are required for each air-admittance valve. This
with the installation standards of the particular building was a single-story grocery store where an
air-admittance valve was specified for an island in a floral area.
specific manufacturer. It is apparent that the plan reviewer does not understand the
requirements for installing air-admittance valves. The inexpe-
gases from escaping from the drainage system. rienced plan reviewer saw Section 917.3.2, Relief Vent of the
Mechanical devices, including sump pumps, sewage ejectors, IPC that requires relief vents, but he did not completely read
check valves, backflow preventers, pressure-reducing valves, the requirements. As the previously mentioned requirement
circulating pumps, and pressure and temperature relief valves, number five states, relief vents are required only on drainage
are used and are necessary in plumbing systems. Those who systems that are more than four stories high.
exclude air-admittance valves from venting drainage systems It is imperative that all those involved in the design, review,
because they are mechanical devices also would have to exclude installation, and inspection of plumbing systems be famil-
all backflow preventers, pumps, and pressure-reducing valves iar with all aspects of the locally adopted plumbing code. As
from plumbing systems because they are mechanical devices as plumbing designers and plumbing engineers, we need to work
well. with local building officials to help them understand correct
Air-admittance valves must be installed in accordance with plumbing principles.
the requirements of the IPC where this code is in effect and
with the installation standards of the specific manufacturer. The Ray Moore is a principal with Professional
requirements of the major manufacturers are very similar to Engineering Services in Salt Lake City, ASPE vice
the requirements of the IPC. Following are the general require- president, legislative, and chair of the Utah Building
ments for installing an air-admittance valve: Codes Commission Plumbing Advisory Committee.
For more information or to comment on this article,
1. Individual or branch-type air-admittance valves may be e-mail articles@psdmagazine.org.
used for venting individual fixtures, branch fixtures, and cir-
cuited fixtures. By this requirement, air-admittance valves
are not permitted for venting combination drain and vent
Cast iron or PVC DWV? Thats the crucial question when Green Building Council. Additionally, cast iron can be readily
designing piping systems for commercial underground drainage recycled at the end of its service life.
applications in North America. Plumbing designers frequently The most current versions of ASTM A 888, ASTM A 74, and
face a choice between PVC DWV and cast iron for these appli- CISPI 301 all require the raw material to be 100 percent screened
cations due to budgetary considerations, contractor preference, for radioactive material (yes, this has happened with other cast
and other factors. As you would expect, the decision becomes products). The standards also require the iron to be subjected to
more complex when choices are introduced, such as whether to spectrographic analysis to ensure that it meets specified metal-
use service weight, no-hub, or extra-heavy cast iron or whether to lurgical content. Tensile strength testing also is required; test bars
approve cellular core PVC when solid wall has been specified. must meet or exceed 21,000 pounds per square inch (psi). Finally,
The short answer is that the perfect drainage material for all CISP pipe is required to be date-coded so that records for a lot of
applications does not exist. The selection of the correct mate- pipe can be matched to quality control (QC) records. According
rial for an application is as unique a decision as the require- to the standard, QC records must be maintained for a period of
ments for any specific project. The objective of this article is to seven years and must be made available upon request.
provide plumbing engineers and designers with general infor- A rigid piping system, CISP offers great structural strength,
mation on the performance properties of PVC and cast iron which significantly reduces hanger requirements and provides
soil pipe drainage systems with an emphasis on underground consistent fall. CISP has a maximum working temperature of
applications, to review the applicable standards, and to iden- 212F with ASTM C 564 gaskets (higher for lead and oakum
tify aids for material selection. joints) and good corrosion resistance to sanitary effluent. ASTM
What Are the Performance Differences? E 136 classifies cast iron as a non-combustible material, making
Over the years, PVC DWV and cast iron soil pipe have had it acceptable for use in plenum spaces.
proven track records of excellent service for the life of a building. PVC DWV. PVC has a high strength-to-weight ratio, broad
However, there are distinct performance differences between chemical resistance, and the unique ability to be solvent welded,
these piping systems, including working temperature, combus- which forms a permanent cross-molecular bond between pipe
tibility, initial cost, life expectancy, and structural strength. and fittings. These performance characteristics, combined with
Cast Iron Soil Pipe. The term soil pipe goes back to the ori- its relatively low cost, make PVC the most widely used piping
gins of plumbing. The name, which predates the term sanitary material in the world. PVC DWV is manufactured to ASTM D
waste, refers to a piping system designed to carry night soil. 2665, which is a system standard addressing solid wall PVC
Cast iron soil pipe (CISP) is manufactured to ASTM A 74 for ser- pipe, fittings, and solvent cement. Solid wall PVC also is com-
vice and extra-heavy pipe and fittings and CISPI 301 and ASTM monly manufactured and listed to ASTM D 1785 for pressure-
A 888 for no-hub pipe and fittings. Extra-heavy and service soil rated pipe and is thus dual marked. Cellular, or foam, core
pipe and fittings are commonly joined with compression gas- pipe is manufactured and listed to ASTM F 891 and is suitable
kets conforming to ASTM C 564 but also may be joined with lead for non-pressure applications only. Cellular core PVC pipe is
and oakum. No-hub pipe and fittings are joined with shielded designed to be used with ASTM D 2665 fittings. Solvent cements
couplings conforming to CISPI 310, ASTM C 1277, or ASTM C shall conform to ASTM D 2564. Primer is required to join PVC
1540 and a thermoset gasket conforming to ASTM C 564. Fre- properly and shall conform to ASTM F 656.
quently overlooked in project specifications, ASTM C 1540 is a Pipe and fittings manufactured to ASTM D 2665 or ASTM F 891
relatively new standard for heavy-duty no-hub couplings. (See are listed to National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard 14,
Summary of Standards sidebar.) which establishes minimum physical and performance proper-
CISP is most commonly manufactured from gray cast iron. ties, testing frequencies, and health effect requirements for plastic
The graphite content provides cast iron with natural corrosion piping systems and is the basis for third-party conformity assess-
resistance to sanitary effluents. Products produced by members ment programs required in most model plumbing codes.
of the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute (CISPI) are manufactured ASTM D 2665 and ASTM F 891 require pipe and fittings to be
from 100 percent post-consumer recycled content, which is produced from virgin material. At the end of its service life, PVC
becoming increasingly important for Leadership in Energy can readily be recycled into other products. Life-cycle assess-
and Environmental Design (LEED) certification under the U.S. ment (LCA) likely will become a requirement of LEED 3.0 to
assist in material selection and point qualification. The Plastic
brings you
three proven
systems to
connect
PEX.
Table 4 Pipe stiffness data plumbing designer or engineer may find the differences in the
Pipe Stiffness (lb/in./in.) performance properties of PVC and cast iron soil pipe drainage
Pipe Diameter
(in.) F 891 Foam Core D 2665 Solid Wall systems complex. By using the available industry resources to
2 300 600 weigh the requirements of an application against cost and ease
of installation considerations, design engineers can make the
3 300 510
best determination about which material to use.
4 200 310
6 120 150 Resources
8 100 100 Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Handbook, Cast Iron Soil Pipe
Institute, www.cispi.org.
