Bibelübersetzungen

*RWWHV:RUW
RGHU0HQVFKHQZRUW"

=XUJHLVWOLFKHQ%HXUWHLOXQJ
GHUPRGHUQHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ

5XGROI(EHUWVKlXVHU

(65$6FKULIWHQGLHQVW

%HVWHOODQVFKULIW

(65$6FKULIWHQGLHQVW
3RVWIDFK
'/HRQEHUJ

%HVWHOOXQJHQXQG9HUWULHEIUGLH6FKZHL]

3DWULFN7VFKXL
+HXZHLGOLVWU
&++LQZLO
7HO)D[

,PSUHVVXP

5XGROI(EHUWVKlXVHU
$XIODJH1RYHPEHU
'DVXQJHNU]WH)RWRNRSLHUHQGLHVHV7H[WHVLVWDXVGUFNOLFKHUODXEW
$OOH6FKULIW]LWDWHQDFKGHUUHYLGLHUWHQ6FKODFKWHU%LEHO
IDOOVQLFKWDQGHUVDQJHJHEHQ

+LQZHLV

(UJlQ]HQG]XP7KHPDGHUYRUOLHJHQGHQ6FKULIWLVWLP(65$6FKULIWHQGLHQVW
HLQH$EKDQGOXQJGHVVHOEHQ9HUIDVVHUVEHUGHQEHUOLHIHUWHQJULHFKLVFKHQ
7H[WGHV1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWVXQGGLHPRGHUQH7H[WNULWLNHUVFKLHQHQ

'HU EHUOLHIHUWH 7H[W GHV 1HXHQ 7HVWDPHQWV XQG GLH KHXWLJHQ %LEHOEHU
VHW]XQJHQ>6$@
'LH PHLVWHQ KHXWLJHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ EHUXKHQ LP 17 DXI HLQHP JULHFKL
VFKHQ*UXQGWH[WGHUVLFKDXVQXUVHKUZHQLJHQDOWHQlJ\SWLVFKHQ+DQGVFKULI
WHQ DEOHLWHW 'LHVHU ZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKWH[WNULWLVFKH 1HVWOH$ODQG7H[W ZLUG LQ
GLHVHU 6FKULIW GHP EHUOLHIHUWHQ JULHFKLVFKHQ *UXQGWH[W GHU 5HIRUPDWLRQ GHP
7H[WXV 5HFHSWXV JHJHQEHUJHVWHOOW 'HU 7H[WXV 5HFHSWXV ZDU GUHLHLQKDOE
-DKUKXQGHUWHODQJGHUZHOWZHLWDQHUNDQQWH7H[WDOOHUHYDQJHOLVFKHQ*OlXELJHQ
XQG OLHJW VRZRKO GHU DOWHQ /XWKHUELEHO ZLH DXFK GHU .LQJ-DPHV%LEHO GHU
'LRGDWL%LEHOXD]XJUXQGH'LHVH6FKULIW]HLJWDXIZHVKDOEZLULKQDXFKKHXWH
QRFKDOV]XYHUOlVVLJHQ*UXQGWH[WGHV17DQQHKPHQN|QQHQ

:HLWHUHDXINOlUHQGH6FKULIWHQ
LQVEHVRQGHUHEHUGLH3ILQJVWXQG&KDULVPDWLVFKH%HZHJXQJ
N|QQHQEHLP(65$6FKULIWHQGLHQVWEH]RJHQZHUGHQ

%LWWHIRUGHUQ6LHXQVHU6FKULIWHQYHU]HLFKQLVDQ

(LQH DXVIKUOLFKHUH $EKDQGOXQJ GHV 9HUIDVVHUV EHU GLH PR
GHUQHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQVROOVR*RWWZLOOLP+HUEVWLP
%HWDQLHQ9HUODJ 3RVWIDFK ' 2HUOLQJKDXVHQ HU
VFKHLQHQ

=XGLHVHU%URVFKUH

'LHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQLQ KHXWLJHP'HXWVFKZHUGHQLPPHU
EHOLHEWHU6LHEH]HLFKQHQVLFKDOVXUWH[WJHWUHXXQGEHDQVSUXFKHQEHV
VHU YHUVWlQGOLFK ]X VHLQ DOV GLH KHUN|PPOLFKHQ ZRUWJHWUHXHQ hEHUVHW
]XQJHQ 'LHVH %URVFKUH XQWHUVXFKW DQKDQG HLQHU JDQ]HQ $Q]DKO YRQ
%HLVSLHOHQZLH*XWH1DFKULFKW+RIIQXQJIUDOOH1HXHV/HEHQRGHU
1*hPLWGHQLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWHQGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWXPJHKHQ6LH]HLJW
GLH JHLVWOLFKHQ *HIDKUHQ GLHVHU IUHLHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ GLH GXUFK HLJHQ
PlFKWLJHV +LQ]XIJHQ XQG :HJQHKPHQ YRP %LEHOWH[W GDV :RUW *RWWHV
YHUIlOVFKWZLHGHUJHEHQ 'LH%LODQ]'HU/HVHUEHNRPPW QLFKWPHKU*RW
WHV:RUW]XOHVHQVRQGHUQ0HQVFKHQZRUWH

=XP9HUIDVVHU

5XGROI(EHUWVKlXVHU-DKUJDQJZDUODQJH-DKUH0DU[LVWXQGVXFKWH
VSlWHU LP DOWHUQDWLYHQ /HEHQVVWLO XQG LQ HVRWHULVFKHQ /HKUHQ QDFK GHP
6LQQGHV/HEHQV1DFKVHLQHU%HNHKUXQJLP$OWHUYRQ-DKUHQNDPHU
DOVMXQJHU*OlXELJHULQFKDULVPDWLVFKH.UHLVHXQGDUEHLWHWHHWZD-DKUH
ODQJDNWLYLQHLQHUFKDULVPDWLVFKHQ*HPHLQGHPLWHUIROJWHGLHY|OOL
JH/RVO|VXQJYRQGLHVHU%HZHJXQJHUVFKLHQVHLQ%XFK'LH&KD
ULVPDWLVFKH %HZHJXQJ LP /LFKW GHU %LEHO &/9 %LHOHIHOG 9RQ
DUEHLWHWH HU DQ GHU 5HYLVLRQ GHU 6FKODFKWHU%LEHO PLW 6HLW HLQLJHQ
-DKUHQKlOWHU9RUWUlJHEHUGLH&KDULVPDWLVFKH%HZHJXQJEHUGLH%L
EHO XQG EHU DOOJHPHLQH ELEOLVFKH 7KHPHQ (U VWHKW LP 9HUNQGLJXQJV
XQG+LUWHQGLHQVWLQHLQHUELEHOWUHXHQ*HPHLQGH

(65$6FKULIWHQGLHQVW
3RVWIDFK'/HRQEHUJ

(LQOHLWXQJ
%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQLQKHXWLJHP'HXWVFK
HLQH+LOIH]XP9HUVWlQGQLVYRQ*RWWHV:RUW"

,QGHQOHW]WHQ-DKUHQJHZLQQHQGLHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQLQKHXWLJHU6SUD
FKH LPPHU PHKU DQ (LQIOX DXI GHP FKULVWOLFKHQ %XFKPDUNW DEHU DXFK LP /HEHQ
FKULVWOLFKHU *HPHLQGHQ =XHUVW ZDU HV GLH *XWH 1DFKULFKW DEJHNU]W *1 VSlWHU
NDP GLH +RIIQXQJ IU DOOH +)$ KLQ]X LQ]ZLVFKHQ VLQG PLW 1HXHV /HEHQ 1/
1HXH *HQIHUhEHUVHW]XQJ1*h XQG 1HXH(YDQJHOLVWLVFKHhEHUWUDJXQJ 1(h
GUHLZHLWHUHVROFKHhEHUVHW]XQJHQKHUDXVJHNRPPHQ

'LHVH%LEHODXVJDEHQZHUGHQPLWGHP$UJXPHQWHPSIRKOHQGDVLHDXFKIUMQJH
UH/HVHUXQGDOOJHPHLQIUGHQ0HQVFKHQYRQKHXWHEHVVHUYHUVWlQGOLFKVHLHQDOV
GLHKHUN|PPOLFKHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQZLH/XWKHU(OEHUIHOGHURGHU6FKODFKWHU6LHZHU
GHQDOVXUWH[WQDKEH]HLFKQHWDOV]XYHUOlVVLJH:LHGHUJDEHQGHVELEOLVFKHQ7H[WHV
LQGHQ8UVSUDFKHQ-DVLH WUHWHQVRJDUPLWGHP$QVSUXFKDXIGHQ ,QKDOWGHU%LEHO
EHVVHUZLHGHU]XJHEHQDOVGLHNODVVLVFKHQZRUWJHWUHXHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQ

'LH PRGHUQHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ KDEHQ YRU DOOHP EHL MQJHUHQ &KULVWHQ $QNODQJ
JHIXQGHQ 6LH ZHUGHQ PDQFKPDO HUJlQ]HQG ]X GHQ ZRUWJHWUHXHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ
JHOHVHQ DEHU HV JLEW LPPHU PHKU *OlXELJH GLH IDVW QXU QRFK VROFKH %LEHOQ OHVHQ
$XFK LQ *RWWHVGLHQVWHQ XQG :RUWYHUNQGLJXQJHQ HYDQJHOLNDOHU *HPHLQGHQ LQ
FKULVWOLFKHQ =HLWVFKULIWHQ RGHU 7UDNWDWHQ ZHUGHQ VROFKH hEHUVHW]XQJHQ ]XQHKPHQG
YHUZHQGHW

,VW GLHVH (QWZLFNOXQJ SRVLWLY XQG JHVXQG" .|QQHQ VROFKH %LEHOQ IU JOlXELJH &KUL
VWHQHPSIRKOHQZHUGHQRGHUEHQVLHHLQHQXQJXWHQ(LQIOXDXIGDV*ODXEHQVOHEHQ
DXV"(LJQHQVLHVLFKWDWVlFKOLFKLGHDOIU.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGDUEHLWXQG(YDQJHOLVD
WLRQZLHHVRIWEHKDXSWHWZLUG"6LQGVLH]XPLQGHVWHLQHHPSIHKOHQVZHUWH(UJlQ]XQJ
]XGHQKHUN|PPOLFKHQ%LEHOQ"

,Q GLHVHU 6FKULIW P|FKWH GHU 9HUIDVVHU HLQH JHLVWOLFKH %HXUWHLOXQJ GLHVHU PRGHUQHQ
%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ DXV ELEOLVFKHU 6LFKW JHEHQ GK DXVJHKHQG YRQ GHP ZDV GLH
%LEHOEHUVLFKVHOEVWXQGEHUGHQ8PJDQJ PLWLKUVDJW:HQQ JHVFKULHEHQVWHKW
3UIWDOOHVGDV*XWHEHKDOWHW7KGDQQPXGDVJHUDGHDXFKIUGLH%L
EHOEHUVHW]XQJHQJHOWHQGLHHLQJOlXELJHU&KULVWEHQXW]W