Source: ASTM F 891 and ASTM D 2665
Handbook of PVC Pipe, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, www.
drainage applications, some specifiers believe that solid wall uni-bell.org.
is a more robust product better suited to commercial applica- ASTM International, www.astm.org.
tions. Table 4 shows that 2-inch solid
wall PVC pipe has twice the stiffness
of cellular core pipe. However, as the Table 5 Pipe deflection percentage
pipe diameter increases, the perfor- Pipe OD (in.)
mance gap is reduced until the values 3.500 4.500 6.625 8.625
merge at 8 inches. Foam Core Solid Wall Foam Core Solid Wall Foam Core Solid Wall Foam Core Solid Wall
Using the Uni-Bell calculator Depth (ft) (P.S. 300) (P.S. 510) (P.S. 200) (P.S. 310) (P.S. 120) (P.S. 150) (P.S. 100) (P.S. 100)
and the pipe stiffness data in Table 2.00 0.24% 0.17% 0.31% 0.24% 0.39% 3.60% 0.42%
4, with variables selected for this 4.00 0.48% 0.33% 0.62% 0.47% 0.79% 0.71% 0.85%
example, we can calculate deflec- 6.00 0.72% 0.50% 0.92% 0.71% 1.18% 1.07% 1.27%
tion of 3 inches (3.500 OD), 4 inches 8.00 0.96% 0.66% 1.23% 0.94% 1.58% 1.43% 1.70%
(4.500 OD), 6 inches (6.625 OD), and 10.00 1.21% 0.83% 1.54% 1.18% 1.97% 1.78% 2.12%
8 inches (8.625 OD) for solid wall and 12.00 1.45% 1.00% 1.85% 1.42% 2.37% 2.14% 2.54%
cellular core pipe. The results, com- 14.00 1.69% 1.16% 2.15% 1.65% 2.76% 2.50% 2.97%
piled in Table 5, indicate that both the 16.00 1.94% 1.33% 2.46% 1.89% 3.15% 2.85% 3.39%
solid and cellular core pipe can with- 18.00 2.17% 1.49% 2.77% 2.12% 3.55% 3.21% 3.82%
stand earth loads to a depth of 22 feet 20.00 2.41% 1.66% 3.08% 2.36% 3.94% 3.57% 4.24%
before deflection exceeds 5 percent. 22.00 2.65% 1.83% 3.38% 2.60% 4.34% 3.92% 4.66%
Thus, when properly installed, both 24.00 2.89% 1.99% 3.69% 2.83% 4.73% 4.28% 5.09%
solid wall and cellular core PVC pipe
26.00 3.14% 2.16% 4.00% 3.07% 5.12% 4.63% 5.51%
are suitable for commercial under-
28.00 3.38% 2.32% 4.31% 3.31% 5.52% 4.99% 5.94%
ground applications. As always, the
30.00 3.62% 2.49% 4.61% 3.54% 5.91% 5.35% 6.36%
final determination belongs to the
designer and is dependant on the Maximum deflection: 5%, Soil modulus: 400 psi, Proctor density: 8595%, Load: Prism
application.
Because of the countless variables involved in designing com-
mercial underground drainage applications, it is crucial that
design engineers have the tools and resources necessary to make
decisions on the best material to use. The most experienced
ASTM C 154004 Standard Specification for Heavy Duty Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless Aomitted
newer standard first published in 2004. For this reason, it is widely
from specifications. An excellent standard to reference for
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings designers who specify heavy-duty couplings.
ASTM C 56403A Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Specification for material used in service and extra-heavy compression
gaskets as well as no-hub couplings.
The scope of ASTM D 2665 covers both solid wall PVC pipe and PVC DWV
ASTM D 2665 Standard Specification for PVC Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings fittings. Solid wall PVC pipe is frequently manufactured to comply with
both ASTM D 2665 and ASTM D 1785 so that the resulting pipe is dual
marked for both pressure and drainage applications.
ASTM F 891 Standard Specification for Coextruded PVC Plastic Pipe With a Cellular Core Standard for cellular, or foam, core pipe.
ASTM D 2321 Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Good reference standard for the installation of PVC pipe in drainage
Sewers and Other Gravity Flow Applications applications.
n,-
,*
iV>
-v
> LIFE
BOILER
small amount of hot water from the heater coil must
be added to compensate for the cooling that occurs
as water circulates in the piping loop to maintain a
constant temperature.
20 Plumbing Systems & Design MAY/JUNE 2007 Figure 1 - Boiler piping with Thermostatic PSDMAGAZINE.ORG
Mixing Valve bypass
Which fitting isnt fitting?
Youd have to upgrade to a 3/4" PEX pipe
to match the flow rate of a 1/2" copper tube at the same velocity.
PEX pipe can give you fits with flow rates a 3/4" or larger PEX pipe. And larger pipe
and budgets. Lets compare two systems: costs more and is harder to install, offsetting
one with 1/2" copper tube (which uses any savings you hoped PEX would provide.
external fittings) and the other, 1/2" PEX
pipe (which uses internal fittings). The cop- So go with the flow and choose copper tube.
per tube system can achieve a flow rate of To see how this tried and true plumbing
5 gallons per minute at a given velocity. material and its external fittings fit into your
But at the same velocity in a PEX system, next project, call 800-741-6823 or visit
its restrictive internal fittings reduce flow rate www.copper.org/inside info.htm. Well
by 60%. To achieve the flow rate of the even send you a free Copper Tube Sizing
copper system, youd have to move up to Calculator and Copper Tube Handbook.
STOP
200 psi non-shock CWP
Check Valves:
2 in. and smaller: Class 125, rated 125 psi SWP,
200 psi non-shock CWP
2 in. and larger: Class 125, rated 125 psi SWP,
200 psi non-shock CWP
Medium-pressure Steam
(including up to 200-psi saturated steam to 391F
[201C])
Butterfly Valves:
Not allowed in steam services unless stated as
acceptable for the application by the manufac-
turer
Gate Valves:
2 in. and smaller: Class 200, rated 200 psi SWP, Oil, Grease & Solids
at the Source
400 psi non-shock CWP
2 in. and larger: Class 250, rated 250 psi SWP,
500 psi non-shock CWP
Globe Valves:
2 in. and smaller: Class 200, rated 200 psi SWP,
400 psi non-shock CWP High Quality - Large Capacity
2 in. and larger: Class 250, rated 250 psi SWP, Multi-Compartmented Interceptors
500 psi non-shock CWP
Check Valves: Sized to comply with all National and
2 in. and smaller: Class 200, rated 200 psi SWP, Municipal Plumbing Codes.
400 psi non-shock CWP
Designed to meet EPA and municipal
2 in. and larger: Class 250, rated 250 psi SWP,
sewer pretreatment discharge limits for
500 psi non-shock CWP
fats, oils, grease, and solids.
High-pressure Steam Service
(including up to 300-psi saturated steam to 421F Two Popular Styles for Sanitary
[216C]) Sewer Protection: Available with:
Gate Valves: Manways and Extensions
2 in. and smaller: Class 300, rated 300 psi SWP Passive Grease Interceptors remove large Traffic Bearing Covers
2 in. and larger: Class 300, rated 300 psi SWP quantities of fats, oils, and grease (FOG), Superior Corrosion Protection Systems
Globe Valves: and solids discharged from food service with 30 year limited warranty
2 in. and smaller: Class 300, rated 300 psi SWP facilities and large commercial and Rugged Acid Resistant Linings
2 in. and larger: Class 300, rated 300 psi SWP institutional kitchens. Double-Wall Construction
Stainless Steel Construction
Check Valves:
Sand/Oil Interceptors separate sand, oil,
2 in. and smaller: Class 300, rated 300 psi SWP
and grease (hydrocarbons and other Features:
2 in. and larger: Class 300, rated 300 psi SWP petroleum products) from automotive Superior Quality and Workmanship
Fire Protection Systems repair, car washes, and other petroleum Easy Installation and Maintenance
Gate Valves: and industrial facilities. High Performance and Reliability
2 in. and smaller: Class 175 psi WWP (water work-
ing pressure) ,OWE %NGINEERING 814-443-6800 FAX 444-8662
2 in. and larger: Class 175 psi WWP www.lowe-engineering.com staff@lowe-engineering.com
Circle 27 on your reader response card for product information.
and affordable through the years, and many such designs are still
active today or still are used in current design practices. Continu-
ing improvements and development of variable-frequency elec-
tric drives and an ever-increasing emphasis on reducing energy
consumption and costs make the variable-speed, direct-pumped
package a modern workhorse of the industry.