'HU 9HUIDVVHU VHOEVW KDW EHU VLHEHQ -DKUH DQ GHU %HDUEHLWXQJ GHU 6FKODFKWHU
%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ PLWJHZLUNW GLH LQ]ZLVFKHQ DOV 6FKODFKWHU%LEHO 9HUVLRQ HU
VFKLHQHQ LVW XQG KDWWH LQ GLHVHU =HLW *HOHJHQKHLW VLFK DXVJLHELJ PLW GHU )UDJH ]X
EHVFKlIWLJHQ ZLH GLH +HLOLJH 6FKULIW XQWHU JHLVWOLFKHQ *HVLFKWVSXQNWHQ EHUVHW]W
ZHUGHQVROOWH,QVHLQHP8QLYHUVLWlWVVWXGLXPGHU*HUPDQLVWLNXQG$QJOLVWLNZLHDXFK
LQVHLQHU$UEHLWDOV9HUODJVOHNWRUKDWWHHUVLFK]XYRUVFKRQPLWGHP7KHPDhEHUVHW
]XQJ YRQ OLWHUDULVFKHQ XQG QLFKWOLWHUDULVFKHQ 7H[WHQ DXVHLQDQGHUJHVHW]W XQG DXFK
SUDNWLVFKH(UIDKUXQJHQLQGLHVHP%HUHLFKJHVDPPHOW

$'LH+HLOLJH6FKULIW
YRP8UWH[W]XGHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ

'LH%HGHXWXQJGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWIUXQV*OlXELJH

:HQQZLUGDV 7KHPD%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQEHKDQGHOQGDQQVROOWHQ ZLU XQVDOVHU
VWHV QRFK HLQPDO YRU $XJHQ IKUHQ ZLH HQWVFKHLGHQG ZLFKWLJ GLH %LEHO GLH +HLOLJH
6FKULIW HLJHQWOLFK IU XQV JOlXELJH &KULVWHQ LVW +HXW]XWDJH VLQG YLHOH *OlXELJH LQ
*HIDKU GLH +HLOLJNHLW XQG +HUUOLFKNHLW GHV :RUWHV *RWWHV JHULQJ]XVFKlW]HQ XQG
PHQVFKOLFKREHUIOlFKOLFKYRQGHU%LEHO]XGHQNHQ:LUVLQGXQVYLHO]XZHQLJGHVVHQ
EHZXW ZHOFK HLQ :XQGHU GLH %LEHO LQ :DKUKHLW LVW XQG ZDV IU HLQHQ NRVWEDUHQ
6FKDW]VLHIUMHGHV.LQG*RWWHVGDUVWHOOW

:LU VROOWHQ PLW (KUIXUFKW XQG JURHU +RFKDFKWXQJ YRQ GHU +HLOLJHQ 6FKULIW GHQNHQ
XQGUHGHQ:LUVROOWHQVLHJDQ]EHVRQGHUVOLHEHQGHQQVLHLVWGLH%RWVFKDIWXQVHUHV
*RWWHVDQXQV0HQVFKHQRKQHGLHZLUNHLQH5HWWXQJNHLQ/HEHQHPSIDQJHQN|QQ
WHQXQGXQVHU/HEHQDOV*OlXELJHDXFKQLFKWULFKWLJIKUHQN|QQWHQ'DVZLUGXQVLQ
GHQZXQGHUEDUHQ$XVVDJHQGHVXQGGHV3VDOPVJDQ]EHVRQGHUVQDKHJH
EUDFKW:HQQGRUWYRP*HVHW]RGHUGHU:HLVXQJKHEUWKRUDKGHV+(551GLH5H
GHLVWVRJLOWGDVVLQQJHPlIUGLHJDQ]H+HLOLJH6FKULIWGLHIUXQVJ|WWOLFKHV*H
VHW]:HLVXQJXQG/HKUHGHV+HUUQXQVHUHV*RWWHVLVW

'DV*HVHW]GHV+(551LVWYROONRPPHQ
HVHUTXLFNWGLH6HHOH
GDV=HXJQLVGHV+(551LVW]XYHUOlVVLJ
HVPDFKWGLH8QYHUVWlQGLJHQZHLVH
'LH%HIHKOHGHV+(551VLQGULFKWLJ
VLHHUIUHXHQGDV+HU]
GDV*HERWGHV+(551LVWODXWHU
HVHUOHXFKWHWGLH$XJHQ
'LH)XUFKWGHV+(551LVWUHLQ
VLHEOHLEWLQ(ZLJNHLW
GLH%HVWLPPXQJHQGHV+(551VLQG:DKUKHLW
VLHVLQGDOOHVDPWJHUHFKW
6LHVLQGEHJHKUHQVZHUWHUDOV*ROGXQGYLHO)HLQJROG
VHUDOV+RQLJXQG+RQLJVHLP
$XFKGHLQ.QHFKWZLUGGXUFKVLHEHOHKUW
XQGZHUVLHEHIROJWHPSIlQJWUHLFKHQ/RKQ3VDOP

gIIQHPLUGLH$XJHQGDPLWLFKVHKH
GLH:XQGHULQGHLQHP*HVHW]

$XIHZLJR+(55
VWHKWGHLQ:RUWIHVWLQGHQ+LPPHOQ

:LHKDEHLFKGHLQ*HVHW]VROLHE
,FKVLQQHGDUEHUQDFKGHQJDQ]HQ7DJ

'HLQH=HXJQLVVHVLQGPHLQHZLJHV(UEH
GHQQVLHVLQGGLH:RQQHPHLQHV+HU]HQV

0HLQ)OHLVFKVFKDXGHUWDXV)XUFKWYRUGLU
XQGLFKKDEH(KUIXUFKWYRUGHLQHQ%HVWLPPXQJHQ

:XQGHUEDUVLQGGHLQH=HXJQLVVH
GDUXPEHZDKUWVLHPHLQH6HHOH

'HLQ:RUWLVWZRKOJHOlXWHUW
XQGGHLQ.QHFKWKDWHVOLHE3VDOP

D'LH%LEHOLVW*RWWHVLQVSLULHUWHV2IIHQEDUXQJVZRUW

2KQH *RWWHV :RUW ZlUHQ ZLU 0HQVFKHQ JDQ] LQ GHU )LQVWHUQLV XQG ZWHQ QLFKWV
=XYHUOlVVLJHVEHUGHQ OHEHQGLJHQ*RWWXQG6HLQ+HLO'LH%LEHO LVWVRKHUUOLFKXQG
NRVWEDUVRZXQGHUEDUXQGYROONRPPHQZHLOVLHGLH6HOEVWRIIHQEDUXQJGHVXQVLFKW
EDUHQ HZLJHQ KHLOLJHQ *RWWHV LVW GHU +LPPHO XQG (UGH JHVFKDIIHQ KDW 'XUFK GLH
+HLOLJH6FKULIWUHGHWGHUOHEHQGLJH*RWW]XVWHUEOLFKHQ0HQVFKHQJHVFK|SIHQGLH%L
EHOLVW*RWWHV:RUWQLFKW0HQVFKHQZRUW

*RWW JHEUDXFKWH ]ZDU 0HQVFKHQ XP 6HLQ :RUW IU XQV QLHGHUVFKUHLEHQ ]X ODVVHQ
DEHUZDVVLHVFKULHEHQZDUGHQQRFKNHLQQRUPDOHV0HQVFKHQZRUWVRQGHUQHVZD
UHQ GLH YRQ *RWWHV *HLVW JHJHEHQHQ :RUWH *RWWHV VHOEVW 6R EH]HXJW HV XQV GLH
+HLOLJH6FKULIWVHOEVWLQ3W'DEHLVROOWLKUYRUDOOHPGDVHUNHQQHQGD
NHLQH :HLVVDJXQJ GHU 6FKULIW YRQ HLJHQPlFKWLJHU 'HXWXQJ LVW 'HQQ QLHPDOV
ZXUGH HLQH :HLVVDJXQJ GXUFK PHQVFKOLFKHQ :LOOHQ KHUYRUJHEUDFKW VRQGHUQ
YRP+HLOLJHQ*HLVWJHWULHEHQKDEHQGLHKHLOLJHQ0HQVFKHQ*RWWHVJHUHGHW

,Q7LPKHLWHV$OOH6FKULIWLVWYRQ*RWWHLQJHJHEHQJUWKHRSQHXVWRV
JRWWJHKDXFKWYRQ*RWWGXUFK6HLQHQ*HLVWJHZLUNWLQVSLULHUW6REH]HXJWHV'D
YLG GHU 3URSKHW XQG 6FKUHLEHU GHU PHLVWHQ 3VDOPHQ 'HU *HLVW GHV +(551 KDW
GXUFKPLFKJHUHGHWXQGVHLQ:RUWZDUDXIPHLQHU=XQJH6DP6REH
]HXJW HV DXFK 3DXOXV XQG GDYRQ UHGHQ ZLU DXFK QLFKW LQ :RUWHQ GLH YRQ
PHQVFKOLFKHU :HLVKHLW JHOHKUW VLQG VRQGHUQ LQ VROFKHQ GLH YRP +HLOLJHQ
*HLVWJHOHKUWVLQG.RU6RLVWHVHLQ.HQQ]HLFKHQIUDOOHZDKUHQ *OlXEL
JHQ ZDV 3DXOXV EHU GLH 7KHVVDORQLFKHU VFKUHLEW GD LKU DOV LKU GDV YRQ XQV
YHUNQGLJWH :RUW *RWWHV HPSIDQJHQ KDEW HV QLFKW DOV 0HQVFKHQZRUW DXIJH
QRPPHQ KDEW VRQGHUQ DOV GDV ZDV HV LQ :DKUKHLW LVW DOV *RWWHV :RUW GDV
DXFKZLUNWLQHXFKGLHLKUJOlXELJVHLG7K

*ODXEHQ ZLU GDV ZLUNOLFK YRQ +HU]HQ" 8QVHU DXIULFKWLJHU XQG XQHLQJHVFKUlQNWHU
*ODXEHDQGLH,QVSLUDWLRQGHU6FKULIWJHK|UW ]XPLQQHUVWHQ.HUQXQVHUHV*ODXEHQV
OHEHQV2EZLUZLUNOLFKGLH%LEHODOVGDVLUUWXPVORVHYROONRPPHQH2IIHQEDUXQJVZRUW
*RWWHVDQHUNHQQHQRGHUQLFKWREZLUXQVHKUIUFKWLJYRUGLHVHP:RUWEHXJHQRGHU
HVNULWLVFKEHUKHEOLFKXQGHLJHQZLOOLJLQ)UDJHVWHOOHQGDUDQHQWVFKHLGHWVLFKXQ
VHUJDQ]HVJHLVWOLFKHV/HEHQ'DVKDW.RQVHTXHQ]HQELVLQGLH(ZLJNHLW