The critical need to provide adequate flow and pressure gives
the high-rise plumbing engineer ample opportunity to practice
their craft. A thorough understanding of pumping basics is criti-
cal to start with, and one of the most widely recognized sources
is the Fluid Handling Training and Education Department of
ITT Industries, better known as Bell and Gossetts Little Red
Schoolhouse. From this fundamental training, more advanced
texts could include the Pumps and Pumping Systems Handbook,
published by ASPE, as well as training brochures published by
all reputable pump manufacturers and system packagers. Even
the seasoned professional can benefit from occasional review of
these texts to refresh some of the basics and rediscover some of
the subtleties of pressure booster systems.
Drainage
Pressure control on the drainage side presents other chal-
lenges. True, water is essentially the same in either system; how-
ever, drainage theory holds that considerable air travels down-
ward with the water flow. This theory asserts that water flowing
in a vertical pipe tends to adhere to the pipes walls, acting very
much like a sleeve of water with a hollow core of air, all sliding
down the pipes walls until it reaches a ratio of approximately
6/24 full of the pipe cross-sectional area. This watery sleeve Common high-rise water supply schematic
travels at almost 15 feet per second (fps), propelled by gravity
but restricted by friction. When the piping remains vertical, the Venting
entrained air is relatively simple to control, but when piping off- Once the water is raised and used, it is discharged to a drain-
sets from the vertical, the fluid flow velocity drops considerably, age system that includes an attendant venting system, which is
filling the entire pipe diameter. Horizontal, sloped drainage responsible for the flow of air in the drainage piping network.
piping should flow in the 48 fps range, so it is easy to see that Air is critical to the drainage process because drainage flow is
a large slug of water can quickly develop. This can lead to com- caused by sloping pipes, and the motive force is gravity. Absent
pressing air in the path of the fluid and/or lowering air pressure air, the drainage would range from erratic to nonexistent. When
on the leaving side of the fluid flow. The impact of these fluid and the water in a pipe flows to a lower area, air must be added to
air fluctuations can be controlled by effective use of yoke vents, replace the water, or a negative pressure zone will occur. If this
relief vents, and vent connections at the bases of stacks. Here zone is near a fixture, air will be drawn into the drainage system
again, the solutions are largely not unique and have been used through the fixture trap with an easily identified gulping sound
successfully on many intermediate-height and even extremely and very slow drain performance. This condition leads to poor
tall high-rise buildings. (For those who are just beginning in this performance throughout the drainage system and trap seal loss
type of plumbing design, a recommended reference is High-rise due to siphoning or blowout.
Plumbing Design, by Dr. Alfred Steele.) The remedy for this condition is venting. At the individual fix-
A related concern is the impact of the hydraulic jump on the ture level, this consists of a fixture vent. As the number of fixtures
piping itself. The mass of water and the rapid change of velocity increases, venting needs do as well, and a venting system evolves,
from vertical to horizontal cause this jump. While the pressure with branch, circuit, and loop vents at the appropriate locations.
associated with this jump is significant, it does not destroy the When dealing with high-rise drainage stacks, a vent stack should
fitting at the base of the stack. Rather, the movement of the pipe be attendant, allowing for pressure equalization and relief along
stresses the frictional forces that hold the joint to the pipe, lead- the height and breadth of the system. Aside from relieving pres-
ing to eventual coupling failure. Good design must compensate sure in the drainage system, the vent system allows air to circulate
for the strong thrust that occurs at this change of direction. Suc- in both directions in response to the fluctuating flow in the drain-
cessful methods include increasing the horizontal drain size age system. In many high-rise vent designs, where stacks need
and/or slope, using thrust blocks, or using restraining joints to offset horizontally on a given floor, a relief vent is required.
with threaded rod or similar arrangements that mechanically Although not often highlighted, the building venting system also
anchor the fitting to the entering and leaving piping. serves to supplement the vent for the municipal sewer, relieving
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Above is just a partial list of all the chemical compounds that ChemDrain,
our new Corzan CPVC chemical waste drainage system, can handle.
You cant beat the system.
And after handling some of those, harsh words from our competitors
noxious or even hazardous gases and allowing the sewer to drain One method that sometimes helps with pipe size can be to
without pressure limitation. place wet columns at various locations on the floor plate.
Vertical Piping This sometimes reduces the main stack and supply riser sizes,
Plumbing engineers must consider the impact of plumbing can potentially minimize conflicts with the horizontal branch
systems on general construction practices. Most experienced in ceiling plenums, and certainly can help make the plumbing
engineers and contractors agree that vertical piping systems system more accessible for subsequent tenant connections.
are generally more effective than horizontal piping systems in Successful high-rise design requires the entire design team to
multilevel projects. Vertical piping uses fewer supports, hang- take extra effort to read, understand, and interpret the impact of
ers, and inserts and requires less horizontal space in ceiling ple- building systems on one another, as well as be open to discuss,
nums for sloping to achieve drainage. coordinate, and adjust each individual system to suit the needs
Altogether, vertical piping is a pretty good bargain; however, it of the building. A well-executed high-rise design is an integrated
is not without penalty. The penalty of vertical piping is multiple and complex assembly, and each component should be treated
penetrations through structural slabs. Each of these penetrations as a part of that integrated whole.
must be sealed or protected to prevent vertical migration of fire Fire Protection
and smoke (i.e., turning the tall building into a tall chimney). Not One area that should not be overlooked in any high-rise
only is the sealing of penetrations an issue, but the sheer number design is the fire protection systems. As a minimum, all high-
of penetrations also can be equally difficult. The location of these rise buildings should have sprinkler systems on each floor and
multiple penetrations is critical to the integrity of the structure standpipe systems in each stairwell. These systems have proven
and the function of the fixtures even more than the aesthetics of themselves throughout the years to significantly save both life
the built environment. Tall buildings require more robust struc- and property. The specific type, coverage density, and outlet
tures, further limiting the allowable space for penetrations. Other placement all vary based on the building type, height, and loca-
structural practices, such as post-tensioned beams and slabs, tion and local fire authorities. All high-rise buildings containing
which serve to lighten the overall building structure, can limit fire protection systems have large, dedicated fire pumps to pro-
even further the available locations for slab penetrations. vide the flows and pressures required for the individual system.
While not always tasked with these system designs, plumbing
engineers need to know that these systems are an integral part
of the building and must account for their presence regarding
equipment space, riser locations, and ceiling cavities.
Materials
For most high-rise designs, piping systems can be specified
and installed using very standard piping and fittings. Sanitary
and vent piping and storm water piping within these buildings
are mostly hubless cast iron, selected primarily for availabil-
ity and quiet operation. Underground sanitary and rainwater
piping is hub and spigot cast iron with gasket joints. In some
instances, particularly horizontal, large-diameter drainage
piping below grade, the piping is ductile iron with mechanical-
type joints. This type of piping system is used widely because of
its suitability to flow and pressure, availability, and quiet opera-
tion, and because it is typically made of post-consumer product,
so it is very green in application.
Water systems for high-rise buildings are typically Type L
copper. Tubing sizes 2 inches and smaller are typically assem-
bled using 95-5 solder; for larger diameter tubing, we usually
leave the contractor the choice to braze or use mechanical joints
with roll groove fittings. Medical gas distribution is typically
Type L copper with brazed joints as outlined by NFPA. Except for
extremely tall buildings, these materials generally give good ser-
vice over a wide pressure range and are within maximum pres-
sure limits by significant amounts. As buildings get taller, many
water systems can exert pressures that exceed the safe working
pressure of copper tubing. In some areas, stainless steel light wall
pipe (Schedule 10) or standard pipe (Schedule 40) is a reason-
able alternative to increase safe working pressures. Both of these
materials can be joined using roll groove mechanical joints.
Common high-rise drain and vent schematic
34 Plumbing Systems & Design MAY/JUNE 2007 PSDMAGAZINE.ORG
Complex High-rise Structures
Moving from the very general discussion about basic concepts
of design and system coordination, one must consider pressure
piping in the water supply and distribution system, as well as
general drainage and venting approaches. Finally, plumbing
engineers must recognize the impact of plumbing installation
on the building structure. All of these discussions apply, in
various degrees, to any type of high-rise building: office, con-
dominium, or hotel. These challenges multiply when plumbing
engineers design buildings that are more complex because of
function, such as hospitals. Typically, hospitals have a higher
density of plumbing fixtures than most other types of buildings,
leading to more penetrations to serve them.
Hospitals offer a challenge because they require so many
more systems. Aside from the routine rainwater, sanitary drain
and vent, and cold water systems, hospitals often have other
special piping needs, such as laboratory waste, medical gases,
or multiple water temperatures to serve patient care or cleaning Drainage stack thrust anchor detail. Thrust anchors shall be
and sanitizing purposes. installed at all aboveground bases of drainage stack turnouts.
Many hospitals have laboratories, and some other types of
institutional buildings may have drainage systems to serve chem- animals, which were appropriately safeguarded and cared for,
ical- or acid-using fixtures or equipment. Where this occurs, it is including cage-washing and autoclave equipment to protect
important to define acceptable piping materials, in both suit- against infection. Drainage from this equipment is a high-tem-
ability to the medium being piped as well as acceptability to the perature waste, which often causes difficulty with leakage when
local authority. High silicon iron, borosilicate glass, polypropyl- using one of the available plastic products.
ene, and PVDF are all commonly used. Different materials have Multiple water temperatures required for different operations
different strengths and weaknesses. Iron and glass piping are lead to another increase in piping and penetrations. This is not
almost universally suitable for use with most acids, bases, and only for the supply side, such as cold water distribution, but also
similar chemicals. Both are heavy and require more space for for the circulating hot water piping. Usually each water tem-
installation, but they are not easily attacked by flame or gener- perature must circulate independently, but occasionally mul-
ate heavy fumes and smoke. Simple penetration protection is tiple risers or multiple-temperature circulating piping can be
adequate in most locations. On the other hand, plastic products combined to return to the heater or mixing valve. Finally, there
can be somewhat troublesome for both chemical drainage sys- are the medical gases. Code requires distribution for patient
tems in general and high-rise buildings in particular. They have uses to be horizontal, on each floor, with zone valve boxes and
a narrower list of chemicals that they resist well, and they are area alarm panels. These distribution systems must be fed from
more fragile as well as susceptible to failure by flame exposure. sources that are usually remote, thus requiring another set of
Plastics also may cause smoke-generation issues that must be supply risers.
addressed to protect life safety. Resolution of these installations An Example
may vary by location and authority having jurisdiction. Regard- A particular new hospital has a number of additional plumb-
less of the material and approval received, chemical, acid, and ing design opportunities beyond those associated with high-
laboratory drainage and vent systems must be separate from the rise construction. First, this project is an infill project, con-
domestic drain and vent systems used throughout the building. structed between two wings of an existing high-rise hospital,
In one recently completed high-rise laboratory building, bio- one of which is also involved in a vertical expansion and facil-
logical research labs were on the upper four floor levels. Each of ity upgrade to the ICU floors. A second interesting task was the
these lab spaces was served by an acid- and chemical-resistant relocation of several active drainage systems serving the hospi-
drain and vent system, separate from the domestic drain and tal and exiting through this projects site, which include primary
vent systems, that extended to connect to a monitoring station and secondary storm drainage, sanitary drainage, relocation of
at the junction with the building sewer. In this case, glass piping the grease waste drainage from a significant food preparation
was selected, offering the benefits and longevity of that mate- area, installation of a new passive-type interceptor, relocation
rial. On the highest level, a biosafety containment facility was of acid-resistant drainage from a major laboratory function, and
added for critical research in a fully secure environment. Even installation of a new acid neutralization basin. The new inter-
though this floor used products and materials identical to the ceptor and neutralization basin and outfalls are located in the
adjacent lower floors, the piping circuits were segregated and private perimeter roadway that surrounds the building.
protected from potential discharge to the environment until Another area of coordination with the underground sys-
passing through a sterilization facility. Even the vents were fil- tems is the addition of a new branch from the central utilities
tered to prevent uncontrolled discharge to the environment. This on campus, designed and installed as a separate contract by
containment facility also housed a small population of research
MAY/JUNE 2007 Plumbing Systems & Design 35
COVER FEATURE: High-rise Plumbing Design
a separate engineering and contracting team. This included need for designers and engineers to be familiar with the work
high-pressure steam and condensate, chilled water supply of their peers in other trades. This allows for a certain amount of
and return, emergency power duct bank, primary high-voltage anticipation between trades, which should be beneficial to the
power supply, telephone, and fiber optic. All of these modifica- overall project.
tions were required to be completed before the first-floor slab In summary, I have quickly reviewed the process of high-rise
was poured. plumbing design, particularly focusing on pressure control and
Even after the underground adventures were covered, the the impact of piping systems on the general construction of the
building continued to present creative opportunities to the building. You can see that although many solutions are routine
design team. The slab spacings were determined to copy those and similar in application, each approach has trade-offs that
in the existing hospital, which were very short intervals. This led must be identified, evaluated, and committed to on each unique
to an approach that is commonly used for hotel-type construc- project. This understanding supports the notion that good engi-
tion, using multiple vertical risers placed in the toilet chases neering is thoughtful and proactive and that good engineers are
to serve multiple floors. Of course, this approach was required open to frank discussion and understanding pertaining to their
to be modified because of the irregular stacking of like fixture own trade work, as well as that of other trades that are involved
groups from floor to floor and the relatively large floor plates in the building.
(varying between 22,000 and 24,000 square feet per floor). Addi- In design and construction, all high-rise buildings are sig-
tional complexity was provided by the modern HVAC require- nificant undertakings for everyone involved. All buildings are
ments for medical facilities and the impact of ceiling plenums, unique in form and specific design solutions. It takes a collab-
high-density communication and data systems, and high ceiling orative effort and a determined outlook to achieve success in
elevations for more spacious aesthetics on typical patient care high-rise design and construction. Good high-rise plumbing
floors. Interspersed throughout the building are specialty areas, design makes even the tallest of structures more comfortable
such as isolation rooms, patient preparation, patient step-down and safer for all building occupants, and good engineering and
recovery, and ADA-accessible patient rooms. design practices and experiences turn the most daunting high-
The ultimate solution for the project was a combined system rise design into a matter of scale.
using large, centrally spaced main waste and main vent stacks In the final analysis, I believe the answer to the question is yes.
that allowed each smaller fixture riser to extend to the main It is all the sameall high-rise buildings are such complex organ-
stacks individually or as a building drain. The riser diagram that isms that they require close scrutiny and evaluation to maximize
resulted has a distinctive fan- or brush-shaped outline where all the projects potential for the owner and to create a design that is
piping funnels together into the main stack. In the final configu- robust enough to serve the needs of the building for years to come
ration, this building ended with three main soil, waste, and vent and still provide for affordable construction.
stacks, two main rainwater stacks, one main water supply riser,
and one main medical gas riser.