E'LH%LEHOLVWGDV:RUWGHV/HEHQV

'DV :RUW *RWWHV LVW QLFKWV 7RWHV /HEORVHV $QWLTXLHUWHV NHLQ WRWHU %XFKVWDEH
VRQGHUQ HV LVW OHEHQGLJ XQG NUlIWLJ +HEU /XWKHU HV LVW *HLVW XQG /H
EHQ -RK ZDV ZLU LQ GHU %LEHO OHVHQ GUIHQ VLQG :RUWH GHV HZLJHQ /H
EHQV -RK 'DV YRQ *RWW VHOEVW HLQJHJHEHQH :RUW LVW QDFK *RWWHV 5DW
VFKOX GDV HQWVFKHLGHQGH 0LWWHO XP VQGLJH YHUILQVWHUWH YHUORUHQH 0HQVFKHQ ]X
HUUHWWHQ XQG ]XU :LHGHUJHEXUW ]XP HZLJHQ /HEHQ ]X IKUHQ 'HPQDFK NRPPW
GHU*ODXEHDXVGHU9HUNQGLJXQJGLH9HUNQGLJXQJDEHUGXUFK*RWWHV:RUW
5|P

3HWUXV EH]HXJW DXFK XQV 'HQQ LKU VHLG ZLHGHUJHERUHQ QLFKW DXV YHUJlQJOL
FKHP VRQGHUQ DXV XQYHUJlQJOLFKHP 6DPHQ GXUFK GDV OHEHQGLJH :RUW *RW
WHVGDVLQ(ZLJNHLWEOHLEW3WYJO-DN'DVLQGHU%LEHOJHRIIHQ
EDUWH :RUW YRQ &KULVWXV LVW *RWWHV .UDIW ]XU (UUHWWXQJ IU MHGHQ GHU JODXEW
5|PYJO.RU1XUGDV:RUW*RWWHVLQGHUYRQ*RWWJHJHEHQHQ)RUPLQ
GHQ:RUWHQGLHYRP*HLVW*RWWHVHLQJHJHEHQZXUGHQKDWGLHVHOHEHQVVFKDIIHQGH
.UDIW'LHVH(LJHQVFKDIWLVWEORHQ0HQVFKHQZRUWHQQLFKWHLJHQ:HQQ0HQVFKHQLQ
LKUHQHLJHQHQ:RUWHQEHU*RWWUHGHQGDQQLVWGDVHLQUHODWLYHVEHJUHQ]WHVIHKOED
UHV 5HGHQ :HQQ *RWW VLFK VHOEVW LQ 6HLQHP:RUW RIIHQEDUW GDQQ KDW GLHVHV:RUW
J|WWOLFKH.UDIWXQGDOOHLQGLHVHVNUDIWYROOH*RWWHVZRUWVFKDIIWQHXHV/HEHQ

,VWGLH%LEHODXFKIUXQVSHUV|QOLFKGDV:RUWGHV/HEHQV"/LHEHQZLUGDV:RUW*RW
WHV"1HKPHQZLUXQVWlJOLFK=HLWGDUEHUQDFK]XVLQQHQGDULQ]XIRUVFKHQ"

F'LH%LEHOLVWGLHYHUELQGOLFKH/HLWOLQLHIU/HEHQXQG'LHQVWGHU*OlXELJHQ

'LH%LEHODOVGDVJHRIIHQEDUWH:RUW*RWWHVLVWDXFKGLHREHUVWHHLQ]LJXQGY|OOLJYHU
ELQGOLFKH /HLWOLQLH IU GDV 'HQNHQ XQG +DQGHOQ MHGHV ZDKUHQ *OlXELJHQ $XFK GDV
YHUOHLKWLKUHLQJDQ]EHVRQGHUHV*HZLFKWHLQHEHUUDJHQGH%HGHXWXQJ

'LH%LEHOLVWGDVYROONRPPHQH/HKUEXFKIUGHQ*OlXELJHQGXUFKGDVGHUOHEHQGLJH
*RWWXQGGHU+HUU-HVXV&KULVWXVXQVHUJURHU0HLVWHUXQVXQWHUZHLVWXQGEHOHKUW
ZLHZLUDOV.LQGHU*RWWHVOHEHQVROOHQ$OOH6FKULIWLVWYRQ*RWWHLQJHJHEHQXQG
QW]OLFK]XU%HOHKUXQJ]XUhEHUIKUXQJ]XU=XUHFKWZHLVXQJ]XU(U]LHKXQJLQ
GHU*HUHFKWLJNHLWGDPLWGHU0HQVFK*RWWHVJDQ]]XEHUHLWHWVHL]XMHGHPJX
WHQ:HUNY|OOLJDXVJHUVWHW7LPYJO5|P7LP7LW%HL
HLQHP/HKUEXFKNRPPWHVDXIMHGHV:RUWDQDXIMHGH)HLQKHLWGHU%HGHXWXQJDXI
GLHJHQDXH:LHGHUJDEHGHU*HGDQNHQDXIGHQH[DNWHQ6LQQGHQGHUJ|WWOLFKH/HK
UHUIUXQV0HQVFKHQLQGLH:RUWHKLQHLQJHOHJWKDWGLH(UQLHGHUVFKUHLEHQOLH

*RWWKDWXQV6HLQ:RUWJHRIIHQEDUWGDPLWZLUHVLP*ODXEHQDQQHKPHQXQGLP*H
KRUVDP DXVOHEHQ 9JO DXFK 5|P 6HLG DEHU 7lWHU GHV :RUWHV XQG QLFKW
EOR+|UHUVDJWXQV-DNREXV-DN+LHUGUIHQZLUXQVDQGLH:RUWHXQVHUHV
+HUUQ -HVXV &KULVWXV HULQQHUQ :HQQ LKU LQ PHLQHP :RUW EOHLEW VR VHLG LKU
ZDKUKDIWLJ PHLQH -QJHU XQG LKU ZHUGHW GLH :DKUKHLW HUNHQQHQ XQG GLH
:DKUKHLW ZLUG HXFK IUHL PDFKHQ -RK :HQQ MHPDQG PLFK OLHEW VR
ZLUGHUPHLQ:RUWEHIROJHQXQGPHLQ9DWHUZLUGLKQOLHEHQXQGZLUZHUGHQ]X

LKPNRPPHQXQG:RKQXQJEHLLKPPDFKHQ:HUPLFKQLFKWOLHEWGHUEHIROJW
PHLQH:RUWHQLFKW-RKYJO0W-RK

'DV :RUW *RWWHV LVW GLH 5LFKWVFKQXU IU MHGHQ JHLVWOLFKHQ 'LHQVW IU GHQ +HUUQ IU
DOOH%HUHLFKHGHV/HEHQVHLQHUQHXWHVWDPHQWOLFKHQ*HPHLQGH'LHVHUVHKHQZLUXD
DXVGHP9RUELOGGHU-HUXVDOHPHU*HPHLQGHGLHEHVWlQGLJLQGHU/HKUHGHU$SRVWHO
EOLHE $SJ'HU$SRVWHO3DXOXV ]HLJW XQVGDV LQVHLQHP%ULHIDQGLH.RULQ
WKHU ZR HU VFKUHLEW ,FK OREH HXFK %UGHU GD LKU LQ DOOHP DQ PLFK JHGHQNW
XQG DQ GHQ hEHUOLHIHUXQJHQ IHVWKDOWHW VR ZLH LFK VLH HXFK EHUJHEHQ KDEH
.RU 6SlWHU EHWRQW HU 'HQQ LFK KDEH YRQ GHP +HUUQ HPSIDQJHQ ZDV
LFK DXFK HXFK EHUOLHIHUW KDEH .RU XQG ]HLJW GLH 9HUELQGOLFKNHLW VHLQHU
$QZHLVXQJHQ IU DOOH *HPHLQGHQ LQ .RU :HQQ MHPDQG JODXEW HLQ 3UR
SKHW]XVHLQRGHUJHLVWOLFKGHUHUNHQQHGDGLH'LQJHGLHLFKHXFKVFKUHLEH
*HERWHGHV+HUUQVLQG

$XFKKLHUJLOWZLHGHU:HQQHV*RWWHV:LOOHLVWGDZLUGLH/HKUHXQGGLH*HERWHGHU
$SRVWHOEULHIH JHQDX XQG YHUELQGOLFK HLQKDOWHQ XQG LQ XQVHUHP 'LHQVW XQG *HPHLQ
GHOHEHQXPVHW]HQGDQQLVWHVGD]XXQHUOlOLFKGDZLUHLQH]XYHUOlVVLJHJHQDXH
hEHUVHW]XQJ GLHVHU LQVSLULHUWHQ $QZHLVXQJHQ LQ +lQGHQ KDEHQ HLQH hEHUVHW]XQJ
GLH XQV GHQ JHQDXHQ 6LQQ XQG DXFK IHLQH (LQ]HOKHLWHQ GHV J|WWOLFKHQ *HERWHV HU
NHQQHQOlW

,VW GDV VR LQ XQVHUHP /HEHQ" /DVVHQ ZLUXQV YRQ GHP :RUW *RWWHV OHLWHQ EHVWLP
PHQDXFKNRUULJLHUHQ"2GHUVFKLHEHQZLUHVEHLVHLWHZHQQHVXQV'LQJHVDJWGLH
XQV QLFKW JHIDOOHQ" /HEHQZLU LP *ODXEHQVJHKRUVDP" 6WUHEHQ ZLU EHL DOOHP 9HU
VDJHQ XQG DOOHP 0DQJHO DXIULFKWLJ GDQDFK GLH *HERWH XQVHUHV +HUUQ XQG 0HL
VWHUV ]XEHIROJHQ"1HKPHQZLUHVJHQDX PLW*RWWHV$QZHLVXQJHQRGHUJHQJWHV
XQVVLHQXUVRREHQKLQXQGXQJHIlKU]XEHIROJHQ"

G*RWWHV$XIWUDJDQXQVGDV:RUWGHU6FKULIW]XEHZDKUHQ

'DV:RUW*RWWHVLVWXQV*OlXELJHQDOVHLQEHUDXVNRVWEDUHU6FKDW]DQYHUWUDXWZRU
GHQGDPLWZLUHVEHZDKUHQ'DYRQVFKUHLEWGHUJHIDQJHQH$SRVWHO3DXOXVDQ7LPR
WKHXV'HQQLFKZHLDQZHQLFKJODXEHXQGLFKELQEHU]HXJWGDHUPlFK
WLJ LVW GDV PLU DQYHUWUDXWH *XW ]X EHZDKUHQ ELV ]X MHQHP 7DJ +DOWH GLFK DQ
GDV0XVWHUGHUJHVXQGHQ:RUWHGLHGXYRQPLUJHK|UWKDVWLP*ODXEHQXQGLQ
GHU /LHEH GLH LQ &KULVWXV -HVXV LVW 'LHVHV HGOH DQYHUWUDXWH *XW EHZDKUH
GXUFKGHQ+HLOLJHQ*HLVWGHULQXQVZRKQW7LP