Its All the Same, Right?
As this discussion illustrates, modern high-rise design is often
a series of design concepts that must be tested through analy-
sis and coordination and then adjusted during the coordina-
tion period to maximize flexibility and constructability. This
exercise is critical for all building trades but especially so for
plumbing systems, for which piping must be accurately placed
or accounted for in the early construction phases, while the fix-
ture mounting and finishing connections are made much later
after the piping systems are concealed. It also highlights the Dennis M. Connelly, CPD, joined Newcomb & Boyd
Consultants and Engineers, an Atlanta-based consulting
firm, in 1985. He is currently a Senior Associate with
the Consulting Engineering Group. During this time, he
has had plumbing engineering responsibilities on over
400 projects. He is a member of the American Society of
Plumbing Engineers. For more information or to comment on
this article, e-mail articles@psdmagazine.org.
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THE WORLD of DESIGN/BUILD
By Michael E. Smith, CPD
convention AND
Michael E. Smith, CPD, is a plumbing/piping
designer/draftsman for Southern Air Inc., a design/build-MEP
firm in Lynchburg, Va. His work in the construction trades
Engineered Plumbing Exposition
includes surveying, carpentry, masonry, concrete, and drywall
mechanic/finisher/foreman. To comment on this article or for
more information, e-mail articles@psdmagazine.org.
NOVEMBER 24
Jim Beveridge, P. Eng., LEED AP, is a senior
associate and the plumbing and fire suppression discipline
leader for Stantec Consulting Ltd. in Vancouver, British
Columbia. He is a member of ASPE (past president of the
British Columbia Chapter), the Association of Professional
Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia, ASHRAE,
and SFPE. For more information or to comment on this
article, e-mail articles@psdmagazine.org.
www.ASPE.org
the drawings (NFPA 13 Section 22.1.3). However, many contrac- ted. This resulted in a hanger spacing of approximately 19.5 feet.
tors act surprised when comments are issued with a request for Fortunately, the failure occurred when the building was unoc-
hangers to be shown on the drawings. cupied, so no one was injured or killed.
Contractors in many cases choose to begin installation Support methods also must be shown on drawings to avoid
of sprinkler systems before their shop drawings have been installation problems. For example, rods are meant to have ten-
approved. In doing so, they are at their own risk. The addition sile loading and sometimes are installed incorrectly when the
of hangers on the shop drawings does require additional time loading is in compression. Figure 3 shows the improper use of all
and thinking, which apparently are of significant impact during thread rods to support a sprinkler main. If the hanger arrange-
the time crunch to get these documents finished. When hanger ment had been shown on the drawing, this issue likely would
locations are not provided on the drawings, pipe fitters in the have been discovered during a drawing review rather than in
field are required to make judgments about where to locate the the field during installation.
hangers. This may not be a problem with experienced pipe fit- Keep these issues in mind and try to use good practice in your
ters, but it may be a problem with novice pipe fitters. designs and installations.
Relying on pipe fitters to determine the location and type of
hangers is problematic for many reasons. In one case, the fail-
ure to properly locate hangers contributed to the failure of a 12-
inch supply main, which caused significant building damage. In Mark Hopkins, PE, is a Senior Fire Protection
Engineer with Hughes Associates Inc. and a member
that particular case, hangers were omitted because a large duct of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers. For more
crossed the location of the main as shown in Figure 2. Rather information or to comment on this article, e-mail
than add trapeze hangers to compensate for the duct above the articles@psdmagazine.org.
sprinkler main as required by NFPA 13, the hangers were omit-
PRV
50 Plumbing Systems & Design MAY/JUNE 2007 PSDMAGAZINE.ORG
March through September are ASPE
Member-Get-A-Member
Months
Each member who sponsors a new
member (see rules for eligibility)
into the Society will receive an ASPE
Member-Get-A-Member Discount
Coupon good for a 10% reduction on
any ASPE product or service including
the Societys membership dues and the
2007 Technical Symposium. You may
put coupons together for redemption:
Each coupon you get will be good for a
10% discountthe coupons are addi-
tive. Get eight (8) new members and
eight (8) ASPE Membership Discount
Coupons and you will have the special
opportunity to receive a complimentary
membership for a year (a 20% savings on
your next membership renewal.
March through September have been chosen by The coupons are additive. That is, you may use
the ASPE Membership Committee as member- as many coupons as you get for either of the re-
get-a-member months, the kickoff for a major demption discounts. Get five (5) coupons and
chapter-by-chapter membership campaign. The you will be eligible for a 50% reduction toward
Membership Committee is going all out to entice your next membership renewal or toward the
ASPE members to go out and find and sponsor 2007 Technical Symposium registration fee.
new members to the Society. (Be sure to place (See all of the rules and regulations regarding
your sponsors name and membership number the earning and redeeming of ASPE Member-
on the ASPE membership application form.) Get-A-Member Discount Coupons on the back
ASPE Discount Coupons page.)
Starting in March 2007, each member who ASPE Member-Get-A-Member Discount Cou-
sponsors a new member into the Society will pons will be sent to sponsors of new members
receive an ASPE Discount Coupon. Each cou- from March 2007 through September 2007.
pon will be good for up to a 10% reduction on The ASPE Member-Get-A-Member Discount
any ASPE product or service including on your Coupons can be redeemed up until November
next membership 1, 2007, for a discount for the 2007 Technical
dues renewal or a Symposium, or they must all be used at your next
10% discount toward membership renewal anniversary date immedi-
the 2007 Technical ately following the receipt of the coupon but in
Symposium registra- no event later than one year from April 1, 2007.
tion fee.
CONTINUING EDUCATION: Private Sewage Disposal Systems
PSD 139
CE QuestionsPrivate Sewage Disposal Systems (PSD 139)
1. The retention period of sewage in a septic tank should 7. The absorption area to be provided for an individual
be _________. residence containing three bedrooms with a percolation
a. 12 hours, b. 24 hours, c. 36 hours, d. 48 hours rate of three minutes is recommended to be _________.
2. The first step in the design of a subsurface soil a. 100 square feet
absorption sewage disposal system is _________. b. 200 square feet
a. ascertain the code requirements c. 300 square feet
b. determine the area required for the disposal field d. 600 square feet
c. determine whether the soil is suitable for the 8. A covered pit with an open-jointed or perforated lining
absorption of the septic effluent into which raw sewage is discharged is called a ________.
d. calculate the fixture unit load to be served a. septic tank
3. The recommended septic tank capacity for a five- b. cesspool
bedroom home is _________. c. seepage pit
a. 750, b. 900, c. 1,000, d. 1,250 d. none of the above
4. The minimum distance between a cesspool and a water 9. The drain lines for distributing the effluent from the
supply line, as noted in Table 7, is _________. septic tank should be spaced no grater than _________
a. 100 feet apart.
b. 20 feet a. 3 feet, b. 6 feet, c. 9 feet, d. a and b
c. 15 feet 10. The quantity of sewage flow from a single-family
d. not recommended as a substitute for a septic tank dwelling per person is _________ gallons per day.
5. What approximate percentage of new home a. 50
construction employs a septic tank/soil absorption b. 75
sewage disposal system? c. 100
a. 15 percent d. 125
b. 20 percent 11. The primary purpose of a septic tank is to _________.
c. 25 percent a. distribute raw sewage to the leaching field
d. 30 percent b. chemically treat raw sewage
6. Distribution boxes _________. c. vent odors to atmosphere
a. are required by many codes d. act as a settling tank
b. should be used only when specifically required by code 12. Sewage pit connecting piping _________.
c. offer practically no advantages a. should be laid at a minimum grade of 2 percent
d. all of the above b. must be 6 inches in diameter minimum
c. must be a least 5 feet deep
d. none of the above
Please print or type; this information will be used to process your credits.
Name _ __________________________________________________________________________________________________
Title _______________________________________________ ASPE Membership No.____________________________________
Organization _ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Billing Address ____________________________________________________________________________________________
City_ _______________________________________ State/Province________________________ Zip _ ____________________
Country____________________________________________ E-mail_________________________________________________
Daytime telephone_ _________________________________ Fax___________________________________________________
When the ASPE certification program was created Dont worry about the April 1 deadline. The reason
more than 20 years ago, the designation provided to I included April 1 as the deadline was to encour-
those who were certified was CIPE, which stands for age people to act immediately. If I said you had
Certified in Plumbing Engineering. About seven years six months, the letter would have disappeared on
ago, the certification designation changed to CPD, or your desk and have been forgotten. If you have not
Certified in Plumbing Design. Along with the name responded, do so as soon as possible. You will not
change was a requirement for maintaining the certifi- be penalized. However, after October 1, you will
cation with continuing education. A total of 24 hours not be able to make the change.
of continuing education is required every two years to Im retireddo I still need to have continuing
maintain the CPD certification. education?
When the switch to CPD was made, those holding No, you dont, if you are completely retired and
the CIPE designation were granted the opportunity not working part time. This is explained in the
to switch their designation to CPD. Those making recertification brochure that can be downloaded
the switch were required to maintain their certifica- from the ASPE website, www.aspe.org.
tion with continuing education. For some time, many
A number of individuals were upset, thinking that
individuals used the designation CIPE/CPD. How-
ASPE is taking something away or changing the rules
ever, the concept was to be either a CIPE or a CPD.
midstream. First, ASPE is not taking anything away.
As ASPE has striven to gain greater recognition of
An individual who is certified remains certified. Only
the CPD, the term CIPE has gotten in the way. We
the designation after your name changes from CIPE
were asked, What is the difference between CIPE and
to CPD.
CPD? The answer to that question is rather simple
As for changing the rules, my best response is to
and straightforward. Those holding the CIPE desig-
share what happened to me. In 1979, I took the Pro-
nation took a certification exam and passed prior to
fessional Engineering exam at McCormick Place in
2000. Those holding a CPD designation took the same
Chicago. The State of Illinois issued me a Professional
certification exam and passed, plus they maintain
Engineering license. At the time, all I had to do was
their certification by obtaining 24 hours of continuing
pay my re-registration fee every two years, and I could
education every two years.
remain a Professional Engineer for the rest of my life,
So, when you answer the question, what looks
assuming I followed all the rules and regulations.
better? Of course, a CPD looks better as a designation.
About six years ago, the State of Illinois sent me a
In todays world, continuing education has become
letter saying that the rules had changed. Now, if I want
an important part of any viable certification program.
to remain a PE, I need to take 30 hours of continuing
The ASPE board voted in January to do away with
education every two years. If I dont maintain my con-
the CIPE designation. Every CIPE, whose address
tinuing education, I will lose my PE license.
ASPE had in its files, received a letter explaining the
Of the six states in which I am a registered PE, two
change. Everyone was given until April 1 to return a
of them mandate 30 hours of continuing education
signed letter indicating their intention to change from
every two years. Two are discussing a change in the
CIPE to CPD. On April 1, 2007, the CIPE designa-
law. The other two states have to be paying attention
tion was eliminated from ASPEs files. Everyone who
to what is happening throughout the country.
switched to CPD soon will receive a CPD certificate
ASPE took the course of action to strengthen its cer-
showing an expiration date of March 30, 2009. ASPE
tification program. Like many states, we have imple-
no longer will permit the term CIPE to be used.
mented mandatory continuing education. For me,
I have received numerous telephone calls and e-
it is easy to justify. I think back to 1979 when I took
mails regarding this change. Let me answer a few of
my PE exam. The way we designed plumbing systems
the most frequent questions.
in 1979 is not the way we design them today. Many
If I did not receive the letter, am I still entitled to changes have occurred. How do you keep up with
the switch in designation? these changes? You do so through continuing educa-
Yes, anyone with the CIPE designation merely tion, of course.
has to send a letter to the ASPE office indicating I think you will agree that this change to the certi-
his desire to change his designation to CPD. It is fication program helps strengthen the CPD and gain
best to indicate the year you took the test, if you the recognition that is deserved for all plumbing engi-
remember. neers and designers.
What if I missed the April 1 deadline?
AsPe
2007 Technical Symposium
Symposium: An Investment
l The ideas that can be brought back and implemented result
in savings worth many times the cost of attending.
l Networking opportunities are impressive and unparalleled
plumbing engineering power and expertise.
l The technical and professional development workshops and
collegial interaction create an extraordinary educational envi-
ronment and opportunity.
l Every technical and professional development workshop pro-
vides CEUs.
Symposium at a Glance
Thursday daily schedule
1:00 pm to 8:00 pm asPe registration
5:00 pm to 8:00 pm TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM PrOdUCT SHOw
Friday daily schedule Program Sessions by Track
asPe registration Green Building Special Systems / Advanced Fire
7:30 am to 5:00 pm asPe Pavilion/Book Plumbing 101
store Systems Emerging Technologies Technologies Protection
9:00 am to 10:30 am
Overview of leed commercial Kitchen investigation of seismic design and
15-minute Break * Water heater sizing (Plumbing engineers design Plumbing Failures and New 2007 revisions
Portion of Process) lessons learned
10:45 am to 12:15 pm
* 15-minute breaks to occur halfway through all
Notice:the program sessions that are shown on this page are intended for illustrative purposes only. All program sessions are subject to change including changes in times and dates. Not all sessions
or events may be listed. the final Symposium programs, events and speakers will only be listed in the on-site program book available during registration.
This is the preliminary program for the 2007 ASPE Technical Symposium.
Program times and session contents and speakers are all subject to change. TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM
The articles and program summaries published in this preliminary program
promotion are intended to provide an information service and absolutely do THE PREMIER
imply and express an endorsement, commendation and recommendation that
American Society of Plumbing Engineers the reader attends this years Technical Symposium. EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL
8614 W. Catalpa Ave., Suite 1007
Chicago, IL 60656
DEVELOPMENT FORUM FOR
(773) 693-2773 Fax: (773) 695-9007 Copyright 2007, American Society of Plumbing Engineers PLUMBING ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
E-Mail: aspehq@aspe.org Internet: www.aspe.org
#2
ASPE MEMBERSHIP BENEFIT Unparalleled Learning Opportunity
ASPEs Technical Symposium provides a unique forum
for workshops that provide the plumbing engineer
with information about new developments in
the industry and new techniques for practical
implementation in the field. ASPEs 21st Annu-
al Technical Symposium takes place November
24, 2007, in Atlanta, Georgia.
1:00 pm to 8:00 pm Plastic Pipe and Fittings for Industrial and Commer- Bob Boulware, P.E.
cial Buildings A discussion on rainwater harvesting, composting toilets, and the
ASPE Registration application of green fields for gray water disposal.