'LH:RUWH*RWWHVGLHGHU$SRVWHO3DXOXVDQ7LPRWKHXVXQGGLHDQGHUHQ*OlXELJHQ
ZHLWHUJDE ZDUHQ LKP YRQ *RWW DQYHUWUDXW ZRUGHQ XQG GHU $SRVWHO lXHUW KLHU GLH
YRQ *RWW VHOEVW HLQJHJHEHQH *HZLKHLW GD *RWW DXFK EHU GHQ 7RG GHV 3DXOXV
KLQDXV6HLQ:RUWEHZDKUHQZUGH=XJOHLFKZHQGHW3DXOXVVLFKDQ7LPRWKHXVXQG
GLH*OlXELJHQGHU QDFKIROJHQGHQ*HQHUDWLRQHQXQG EHDXIWUDJWVLHYRQ*RWWGLHVHV
DQYHUWUDXWHNRVWEDUH:RUW*RWWHVZHLWHU]XEHZDKUHQLQGHU.UDIWGHV+HLOLJHQ*HL
VWHV

'LHVHV *HERW *RWWHV :RUW ]X EHZDKUHQ ILQGHQ ZLU LP $7 ZLH LP 17 DXVJHVSUR
FKHQ]%LQ0R'DVJDQ]H:RUWGDVLFKHXFKJHELHWHGDVVROOWLKUEH

ZDKUHQXPHV]XWXQGXVROOVWQLFKWV]XLKPKLQ]XIJHQXQGQLFKWVYRQLKP
ZHJQHKPHQ YJO DXFK 0R 3V XQG ,FK JHELHWH
GLUYRU*RWWGHUDOOHVOHEHQGLJPDFKWXQGYRU&KULVWXV-HVXVGDGXGDV
*HERW XQEHIOHFNW XQG XQWDGHOLJ EHZDKUVW ELV ]XU (UVFKHLQXQJ XQVHUHV +HUUQ
-HVXV &KULVWXV 7LP YJO 7LP 2IIE :LU ILQGHQ
GDVVHOEH:RUWDXFK LQ0WXQGOHKUWVLHDOOHVKDOWHQ>RGEHZDKUHQ@ZDV
LFKHXFKEHIRKOHQKDEH

%HZDKUHQEHGHXWHW

:LU VROOHQ EHU GHP :RUW *RWWHV ZDFKHQ XQG MHGHQ $QJULII JHJHQ GLHVHV :RUW
]XUFNZHLVHQMHGH9HUIlOVFKXQJMHGHV+LQ]XIJHQ]XPLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWRGHU:HJ
WXQGDYRQ

:LUVROOHQGDV:RUW*RWWHVXQVVHOEVWHLQSUlJHQPLWLKPVWlQGLJ8PJDQJKDEHQ
XQGHVUHLFKOLFKLQXQVZRKQHQODVVHQ

:LUVROOHQGDV:RUW*RWWHVEHIROJHQDQLKPIHVWKDOWHQXQGHVLP*HKRUVDPLQGLH
7DWXPVHW]HQ

:LU VROOHQ GDV :RUW *RWWHV GXUFK /HKUH XQG 9HUNQGLJXQJ ZHLWHUJHEHQ DQ GLH
8QJOlXELJHQZLHDXFKDQGLH*OlXELJHQEHVRQGHUVDQGLHMQJHUH*HQHUDWLRQ

+LHULQ VROOWH XQV GDV :RUW GHV HUK|KWHQ +HUUQ DQ GLH *HPHLQGH YRQ 3KLODGHOSKLD
OHLWHQXQGHUPXWLJHQ GXKDVWHLQHNOHLQH.UDIWXQGKDVWPHLQ:RUWEHZDKUW
XQGPHLQHQ1DPHQQLFKWYHUOHXJQHW2IIE

*RWWKDWLQJHZLVVHP6LQQ6HLQ:RUWXQV6HLQHU*HPHLQGHDQYHUWUDXWGDPLWZLUHV
EHZDKUHQ +DEHQ ZLU XQV EHU GLHVH KHUDXVIRUGHUQGH $XIJDEH VFKRQ HLQPDO *H
GDQNHQJHPDFKW":LHZLFKWLJLVWXQVXQVHUH%LEHO"%HZDKUHQZLU6HLQ:RUW"

=XU*HVFKLFKWHXQG%HGHXWXQJGHU%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ

*RWWKDW6HLQ:RUWXUVSUQJOLFKLQGHQ6SUDFKHQ+HEUlLVFKZHQLJH$EVFKQLWWHDXFK
$UDPlLVFKIUGDV$7 XQG *ULHFKLVFKIU GDV17QLHGHUVFKUHLEHQODVVHQ'DV+H
EUlLVFKH ZDU GLH 6SUDFKH GHV 9RONHV ,VUDHO GHV 9RONHV GHV $OWHQ %XQGHV 'DV
*ULHFKLVFKH ZDU GLH :HOWVSUDFKH GHV GDPDOLJHQ 5|PLVFKHQ 5HLFKHV $EHU *RWW
ZROOWHGD6HLQ:RUWLQDOOHQ6SUDFKHQGHU:HOWYHUEUHLWHWZLUG'LH $XIJDEHGDV
:RUW*RWWHVLQGLH6SUDFKHQGHU9|ONHU]XEHUVHW]HQHUJLEWVLFKIROJHULFKWLJ
DXVGHP$XIWUDJGHV+HUUQGDV(YDQJHOLXPLQDOOHU:HOW]XYHUNQGLJHQXQG
JHK|UWHLJHQWOLFKDXFKPLWLQGHQ$XIWUDJGDV:RUW]XEHZDKUHQ

1RFK JHJHQ (QGH GHV -K HQWVWDQGHQ HUVWH hEHUVHW]XQJHQ GHU %LEHO LQ DQGHUH
6SUDFKHQ =X GHQ IUKHVWHQ XQV EHNDQQWHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ ]lKOW GLH V\ULVFK
DUDPlLVFKHXQGGLHDOWODWHLQLVFKHhEHUDOOZRGDV(YDQJHOLXPXQWHU9|ONHUQDXHU
KDOE GHV JULHFKLVFKHQ 6SUDFKUDXPV KLQJHWUDJHQ ZXUGH HQWVWDQG DXFK HLQH %LEHO

EHUVHW]XQJ:LUNHQQHQXDDOWHhEHUVHW]XQJHQLQV.RSWLVFKHbWKLRSLVFKH$UPH
QLVFKH*HRUJLVFKH3HUVLVFKH*RWLVFKHXQG$UDELVFKH

'LH(QWDUWXQJGHU QDFKDSRVWROLVFKHQ*HPHLQGH ]XU NDWKROLVFKHQ.LUFKH EHKLQGHUWH
GLH hEHUVHW]XQJ GHU %LEHO IU HLQLJH =HLW EHWUlFKWOLFK GHQQ QDFK GHU YHUGRUEHQHQ
/HKUH GHU .LUFKH VROOWH GDV HLQIDFKH 9RON GLH %LEHO QLFKW OHVHQ 1XU GLH ODWHLQLVFKH
9XOJDWD JDOWDOV UHFKWH%LEHOhEHUVHW]XQJHQ LQGLH9RONVVSUDFKH ZDUHQ ]7YHU
ERWHQ 'RFK EHUDOO ZR GHU *HLVW *RWWHV %HNHKUXQJHQ XQG (UZHFNXQJ VFKHQNHQ
NRQQWH ZLH ]% EHL GHQ :DOGHQVHUQ +XVVLWHQ XQG /ROODUGHQ :\FOLII GD JDE HV
DXFK%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQLQGLH9RONVVSUDFKHQ

0LWGHU5HIRUPDWLRQJDEHVHLQHQEHGHXWHQGHQQHXHQ'XUFKEUXFKGHV(YDQJHOLXPV
XQGJDQ]IROJHULFKWLJNDPHV]XHLQHPJURHQ$XIVFKZXQJIUGLHhEHUVHW]XQJGHU
%LEHO 'HQ $QIDQJ GHU UHIRUPDWRULVFKHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ GXUIWH 0DUWLQ /XWKHU
PDFKHQ6HLQ1HXHV7HVWDPHQWLQ'HXWVFKHUVFKLHQ,QGHQIROJHQGHQ-DKUHQ
HUVFKLHQHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ ZLH GLH =UFKHU %LEHO GLH IUDQ]|VLVFKH 2OLYHWDQ
%LEHO GLH HQJOLVFKH 7\QGDOHhEHUVHW]XQJ DXV GHU GLH .LQJ-DPHV%LEHO HQWVWDQG
GLHQLHGHUOlQGLVFKH6WDWHQYHUWDOLQJGLHLWDOLHQLVFKH'LRGDWL%LEHOGLHVSDQLVFKH5HL
QD9DOHUDhEHUVHW]XQJ XQGYLHOHDQGHUHPHKU$XFK XQVHUH KHXWLJHQGHXWVFKVSUD
FKLJHQ%LEHOQVLQGhEHUVHW]XQJHQDXVGHQ8UVSUDFKHQLQXQVHUH6SUDFKHGLHOHW]W
OLFKDXIGLHEDKQEUHFKHQGHhEHUVHW]XQJ0DUWLQ/XWKHUVLQGHU5HIRUPDWLRQV]HLW ]X
UFNJHKHQ

:HOFKH(LJHQVFKDIWHQVROOWHHLQH%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ
IUGLHJOlXELJH*HPHLQGHKDEHQ"

9LHOH YRQ XQV ZLVVHQ VLFKHUOLFK GD HLQH hEHUVHW]XQJ DXV HLQHU 6SUDFKH LQ HLQH
DQGHUH QLFKW LPPHU JDQ] HLQIDFK LVW ZHLO GLH 6SUDFKHQ ]7 UHFKW XQWHUVFKLHGOLFK
DXIJHEDXW VLQG 0DQFKH KDEHQ LQ GHU 6FKXOH GLHVH (UIDKUXQJ EHL hEHUVHW]XQJHQ
DXVGHP(QJOLVFKHQLQV'HXWVFKHXQGXPJHNHKUWJHPDFKWGDVJLOWDEHUQRFKPHKU
IU 6SUDFKHQ GLH ZHLWHU DXVHLQDQGHU OLHJHQ (V JLEW hEHUVHW]XQJHQ GLH ,QKDOW XQG
6LQQGHV2ULJLQDOVVHKUWUHIIHQGXQGJHQDXZLHGHUJHEHQDQGHUHGDJHJHQHQWIHUQHQ
VLFKZHLWYRP2ULJLQDORGHUJHEHQGDV2ULJLQDOVRJDUIDOVFKZLHGHU