ASPE Pavilion/Book Store (May be David Chasis and/or Michael Cudahy As the frontiers of civilization expand beyond available utilities,
opened at 3:00 pm) This program will enhance the skills of the professional plumbing what do you do for that remote cabin in the woods or the island
engineer/designer by describing engineering data and practices hotel in the Caribbean? If the well is running dry, and the livestock
6:00 pm to 9:00 pm specific to industrial, chemical and other applications of plastic still need watering, will rainwater help supplement the demand? If
pipe. I want to use rainwater to water landscaping for LEED credits, what
This program will describe engineering design, joining, product do I need to know about designing such a system? This seminar will
TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM availability, applications and selection of TIPS. provide solutions to these dilemmas.
PRODUCT SHOW Attendees employers and their engineers will benefit by having Medical Gases
the most up to date information regarding thermoplastic piping
systems like CPVC, PVDF, PP, PE and PVC in multiple applications. Mark Allen
This will be an intermediate level class. Swimming Pool Design
Friday Daily Schedule Handouts will be incorporated into the seminar/workshop for
Terry LeBeau, CPD
November 2, 2007 attendees to refer to and to attempt to answer challenges.
This presentation will cover topics such as related codes and stan-
7:30 am to 5:00 pm High-Rise Systems dards (ex. NSF Standard 50). Common plumbing components, circu-
lation system components, heating systems, and water chemistry
ASPE Registration Dan Fagan, CPD, P.E.
control systems will be detailed. Accepted standards for sizing and
ASPE Pavilion/Book Store NFPA 13 - Review of New 2007 Revisions associated velocities of piping, main drain grates, and filtration
products will be discussed.
9:00 am to 12:15 pm John Mertens, P.E.
Different types of pools will be addressed. Special considerations
The changes to the 2007 edition of NFPA 13 will be presented along specific to each type will be outlined.
How to Start a Project (Gathering Information, with a review of the major subjects and organization of the stan-
Plumbing Codes, Terminology, and Symbology) dard. An overview of the design method and application of this The most common types of filtration systems will be compared. Pros
sprinkler design standard will be integrated with information for and cons of each will be offered for analysis, The effect of the differ-
Joe Smaul, P.E. ent products on equipment room size, waste piping sizing, ejector
those experienced or new to the subject. Subjects included will be
Contact Code Official to verify which code has been adopted and occupancy issues, design setup, water supplies, equipment, obstruc- system sizing, water quality, wasted resources (heat, water), and
is enforced. Inquire if there are any amendments to the code. tions, and hydraulics. ease of operation, will all be covered.
Obtain where municipal sewer and storm water mains are lo- If time allows, types of heating systems and chemical feed sys-
cated. Solar Water Heating tems will also be included. In addition, more technically advanced
Obtain location and pressure of municipal domestic water main. Jeff Ross-Bain, P.E., LEED discussions of the use of variable-frequency drives on pool circula-
tion pumps could be included. The special considerations necessary
Obtain information concerning natural gas. Solar energy has been used to heat water for ages and is currently when implementing these devices on swimming pool systems are
Review architectural drawings. getting a lot of attention as industry responds to the need to provide important topics.
Prepare drainage fixture load calculation. energy efficient systems. Often overlooked, solar thermal systems
are a proven way to provide for most of the hot water needs for NFPA 14 - Standpipes, NFPA 20 - Fire Pumps, and NFPA
Prepare domestic water load calculation. buildings and can also provide an economical introduction to solar 11, 24, and 25
Determine the distance of the furthest plumbing fixture or sani- energy systems. Solar thermal systems can be used in residential,
tary stack from the municipal sewer. commercial, and industrial applications. The LEED Green Building Jim Peterkin, P.E.
Determine if the building sewer main connection to the munici- Rating System now recognizes solar thermal as a bona fide renew-
pal sewer is above the center line of the municipal sewer. If not, able energy system. Saturday Daily Schedule
has space been allocated for a sewage ejection system? The intent of this session is to introduce the various types of systems November 3, 2007
available and describe the best applications for those systems. Ad-
Review domestic water load calculation to determine if a domes-
ditionally, the course will introduce the system rating program de-
8:00 am to 5:00 pm
tic water booster system is required.
If domestic water booster pump is required, has space been al- veloped by the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC), a ASPE Registration
located? nonprofit organization whose primary purpose is the development ASPE Pavilion/Book Store
and implementation of certification programs and national rating
If natural gas is available, has the meter location been deter-
mined?
standards for solar energy equipment. The rating system is a means 9:00 am to 12:15 pm
for determining the relative performance of various system configu-
If domestic gas fired water heaters are to be used, are the units rations. Hot and Cold Water Design
located in a room into which combustion air can be ducted? The session will also discuss the design and installation guidelines Harold Olsen, P.E.
Review toilet room layout. If water closets are wall hung, are the developed by the SRCC and contained in their document OG-300. This course is intended to help train the new plumbing or process
partitions large enough to accommodate chair carriers? These guidelines describe individual component requirements for piping designer, and to provide a review and update for other. The
In multi-story buildings, are partitions available to receive sani- solar hot water systems and provide a good basis for confirming that most recent design considerations will be discussed.
tary stacks, vents, and rainwater conductors? important design and installation issues are covered. Additional ref-
erences to be introduced include the solar hot water system design The first part of the course will be a discussion of piping materials,
During this preliminary design should you discover any changes
guides developed by ASPE and ASHRAE. piping accessories, piping theory, etc. The second part of the course
to the architectural documents, you must contact the architect
will be to design the water piping systems for a 3-story office build-
immediately. DO NOT WAIT UNTIL YOUR DESIGN IS 12:30 pm to 2:00 pm ing with a kitchen/cafeteria interactive with the instructor.
COMPLETED.
A discussion will take place after each one of the above items is Lunch in Ballroom A Learning Objectives:
identified. Awards, Prize Drawing Students will learn where to start
We will also discuss JUST A FEW MEP ITEMS THAT IMPACT Will go away with knowledge of piping materials
A PROJECT. 2:15 pm to 5:30 pm Will understand what piping accessories are available
Soil, Waste, and Vent Design Will understand how to size pipe per code
Peter Kraut, CPD, P.E. Sustainable LEED Concepts and Design - Enhancing the
Off-grid Plumbing Design Plumbing Engineers Understanding (Part 1)
Badge Nickname: (e.g., Dave, Bob, Mar, Sue, Doc, Smiley, etc.): |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|
Name: |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__| |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| q P.E q CPD
First Name M.I. Last Name
Check One: q Engineer/Designer; q Architect; q Contractor; q Manufacturer/Rep; q Wholesaler; q CodeOfficial; q Press; q Educator; q Other:__________
Organization: |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|
Title: |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|
Billing Address: |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|
City: |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| State/Province:|__|__| Zip: |__|__|__|__|__||__|__|__|__|
Country: |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| Postal Code: |__|__|__|__|__|__| Fax Number: |__|__|__||__|__|__||__|__|__|__|
Daytime Phone Number: |__|__|__||__|__|__||__|__|__|__| E-mail Address:
IsthisyourfirstSymposium? q YES q NO
Registration Fees: Continuing Education:
All full registrations include: attendance at the program sessions of your choice (except extra fee sessions); access
All Technical Symposium Workshops offer CEUs (Continuing Education Units) and PDHs (Professional Development
to the Hospitality Lounge; Certificate of Participation; and CEUs/PDHs (participation subject to requirements and
Hours), both nationally recognized units of achievement that may be used as evidence of increased performance
confirmed attendence at technical sessions).
capabilities and for job advancement. ASPE CEUs and PDHs are also valid for PE registration and licensing in all
Fee Fee
Paid byPaid After Total states requiring licensing or registration that do not require prior approval. (States that have PE registration CEU
No. Sept 30 Sept 30 Fee requirements and/or other licensing requirements and which only require individual responsibility for reporting
Member (of ASPE or other organizations shown above, the CEUs/PDHs include: Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri,
you must supply your membership number for discount): Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina,
Full Registration 01
_____ $ 395 $ 475 $______ South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming.) (States requiring prior approval include:
One Day Reg Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, New York, North Carolina.)