$XVGLHVHP*UXQGLVWHVIUGLHJOlXELJH*HPHLQGHQLFKWJOHLFKJOWLJZHOFKH%LEHO
EHUVHW]XQJHQ LQ GHU 9HUNQGLJXQJ XQG LP SULYDWHQ %LEHOOHVHQ EHQXW]W ZHUGHQ
9LHOPHKUJHK|UWHV]XGHP$XIWUDJGHV+HUUQ6HLQ:RUW]XEHZDKUHQGDGLH*H
PHLQGH YRU DOOHP GLH +LUWHQ XQG /HKUHU LQ GHU *HPHLQGH GLH %LEHODXVJDEHQ GLH
GHQ *OlXELJHQ DQJHERWHQ ZHUGHQ DXI LKUH 4XDOLWlW KLQ SUIHQ (LQH JHLVWOLFK PDQ
JHOKDIWH%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJZLUNWVLFKVFKlGLJHQGDXIXQVHUJDQ]HVJHLVWOLFKHV/HEHQ
DXVVRZLHHLQIDOVFKHVXQJHQDXHV0HWHUPDGDVZLUEHLP+DXVEDXYHUZHQGHQ
GD]XIKUWGDDOOH0DHGHV+DXVHVGXUFKHLQDQGHUNRPPHQXQG6FKlGHQHQWVWH
KHQ

'HVKDOEZROOHQZLUXQVMHW]WPLWGHU)UDJHEHVFKlIWLJHQ:HOFKH(LJHQVFKDIWHQVROOWH
HLQH ]XYHUOlVVLJH IU GLH JOlXELJH *HPHLQGH EUDXFKEDUH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ DXIZHL
VHQ"'DEHLZROOHQZLUXQVDQGHQ$XVVDJHQGHU%LEHOVHOEVWRULHQWLHUHQXQGQLFKWDQ

PHQVFKOLFKHQ *HGDQNHQ 'LH %LEHO LVW VROFK HLQ :XQGHUZHUN GD VLH XQV DXFK
JUXQGOHJHQGH0DVWlEH]XU3UIXQJHLQHU%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJDQGLH+DQGJLEW

D(LQH]XYHUOlVVLJHhEHUVHW]XQJPXDXIGHPYRQ*RWWEHZDKUWHQ
XQGEHVWlWLJWHQ*UXQGWH[WGHV$7XQG17EHUXKHQ

'LHHUVWHXQGJUXQGOHJHQGH$QIRUGHUXQJDQHLQH]XYHUOlVVLJH%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJZLUG
KHXWH QXU YRQ ZHQLJHQ *OlXELJHQ EHDFKWHW -HGH hEHUVHW]XQJ IXW MD DXI HLQHU
7H[WYRUODJH XQGGLHhEHUVHW]XQJ NDQQ QXUVR JXW XQG ]XYHUOlVVLJVHLQ ZLHGHU LKU
]XJUXQGHOLHJHQGH2ULJLQDOWH[WDXFK*UXQGWH[WJHQDQQW'HU*UXQGWH[WGHU%LEHOLVW
GHUKHEUlLVFKH7H[WGHV$OWHQ7HVWDPHQWV$7XQGGHUJULHFKLVFKH7H[WGHV1HXHQ
7HVWDPHQWV17

(VLVWVHKUZLFKWLJGDHLQHU]XYHUOlVVLJHQ%LEHODXFKGHUGXUFK*RWWHV9RUVHKXQJ
EHZDKUWH XQG ]XYHUOlVVLJ EHUOLHIHUWH 7H[W GHV $7 XQG 17 ]XJUXQGHOLHJW YJO 3V
XQGQLFKWLUJHQGZHOFKH7H[WHGLHXQWHUGHP(LQIOXXQJOlXELJHU7H[WIRUVFKHU
XQG7KHRORJHQHLJHQPlFKWLJDEJHlQGHUWXQGYHUVWPPHOWZXUGHQ0R6HLW
GHU 5HIRUPDWLRQ ZXUGH LQ DOOHQ ELEHOWUHXHQ %LEHOQ GHU YRQ GHQ MGLVFKHQ 3ULHVWHUQ
XQG*HOHKUWHQ]XYHUOlVVLJEHUOLHIHUWH 0DVRUHWLVFKH7H[W07GHV$7 ]XU*UXQG
ODJH JHPDFKW YJO 5|P 8QWHU GHP (LQIOX YRQ $XINOlUXQJ XQG %LEHONULWLN EH
JDQQHQMHGRFK7KHRORJHQXQG*HOHKUWHLPXQG-KGLHVHQ7H[WLQ)UDJH]X
VWHOOHQ XQGDQYLHOHQ6WHOOHQGXUFKGHQ:RUWODXWDOWHUhEHUVHW]XQJHQ6HSWXDJLQWD
9XOJDWD E]ZDQGHUHU 4XHOOHQ ]XHUVHW]HQ6DPDULWDQLVFKHU3HQWDWHXFK 7DUJXPH
4XPUDQ+DQGVFKULIWHQ -D VLH VFKUHFNWHQ QLFKW GDYRU ]XUFN DQ HLQLJHQ 6WHOOHQ
Y|OOLJZLOONUOLFKGHQ7H[WQDFKHLJHQHQ9HUPXWXQJHQDE]XlQGHUQRKQH5FNKDOWLQ
GHU7H[WEHUOLHIHUXQJ

+HXWH JHEHQ YLHOH PRGHUQH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ DQ ]DKOUHLFKHQ 6WHOOHQ QLFKW GHQ
EHZlKUWHQ 0DVRUHWLVFKHQ 7H[W ZLHGHU VRQGHUQ XQ]XYHUOlVVLJH DOWH hEHUVHW]XQJHQ
RGHU VRJDU HLJHQH 7H[WYHUPXWXQJHQ 'D]X JHK|UHQ *1 XQG +)$ DEHU DXFK GLH
gNXPHQLVFKH (LQKHLWVEHUVHW]XQJ GLH =UFKHU %LEHO YRQ GLH UHYLGLHUWH
(OEHUIHOGHUXD,QGHUUHYLGLHUWHQ(OEHUIHOGHUhEHUVHW]XQJZXUGHQGLHPHLVWHQVRO
FKHQ(LQJULIIHGXUFK)XQRWHQGRNXPHQWLHUWGRUWKDWGHU9HUIDVVHUHLJHQPlFK
WLJH$EZHLFKXQJHQYRP0DVRUHWLVFKHQ7H[WLPJDQ]HQ$7JH]lKOW

,P17LVWVHLWGHU5HIRUPDWLRQGLHEHUOLHIHUWHXQGYRQ*RWWEHVWlWLJWH7H[WJUXQGODJH
GHU 7H[WXV 5HFHSWXV JHZHVHQ GHU LP ZHVHQWOLFKHQ DXI GHP =HXJQLV GHU JURHQ
0HKUKHLW DOOHU JULHFKLVFKHQ +DQGVFKULIWHQ GHP E\]DQWLQLVFKHQ 0HKUKHLWVWH[W EH
UXKW 'HU 7H[WXV 5HFHSWXV OLHJW DOOHQ JURHQ XQG JHVHJQHWHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ
VHLWGHP-DKUKXQGHUW]XJUXQGH]%GHU/XWKHUXQGGHU=UFKHU%LEHOGHU.LQJ
-DPHV%LEHO GHU LWDOLHQLVFKHQ 'LRGDWL GHQ IUDQ]|VLVFKHQ %LEHOQ YRQ 2OLYHWDQ XQG
2VWHUYDOG XQG YLHOHQ DQGHUHQ $XFK LP JULHFKLVFKHQ 17 ZXUGH XQWHU GHP (LQIOX
YRQ$XINOlUXQJXQG%LEHONULWLNGHUEHUOLHIHUWH:RUWODXWLQ)UDJHJHVWHOOWXQGDQ]DKO
UHLFKHQ 6WHOOHQ YHUNU]W XQG YHUlQGHUW 'DV (QGHUJHEQLV LVW GHU KHXWLJH 1HVWOH
$ODQG7H[WGHV17GHUYRQHLQHP|NXPHQLVFKHQ*UHPLXPELEHONULWLVFKHU:LVVHQ
VFKDIWOHU XQWHU LKQHQ HLQ 9HUWUHWHU GHV 9DWLNDQ SHU 0HKUKHLWVEHVFKOX IHVWJHOHJW
ZLUG

=X GHQ EHNDQQWHVWHQ DEJHlQGHUWHQ 6WHOOHQ JHK|UHQ 7LP .RU 5|P
-RK-RK-RKXQG.RU'LH6WUHLFKXQJYRQEHUOLHIHUWHQ*RW
WHVZRUWHQHUJlEHHLQHVHKUODQJH/LVWHHVVHLHQQXUNXU]HLQLJHZLFKWLJH6WHOOHQJH
QDQQW(SK3KLO*DO0W0W0N0N0N
/N/N-RK$SJ.RU.RO7LP-RK$OOGDV
OlW VLFK QDFKSUIHQ ZHQQ PDQ HLQH QDFK GHP 7H[WXV 5HFHSWXV EHUVHW]WH %LEHO
ZLHHWZD6FKODFKWHURGHU/XWKHUPLWHLQHUDXIWH[WNULWLVFKHU*UXQG
ODJH EHUXKHQGHQ %LEHO ZLH HWZD GHU /XWKHU RGHU GHU 5HYLGLHUWHQ (OEHUIHOGHU
YHUJOHLFKW'LHlOWHVWHQXQGDQJHEOLFK]XYHUOlVVLJVWHQ7H[W]HXJHQDXIGLHVLFKGLH
PRGHUQH7H[WNULWLN EHLGLHVHQbQGHUXQJHQ EHUXIWVLQGHLQLJH ZHQLJH+DQGVFKULIWHQ
DXV2EHUlJ\SWHQGLHYRQGHUGRUWKHUUVFKHQGHQ,UUOHKUHGHU*QRVLVEHHLQIOXWZXU
GHQ XQGGHVKDOEEHVRQGHUVVROFKH6WHOOHQYHUlQGHUWHQZRHV XPGLH *RWWKHLWGLH
6RKQVFKDIWXQG+HUUOLFKNHLW-HVXV&KULVWLJLQJ

$OOH GLHVH =XVDPPHQKlQJH N|QQHQ LQ GLHVHU %URVFKUH QXU NXU] JHVWUHLIW ZHUGHQ
]XU ZHLWHUHQ 2ULHQWLHUXQJ ZLUG GLH 6FKULIW 'HU EHUOLHIHUWH 7H[W GHV 1HXHQ 7H
VWDPHQWVXQGGLHKHXWLJHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQDXVGHP(65$6FKULIWHQGLHQVW
HPSIRKOHQ

E(LQH]XYHUOlVVLJHhEHUVHW]XQJ
PXGLHYRQ*RWWLQVSLULHUWHQ*UXQGWH[WZRUWHJHWUHXZLHGHUJHEHQ

'DV LVW GLH DOOHUZLFKWLJVWH (LJHQVFKDIW GLH ZLU EUDXFKHQ (LQH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ IU
GLH JOlXELJH *HPHLQGH PX JUXQGVlW]OLFK ZRUWJHWUHX VHLQ 6LH PX GLH YRQ *RWW
JHJHEHQHQ :RUWH GHV +HEUlLVFKHQ XQG *ULHFKLVFKHQ JHQDX XQG ]XYHUOlVVLJ ZLH
GHUJHEHQ6LHGDUIYRP2ULJLQDOWH[W QLFKWV ZHJQHKPHQ XQGQLFKWV KLQ]XIJHQ'DV
HUJLEW VLFK DXV GHU /HKUH GHU 9HUEDOLQVSLUDWLRQ Z|UWOLFKHQ (LQJHEXQJ GHU 6FKULIW
GXUFK*RWWZLHVLHXQVGLH%LEHOVHOEVWRIIHQEDUW*RWWKDWHLQ]HOQH:RUWHJHJHEHQ
:RUWH YRQ XQHQGOLFKHU %HGHXWXQJ YRQ XQVFKlW]EDUHP *HZLFKW *RWWHV %RWVFKDIW
EHUXKWDXINRQNUHWHQEHVWLPPWHQEHUOLHIHUWHQ:RUWHQLQ+HEUlLVFKXQG*ULHFKLVFK
*RWWKDWQLFKWQXU*HGDQNHQKLQWHUODVVHQGLHEHOLHELJXPIRUPXOLHUWZHUGHQN|QQWHQ
VRQGHUQ NODUH NRQNUHWH HLQ]HOQ EHGDFKWH XQG JHZLFKWHWH:RUWH :RUWH GHV HZL
JHQ/HEHQV-RK

(LQ%LEHOVWXGLXP ]XGHP%HJULII:RUW:RUWH ]HLJWGDHV*RWWLQGHU6FKULIWDXI
GHQ JHQDXHQ:RUWODXW 6HLQHU %RWVFKDIW DQNDP GHQ GLH 3URSKHWHQ H[DNW ZHLWHUJH
EHQVROOWHQXQGYRQGHQHQVLHZHGHUHWZDVZHJWXQGXUIWHQQRFKHWZDVKLQ]XIJHQ
YJOXD0R0R-RV3V-HU-HU0W
'LHVH*UXQGKDOWXQJGHU(KUIXUFKWYRUGHPJHJHEHQHQ:RUWGHVOHEHQGLJHQ*RWWHV
PXDXFKDOOHVJHLVWOLFKYHUDQWZRUWOLFKH%LEHOEHUVHW]HQEHVWLPPHQ

'LH JHLVWOLFKH )RUGHUXQJ DQ HLQH JXWH hEHUVHW]XQJ PX DOVR VHLQ GD GLH :RUWH
GHV 2ULJLQDOV VR JHQDX XQG JHWUHX ZLH P|JOLFK ZLHGHUJHJHEHQ ZHUGHQ GD MHGHV
LQVSLULHUWH *UXQGWH[WZRUW DQJHPHVVHQ ZLHGHUJHJHEHQ ZLUG RKQH 6LQQYHUIlOVFKXQJ
XQGHLJHQPlFKWLJH+LQ]XIJXQJHQRGHU:HJODVVXQJHQ(LQVLQQJHPlHVhEHUVHW
]HQ GDUI QXU GRUW JHZlKOW ZHUGHQ ZR GLH Z|UWOLFKH hEHUVHW]XQJ GDV 9HUVWlQGQLV
ZLUNOLFKVWDUNHUVFKZHUHQRGHUXQP|JOLFKPDFKHQZUGHXQGDXFKGDVVLQQJHPlH
hEHUVHW]HQ PX VR QDKH ZLH P|JOLFK DP 8UWH[W XQG GHQ YRUJHJHEHQHQ :RUWHQ
EOHLEHQ 1|WLJHQIDOOV VROOWHQ ]XVlW]OLFKH ,QIRUPDWLRQHQ EHU GHQ 2ULJLQDOWH[W LQ $Q

PHUNXQJHQ EHUHLWJHVWHOOW ZHUGHQ 1XU VR NDQQ HLQH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ ZLUNOLFK ]XU
%HOHKUXQJ(UEDXXQJXQG$QOHLWXQJGHU*OlXELJHQGLHQHQ1XUVRNDQQVLFKGLHJ|WW
OLFKH.UDIWXQGGHU6HJHQGHVLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWHVGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWZLUNOLFKHQWIDO
WHQ2KQH:RUWJHEXQGHQKHLWXQG:RUWWUHXHEULQJWXQVHLQH%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJNHLQHQ
JHLVWOLFKHQ1XW]HQXQGULFKWHWLP*HJHQWHLO6FKDGHQDQ

F(LQHJXWHZRUWJHWUHXHhEHUVHW]XQJVROOWHP|JOLFKVWNODUYHUVWlQGOLFK
XQGLQHLQHPDQJHPHVVHQHQ'HXWVFKJHVFKULHEHQVHLQ

'DV:RUW *RWWHV NDQQ QXU GDQQ VHLQH EHOHEHQGH HUEDXHQGH .UDIW HQWIDOWHQ ZHQQ
HV GDV 9HUVWlQGQLV GHV /HVHUV DXFK HUUHLFKW XQG LKP QLFKW Y|OOLJ XQYHUVWlQGOLFK
EOHLEW(VLVWGDKHUDXFKYRQ%HGHXWXQJGDGHUJHLVWOLFKH*HKDOWXQGGLHJ|WWOLFKHQ
:DKUKHLWHQGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWGHPGHXWVFKHQ/HVHU LQHLQHU6SUDFKH ZHLWHUJHJH
EHQ ZHUGHQ GLH HU YHUVWHKHQ NDQQ XQG GLH NHLQH XQQ|WLJHQ 0LYHUVWlQGQLVVH XQG
9HUVWlQGQLVVFKZLHULJNHLWHQELHWHW

'D]XLVWHVNHLQHVIDOOVQ|WLJGDGLHhEHUVHW]XQJLQGHUVRJHQDQQWHQ*HJHQZDUWV
VSUDFKH DEJHIDW ZLUG ,P *HJHQWHLO VHKHQ ZLU VFKRQ DP JULHFKLVFKHQ 6SUDFKJH
EUDXFKGHV1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWVGDHV]ZDULP.RLQH*ULHFKLVFKGHUGDPDOVEOL
FKHQ 8PJDQJVVSUDFKH GHU JULHFKLVFKVSUHFKHQGHQ :HOW DEJHIDW LVW DEHU HV LVW
GXUFKVHW]WPLWJHLVWOLFKEHGHXWXQJVYROOHQ6RQGHUZ|UWHUQ]7LQ$QOHKQXQJDQV+H
EUlLVFKHGLHEHUKDXSWQLFKWGHPSRSXOlUHQ6SUDFKJHEUDXFKIROJHQXQGDXFKGHP
'XUFKVFKQLWWVJULHFKHQGHUGDPDOLJHQ=HLWQLFKWRKQHZHLWHUHVYHUVWlQGOLFKZDUHQ

(VLVWDXFKZLFKWLJGDHLQHJHLVWOLFKHELEHOWUHXHhEHUVHW]XQJEHZXWDQGHQYRQ
GHU5HIRUPDWLRQV]HLWKHUYRUJHJHEHQHQJHLVWOLFKHQ:RUWVFKDW]GHUWUDGLWLRQHOOHQ%L
EHOEHUVHW]XQJHQDQNQSIWXQGVLFKQLFKWDQPDWHLQHY|OOLJQHXH%LEHOVSUDFKH]X
HQWZHUIHQ %HVWLPPWH *UXQGEHJULIIH ZLH *ODXEH 5HFKWIHUWLJXQJ +HLOLJXQJ JH
K|UHQ ]XP JHLVWOLFKHQ 9HUVWlQGQLV GHU JOlXELJHQ &KULVWHQKHLW GHXWVFKHU 6SUDFKH
GD]XXQGVLHVROOWHQEHZXWUHVSHNWLHUWZHUGHQ6LHVLQG*UXQGHOHPHQWHGHUELEHO
JHJUQGHWHQ /HKUH GLH GLH JOlXELJH *HPHLQGH JHUDGH KHXWH GULQJHQG EUDXFKW
$XFKPDQFKH%HJULIIHGLHHUNOlUXQJVEHGUIWLJVLQGZLHGDV:RUW%XHVROOWHPDQ
OLHEHULQGHU)XQRWHHUNOlUHQXQGLP7H[WEHLEHKDOWHQ

$QGHUVVLHKWHV]%PLWEHVWLPPWHQDOWKHUJHEUDFKWHQ%HJULIIHQDXVGLHLUUHIKUHQG
VLQG XQG JHLVWOLFKHQ 0LYHUVWlQGQLVVHQ 9RUVFKXE OHLVWHQ 'DV NDQQ PDQ ]% GRUW
VDJHQZRLQGHUDOWHQ/XWKHU%LEHODQEHVWLPPWHQ6WHOOHQIUJHUHWWHWZHUGHQVHOLJ
ZHUGHQXQGIU5HWWXQJ6HOLJNHLWVWHKW'LHVHhEHUVHW]XQJYHUGXQNHOWZRUXPHV
ZLUNOLFKJHKWbKQOLFKHVJLOWIUGHQ%HJULII*RWWVHOLJNHLWGHUHLQHYDJH9RUVWHOOXQJ
YRQ JOFNVHOLJHQ *HIKOHQ LQ GHU *HPHLQVFKDIW PLW *RWW YHUPLWWHOW ZlKUHQG GDV
JULHFKLVFKHHXVHEHLDGLH%HGHXWXQJUHFKWH*RWWHVYHUHKUXQJ*RWWHVIXUFKWKDW