Friday: 11/2 03
_____ $ 235 $ 265 $______
Saturday: 11/3 03
_____ $ 235 $ 265 $______
Sunday: 11/4 03
_____ $ 160 $ 190 $______
NonMember: Payment:
Full Registration with 1-year ASPE Membership (a completed application must be included q Personal Check $ __________
with registration) q Business or Government Check $ __________
05
_____ $ 545 $ 625 $______
Full Registration without ASPE Membership q Credit Card:
08
_____ $ 595 $ 675 $______ q VISA q MasterCard q AMEX q Discover $ __________
Non-Member One Day Reg ASPE is hereby authorized to charge my Convention Registration Fees to my credit card.
Friday: 11/2 03
_____ $ 275 $ 315 $______ Name: (as it appears on card) _______________________________________
Saturday: 11/3 03
_____ $ 275 $ 315 $______
Sunday: 11/4 03
_____ $ 200 $ 230 $______ Card #: |___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|
Its that time of the year: the ASPE board of direc- provide a special ASPE-sponsored tabletop exhibition.
tors April meeting. During this very important meet- Booth space will be restricted to those companies that
ing, the board finalized the 20072008 budget, which have provided a sponsorship to the Symposium. The
affects many programs for the coming year. ASPE exhibition, if it occurs, will be held Thursday,
Dues. Dues are the No. 1 issue for virtually all ASPE November 1, from 69 p.m. and will include Coney
members. The current dues were last changed two Island refreshments (franks, brats, and burgers). It
years ago, but due to inflation, our costs and expenses will continue as the staging area for Fridays continen-
have risen each year. Thus, the board has approved tal breakfast from 78:45 a.m. Stay tuned and watch
a dues increase to $185 (a 5.7 percent increase over this magazine for Symposium updates.
two years, or 2.85 percent a year) for full members. Sponsorships. While were on the subject, the
Associate members dues will remain $175; retired Symposium Sponsorship Program has been a fan-
members dues will remain $35; and student dues tastic success. With an initial goal of $95,000, the cur-
will remain $25. Although the board believes a higher rent sponsorship program accounts for more than
increase is warranted, it also understands the reality $125,000, and the board has re-established the goal at
of members abilities to absorb dues increases. $165,000. A special thank you to all that have provided
Members should remember that with each autho- a sponsorship and especially to those chapters that
rized dues increase, the portion paid as a dues rebate are forgiving past dues rebates to become sponsors.
to each chapter automatically increases. For the $10 Sponsors to date include Alabama Chapter, Arm-
dues increase, chapters will receive 20 cents of each strong, Atlanta Chapter, Bradford White, Bradley, Cen-
dollar collected while the Society will receive 80 cents tral Florida Chapter, Central Ohio Chapter, Charlotte
of each dollar. Pipe, Delta Faucet, Gastite Division, George Fischer
Technical Symposium. The 2007 ASPE Technical Piping Systems, Gerber Plumbing Fixtures, Green-
Symposium is November 24 at the Atlanta Hilton ville Chapter, Grundfos Pumps, IAPMO, Jay R. Smith,
Airport Hotel. The registration form and hotel infor- MIFAB, Moen, Patterson Pump, Plumbing Contrac-
mation can be found in this magazine. The Sympo- tors of America, Sioux Chief, Studor, Symmons Indus-
sium has shaped up to be one of the most impressive tries, SyncroFlo, T-Drill, Viega, Willoughby Industries,
ever from an education standpoint. Every effort has and Zurn Plumbing Products Group. (My apologies
been made to keep Symposium costs reasonable, to those that did not make it onto this list in time for
including a hotel rate of $101 for a single room and publication.)
$111 for a double with a 14 percent tax. For those driv- CPD Examination. Well, its done. The first-ever
ing, parking at the hotel will be complementary. Con- online CPD Examination was conducted on April 21.
tinental breakfasts will be offered each morning, and Final results were sent about a week later. A psycho-
complimentary lunches will be provided on Friday metrician examined all exam results to ensure that
and Saturday. the questions and answers were consistent with past
Win a Laptop. This year, four Toshiba laptops will exams. All those who passed the exam will be listed in
be given away at the Symposium. The rules are in the the next issue of PS&D.
Symposium brochure with this magazine. The odds of 2008 Convention. Its never too early to begin talk-
winning are about one in 400, and an individual can ing about the next ASPE Convention and EPE, which
only win once. The laptops will be given away at the will be held October 2529, 2008, in Long Beach, Cali-
Friday and Saturday lunches. All attendees who have fornia. The event is already shaping up to be one spec-
paid for the full 2-day event will find prize-draw- tacular event for attendees. In case you missed out,
ing tickets for both days in the Symposium packet in 2006 the Grand Prize winner drove away in a new
that they receive at registration. It is each attendees Pontiac Solstice. For 2008, picture yourself in a brand-
responsibility to ensure that their name is properly new Saturn Sky or similar sports car (actual giveaway
spelled on the ticket and to deposit the proper ticket vehicle has not yet been determined). Perhaps youve
into the prize-drawing box on the proper day. (Sorry, heard about the thousands of prizes attendees took
single-day attendees, ASPE board members and staff, home with themeverything from laptops and MP3
and complimentary attendees are not eligible.) players to televisions and grandfather clocks. For 2008,
Product Show. As this report is written, the Atlanta once again every attendee will be a winner. Watch for
Chapter has not decided whether it will pair its prod- details about the new, exciting EXPO-OPOLY game
uct show with the Symposium. In the event it doesnt, only at the ASPE EPE.
as part of the sponsorship program the Society will
New Interim Chapter. The Puerto Rico members of ASPE two CPD Examinations; three practice CPD exams; a second,
have officially begun the process of creating a chapter. At a entry-level CPD designation and examination to be created by
meeting in February, the members agreed that a chapter was the Certification Committee; new online plumbing industry
needed and voted in an interim board of directors. We expect and professional news; and the first ASPE tabletop exhibition to
to see a representative of the forthcoming chapter at the June possibly be unveiled at the Technical Symposium.
Region 1 Chapter Presidents Meeting. Region Chapter Officers Meetings. The June Region Chap-
20072008 ASPE Budget. The budget is essentially a break- ter Presidents Meetings will occur in the first two weeks of
even budget with an approximate $400 surplus. Remember, this June. Meeting dates and locations follow: Region 1, June 12 in
is a non-convention year, and the Societys revenues are reduced Ottawa, Canada (ASPE executive director will attend this meet-
for the fiscal year. Some budget highlights include a $10 dues ing); Region 2, June 89 in Cleveland, Ohio (ASPE executive
increase; two new publications; increases in online education; a director will attend this meeting); Region 3, June 12 in Miami,
new education manager on the ASPE staff; hardbound Plumb- Florida (ASPE president will attend this meeting); Region 4, June
ing Engineering Design Handbooks; PS&D magazine published 89 in Salt Lake City, Utah; and Region 5, June 89 in Rosemont,
in 10 issues rather than six; ASPE Career Center enhancements; Illinois (ASPE president will attend this meeting).
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design &
product 202 Industrial Park Lane, P.O. Box 220,
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information
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or visit TEL: 310-898-3300 WATS: 800-421-2677
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