'DV7UDFKWHQQDFK9HUVWlQGOLFKNHLWHLQHU%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJPXLPPHUGHQ*UXQG
VDW] GHU :RUWJHWUHXH EHDFKWHQ XQG VLFK LKP XQWHURUGQHQ (V PX DXFK NODU VHLQ
GD GDV ZDKUH 9HUVWHKHQ GHV:RUWHV *RWWHV HLQ JHLVWOLFKHU 9RUJDQJ LVW XQG GXUFK
GHQ *HLVW *RWWHV EHZLUNW ZLUG GHU GDV JHWUHX EHUVHW]WH:RUW GHP /HVHQGHQ DXI
VFKOLHWXQGLKQHUOHXFKWHW'LH%HVFKlIWLJXQJPLWGHU%LEHOHUIRUGHUWLPPHUGDV:LU
NHQ GHV *HLVWHV *RWWHV 'LHVHV *HLVWHVZLUNHQ GDUI QLFKW ZLH HV KHXWH JHVFKLHKW

GXUFK GLH DXVGHXWHQGHQ XQG YHUHLQIDFKHQGHQ 9HUPLWWOXQJVEHPKXQJHQ PHQVFKOL
FKHUhEHUVHW]HUHUVHW]WZHUGHQ

G (LQH ]XYHUOlVVLJH hEHUVHW]XQJ VROOWH DOOHQ JHLVWOLFKHQ %HGUIQLVVHQ GHV
*OlXELJHQJHQJHQXQGQLFKWQXUEHVWLPPWHQ6SH]LDOEHGUIQLVVHQ

6LH VROOWH IU GLH /HKUH 7LP 7LP XQG GDV V\VWHPDWLVFKH
6WXGLXPGHU6FKULIW$SJ%HU|DJHHLJQHWVHLQ'DVEHGHXWHW:RUWJHWUHXH
hEHUVHW]XQJ DXVUHLFKHQGH (LQKHLWOLFKNHLW >.RQNRUGDQ]@ XQG *HQDXLJNHLW LQ GHU
:LHGHUJDEHGHU6FKOVVHOEHJULIIHXQG)RUPXOLHUXQJHQ

6LHVROOWHDEHUDXFKIUGLH:RUWYHUNQGLJXQJ7LP7LPGDVWlJOL
FKH%LEHOOHVHQXQGGLHSHUV|QOLFKH$QGDFKWHLQVHW]EDUVHLQGD]XLVWHLQHYHUVWlQGOL
FKHNODUHHLQSUlJVDPH6SUDFKHQ|WLJGLHDXFK]XP+HU]HQUHGHW

6FKOLHOLFK VROOWH VLH DXFK IU GLH (YDQJHOLVDWLRQ XQWHU 8QJOlXELJHQ HLQVHW]EDU
VHLQ+LHUEHL LVWHVYRQ9RUWHLOZHQQDXFK QLFKW XQEHGLQJW Q|WLJGDGLHhEHUVHW
]XQJIUHLYRQKHXWH XQRGHUPLYHUVWlQGOLFKHQ5HGHZHQGXQJHQLVW XQGEHVWLPPWH
%HJULIIHLQ)XQRWHQHUNOlUWZHUGHQ

(VLVW JHLVWOLFKIDOVFK XQG JHIlKUOLFK ZHQQ PDQGLHYHUVFKLHGHQHQ(LQVDW]EHUHLFKH
HLQHU %LEHO LP *HPHLQGHOHEHQ DXVHLQDQGHUUHLW XQG PHLQW PDQ PVVH IU GLH
(YDQJHOLVDWLRQ .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGDUEHLW XQG ZRP|JOLFK GLH SHUV|QOLFKH $QGDFKW
PRGHUQH hEHUWUDJXQJHQ HLQVHW]HQ IU GLH 9HUNQGLJXQJ XQG /HKUH DEHU QRFK"
HLQHZRUWJHWUHXHhEHUVHW]XQJ(LQHJXWHhEHUVHW]XQJVROOWHZLHGLHVEHVRQGHUVEHL
GHU/XWKHUELEHODXFKGHU)DOOZDUIUDOOH%HUHLFKHHLQVHW]EDUVHLQ

H(LQH]XYHUOlVVLJHhEHUVHW]XQJVROOWHQXUYRQZLHGHUJHERUHQHQ
LQGHU/HKUHJHVXQGHQ*OlXELJHQYHUIDWVHLQ

'LHVHU *HVLFKWVSXQNW LVW OHLGHU YRQ GHQ *OlXELJHQ YLHO ]X ZHQLJ EHDFKWHW ZRUGHQ
'LH 0LWZLUNXQJ XQJOlXELJHU OLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKHU )DFKOHXWH 7KHRORJHQ hEHUVHW
]XQJVH[SHUWHQ EULQJW HLQHQ JHLVWOLFK YHUGHUEOLFKHQ (LQIOX PLW VLFK ZLH .RU
NODU]HLJWYJODXFK.RU

'LHPHLVWHQKHXWLJHQ5HYLVLRQHQhEHUDUEHLWXQJHQYRQHLQVWPDOVJHLVWOLFKZHUWYRO
OHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ VLQG OHLGHU XQWHU GHU /HLWXQJ E]Z GHP (LQIOX XQJOlXELJHU
PRGHUQHU7KHRORJHQJHPDFKWZRUGHQ'LHVJLOWEHVRQGHUVIUGLH/XWKHUELEHO5HYL
VRQHQ XQG XQG GLH =UFKHU %LEHO 5HYLVLRQ DEHU DXFK LQ JHZLV
VHP$XVPDIUGLH5HYLGLHUWH(OEHUIHOGHU%LEHOZRGLHOLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKHQ
7HQGHQ]HQGHV%URFNKDXV9HUODJHV6SXUHQKLQWHUODVVHQKDEHQ(LQHLQIDFKHU3UI
VWHLQ IU VROFKH OLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKHQ 9HUIlOVFKXQJHQ GHU 6FKULIW LVW -HVDMD ZR
GLH OLEHUDOHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ LQ GHU 5HJHO MXQJH )UDX VWDWW -XQJIUDX KDEHQ =U
FKHU*XWH1DFKULFKWLP7H[WgNXPHQLVFKH(LQKHLWVEHUVHW]XQJXQG5HYLGLHUWH(O
EHUIHOGHULQGHU)XQRWH

(LQH ELEHOWUHXHhEHUVHW]XQJPXDXFKDXIGHU*UXQGODJHGHU JHVXQGHQ/HKUHGHU
6FKULIW HUDUEHLWHW ZHUGHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ GLH YRQ ,UUOHKUHUQ YHUIDW ZXUGHQ

E]ZYRQ,UUOHKUHQJHSUlJWVLQGPVVHQZLUDEOHKQHQXQGVROOWHQVLHQLFKWEHQXW]HQ
%HLVSLHOH VLQG HWZD GLH gNXPHQLVFKH (LQKHLWVEHUVHW]XQJ XQG GLH -HUXVDOHPHU
%LEHO NDWKROLVFK *XWH 1DFKULFKW OLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFK|NXPHQLVFK 'DE
KDU%DDGHU XQG .RQNRUGDQWH $OOYHUV|KQXQJ 0KOKHLPHU 17 3ILQJVWEHZH
JXQJ$OEUHFKWNDWKROLVFKDSRVWROLVFK1HXH:HOW=HXJHQ-HKRYDV

%'LHPRGHUQHQNRPPXQLNDWLYHQ%LEHOEHUWUDJXQJHQ
DXVELEHOWUHXHU6LFKW

'LHZDFKVHQGH=DKOGHUPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQLQV'HXWVFKH

,QGHQOHW]WHQ-DKU]HKQWHQ KDWGLH JOlXELJH*HPHLQGHHUOHEWZLHHLQHUDVFKZDFK
VHQGH =DKO YRQ PRGHUQHQ LQ GHU *HJHQZDUWVVSUDFKH JHKDOWHQHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ
DXIGHQ0DUNW NDPGLHGHQ$QVSUXFKHUKHEHQOHLFKWYHUVWlQGOLFK XQGGRFK JHQDX
]X VHLQ 6LH ZHUGHQ EHZRUEHQ DOV GLH %LEHOQ IU GHQ 0HQVFKHQ YRQ KHXWH 'LHVH
(QWZLFNOXQJJLQJZLHVRYLHOHVYRQGHUHQJOLVFKVSUDFKLJHQ&KULVWHQKHLWEHVRQGHUV
YRQ $PHULND DXV ,Q 'HXWVFKODQG ZDUHQ 9RUOlXIHU GLHVHU PRGHUQHQ :LHGHUJDEHQ
GLHhEHUWUDJXQJYRQ+DQV%UXQVXQGYRQ-|UJ=LQNDE

HUVFKLHQ'DV1HXH7HVWDPHQWLQKHXWLJHP'HXWVFK]XPHUVWHQ0DODQJH
OHKQWDQGDV9RUELOGGHU7RGD\V(QJOLVK9HUVLRQNDPGLHEHUDUEHLWHWH9ROO
IDVVXQJ 'LH *XWH 1DFKULFKW KHUDXV 9HUODJ 'HXWVFKH %LEHOJHVHOOVFKDIW .DWKROL
VFKHV%LEHOZHUNXD'LHVH%LEHOKDWWHHLQHGHXWOLFKOLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKH*UXQGODJH
XQG ZDU YRQ YRUQHKHUHLQ |NXPHQLVFK DXVJHOHJW 0LWDUEHLW NDWKROLVFKHU hEHUVHW]HU
$EGUXFNGHU$SRNU\SKHQ6LHVWLHEHLJOlXELJHQ&KULVWHQ]XQlFKVWDXI]LHPOLFKHQ
:LGHUVSUXFK ZRUDXI HLQLJH GHU RIIHQNXQGLJHQ $QVW|H JHJOlWWHW ZXUGHQ 'LH *1
ZXUGHQRFKPHKUPDOVEHUDUEHLWHWXQGHWZDVPHKUDQGHQ%LEHOZRUWODXWDQJHSDW
RIIHQVLFKWOLFK ZDU HV GHQ |NXPHQLVFKHQ +HUDXVJHEHUQ ZLFKWLJ DXFK HYDQJHOLNDOH
/HVHUIUGLHVHUhEHUWUDJXQJ]XJHZLQQHQ

HUVFKLHQ LQ HQJHU $QOHKQXQJ DQ GLH DPHULNDQLVFKH /LYLQJ %LEOH YRQ .HQ
QHWK7D\ORUGDV17GHU+RIIQXQJIU$OOHDEJHNU]W+)$9HUODJ%UXQQHQ9HUODJ
*LHHQ HLQHU HYDQJHOLNDOPRGHUQHQ %LEHOEHUWUDJXQJ HUVFKLHQ GLH 9ROODXV
JDEHPLW$7'LHVHhEHUWUDJXQJZDUGLHHUVWHEHLGHUHLQDPHULNDQLVFKHV&RS\ULJKW
YRUOLHJW GK VLH ZXUGH ZHLWJHKHQG YRP (QJOLVFKHQ KHU EHUVHW]W XQG QLFKW Y|OOLJ
QHXDXVGHP+HEUlLVFKHQXQG*ULHFKLVFKHQHLQH9RUJHKHQVZHLVHGLHEHUVHW]H
ULVFK IUDJZUGLJ XQG HLJHQWOLFK XQ]XOlVVLJ LVW DEHU ]X HLQHP VFKQHOOHQ (UJHEQLV
IKUW $XFK GLHVH hEHUVHW]XQJ ZXUGH UHYLGLHUW QDFKGHP YRQ JOlXELJHQ /HVHUQ $Q
VWR DQ PDQFKHQ $XVODVVXQJHQ 8PGHXWXQJHQ XQG JHLVWOLFK EHGHQNOLFKHQ 6WHOOHQ
JHQRPPHQ ZXUGH HLQH 6WHOOH LQ GHU GHU YHUGHUEOLFKH OLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKH (LQIOX
GHXWOLFK ZXUGH ZDU ]% GLH :HJODVVXQJ GHV %OXWHV LQ (SK ZR VWDWW GHV ELEOL
VFKHQLQLKPKDEHQZLUGLH(UO|VXQJGXUFKVHLQ%OXWEHUVHW]WZXUGH'HQQGXUFK
GDV6WHUEHQ-HVXDP.UHX]VLQGZLUHUO|VW

ZXUGHQ GLH $UEHLWHQ DQ GHU 1HXHQ *HQIHU hEHUVHW]XQJ DEJHNU]W 1*h
9HUODJ *HQIHU %LEHOJHVHOOVFKDIW EHJRQQHQ HLQHU NRPPXQLNDWLYHQ hEHUVHW]XQJ
DXVGHPHYDQJHOLNDOHQ/DJHUGLHHWZDV QlKHUDP *UXQGWH[W EOHLEW ZLHGLHYRUKHU
JHKHQGHQ $XVJDEHQ DEHU HEHQIDOOV DXI GHU *UXQGODJH GHU G\QDPLVFK
lTXLYDOHQWHQ hEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGH EHUXKW ,P -DKU E]Z HUVFKLHQHQ
7HLODXVJDEHQGHV17

HUVFKLHQ GDV 17 PLW 3VDOPHQ GHU 1HXHV /HEHQhEHUVHW]XQJ DEJHNU]W
1/ 9HUODJ +lQVVOHU $XFK KLHU ZXUGH GLH EHGHQNOLFKH 0HWKRGH DQJHZDQGW GHQ
7H[WDXVGHPDPHULNDQLVFKHQ9RUELOG GHU 1HZ/LYLQJ 7UDQVODWLRQ ]XEHUVHW]HQ
XQGGHQ*UXQGWH[WQXUVWHOOHQZHLVH]XP9HUJOHLFKKLQ]X]X]LHKHQ,QGHU5HNRUG]HLW
YRQ]ZHL-DKUHQZXUGHGLHVHU7H[WDXIGHQ0DUNWJHZRUIHQ$XFKKLHUZXUGHGLH0H
WKRGH GHU G\QDPLVFKHQ bTXLYDOHQ] DQJHZDQGW DEHU PLW HWZDV PHKU %H]XJ ]XP
*UXQGWH[WDOVLQGHU+RIIQXQJIUDOOH

'LH MQJVWH GHU PRGHUQHQ IUHLHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ LVW GLH 1HXH (YDQJHOLVWLVFKH
hEHUWUDJXQJDEJHNU]W1(hhEHUVHW]HU.DUOKHLQ]9DQKHLGHQ9HUODJ&KULVWOLFKH
9HUODJVJHVHOOVFKDIW'LOOHQEXUJGHUHQ17LP+HUEVWHUVFKLHQHQLVW'DPLW|II
QHQ VLFK DXFK GLH IUKHU NRQVHTXHQW ELEHOWUHXHQ IUHLHQ %UGHU GLH VR YLHO DXI GLH
ZRUWJHWUHXH(OEHUIHOGHU%LEHOKLHOWHQGHPPRGHUQHQ7UHQG]XIUHLHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ

,Q GHQ YHUJDQJHQHQ -DKU]HKQWHQ ZDU ]X EHREDFKWHQ ZLH GLHVH PRGHUQHQ
hEHUWUDJXQJHQLPPHUPHKU(LQIOXXQWHUJOlXELJHQ&KULVWHQJHZDQQHQ%HVRQGHUV
VWDUNZXUGHQVLHXQWHU.LQGHUQXQG-XJHQGOLFKHQYHUEUHLWHWLQGHULUULJHQ$QQDKPH
GDVLHIUGLHVH=LHOJUXSSHEHVRQGHUVJHHLJQHWZlUHQ$EHULQ]ZLVFKHQOHVHQDXFK
YLHOH HUZDFKVHQH *OlXELJH VROFKH hEHUWUDJXQJHQ OLHEHU DOV ZRUWJHWUHXH %LEHOQ ,Q
GHU (YDQJHOLVDWLRQ ZLUG EHVRQGHUV GLH +RIIQXQJ IU DOOH DOV %LEHO IU
)HUQVWHKHQGHKlXILJHLQJHVHW]W

(VLVWGDKHUDQJHEUDFKWGLHVH%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQHLQHUJHQDXHUHQ3UIXQJ]XXQ
WHU]LHKHQ6LQGVLHZLUNOLFKGLHJHHLJQHWHQ%LEHOQIUGLH0HQVFKHQYRQKHXWHEH
VRQGHUVIUGLH*OlXELJHQGHV-DKUKXQGHUWV"

:DVDXVGHP:RUW*RWWHVJHPDFKWZLUG
%HLVSLHOHDXVGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ

=XQlFKVWHLQPDOZROOHQZLUPLWHLQDQGHUDQHLQLJHQ%HLVSLHOHQVHKHQZLHGLHPRGHU
QHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQGLHYRQ *RWWHLQJHJHEHQHQ:RUWHGHV2ULJLQDOWH[WHVZLHGHUJH
EHQ6LQGGLHVHhEHUWUDJXQJHQZLUNOLFKGHP8UWH[W JHWUHX ZLHVLHDOOHPLWHLQDQGHU
YHUVSUHFKHQ"*HEHQVLHHLQEHVVHUHV9HUVWlQGQLVGHVVHQZDV*RWWXQVLQ6HLQHP
:RUWVDJWRGHUYHUGXQNHOQVLHGDVJHLVWOLFKH9HUVWlQGQLVGHU6FKULIW"

:LUN|QQHQGDVQXUEHXUWHLOHQZHQQZLUEHZXWXQGDXIPHUNVDPJU|HUH3DVVDJHQ
DXVGLHVHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQPLWHLQHUZRUWJHWUHXHQ%LEHOYHUJOHLFKHQZLU KDEHQ KLHU
GLHUHYLGLHUWH6FKODFKWHU%LEHOJHZlKOW/LHVWPDQGLHPRGHUQHQ7H[WHIUVLFK
DOOHLQIDOOHQYLHOH9HUlQGHUXQJHQGHV:RUWODXWVXQGGHV6LQQHVJDUQLFKWRKQHZHL

WHUHVDXI$EHUGHU9HUJOHLFKEULQJWHUQVWHXQGVFKZHUZLHJHQGH$EZHLFKXQJHQYRP
LQVSLULHUWHQ2ULJLQDOZRUWODXWGHU%LEHODQV/LFKW

:LUKDEHQ LPIROJHQGHQHLQLJHEHLVSLHOKDIWH)lOOHYRQVROFKHQ9HUlQGHUXQJHQIHVW
JHKDOWHQ'LH=DKOGHU%HLVSLHOHOLHHVLFKVHKUYHUPHKUHQ'LHKDXSWVlFKOLFKEHWURI
IHQHQ6WHOOHQZXUGHQXQWHUVWULFKHQHLQNXU]HU.RPPHQWDUVROOGLH$UWGHU9HUlQGH
UXQJHQ GHXWOLFK PDFKHQ:LU KDEHQ LQ HUVWHU /LQLH %HLVSLHOH DXV GHQ DP ZHLWHVWHQ
YHUEUHLWHWHQ PRGHUQHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ JHZlKOW GHU *XWHQ 1DFKULFKW XQG GHU
+RIIQXQJ IU $OOH 'LH DQGHUHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ HQWKDOWHQ YLHOIDFK ZHQLJHU GUDVWL
VFKH$EZHLFKXQJHQYRP*UXQGWH[WVLQGDEHUHEHQIDOOVYLHO]XZHLWYRPLQVSLULHUWHQ
*UXQGWH[WHQWIHUQWXPDOVZLUNOLFKH%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJJHOWHQ]XN|QQHQ

)UGLHVHQ9HUJOHLFKZXUGHQIROJHQGH$XVJDEHQ]XJUXQGHJHOHJW6FKODFKWHU
6WDQGDUGDXVJDEH +RIIQXQJ IU DOOH $XIODJH G UHY )DVVXQJ *XWH
1DFKULFKW UHY )DVVXQJ 1HXHV /HEHQ $XIODJH 1*h 7HLODXVJDEH
'LH1(hNRQQWHQRFKQLFKWPLWLQGLH8QWHUVXFKXQJHLQEH]RJHQZHUGHQ

D7H[WHGHV$7

0RVH
6FKODFKWHU +RIIQXQJIUDOOH *XWH1DFKULFKW

'LH(UGHDEHUZDUZVW 1RFKZDUGLH(UGHOHHUXQG 'LH(UGHZDUQRFKOHHUXQG
XQGOHHUXQGHVODJ)LQ RKQH/HEHQYRQ:DVVHU |GH'XQNHOEHGHFNWHVLHXQG
VWHUQLVDXIGHU7LHIHXQG PDVVHQEHGHFNW)LQVWHUQLV ZRJHQGHV:DVVHUXQGEHU
GHU*HLVW*RWWHVVFKZHEWH KHUUVFKWHDEHUEHUGHP:DV GHQ)OXWHQVFKZHEWH*RWWHV
EHUGHQ:DVVHUQ VHUVFKZHEWHGHU*HLVW*RWWHV *HLVW
8QG*RWWVDKGDGDV 8QG*RWWVDKGDV/LFKWDQ(V
/LFKWJXWZDUGDVFKLHG *RWWVDKGDVVHVJXWZDU(U ZDUJXW'DQQWUHQQWH*RWWGDV
*RWWGDV/LFKWYRQGHU)LQ WUHQQWHGDV/LFKWYRQGHU'XQ /LFKWYRQGHU'XQNHOKHLW
VWHUQLV NHOKHLW 8QG*RWWVDKGDVDOOHV
8QG*RWWVDKGD :DVHUVDKJHILHOLKP DQ(VZDUJXW
HVJXWZDU GHQQHVZDUJXW 8QG*RWWVDKGDVDOOHV
8QG*RWWVDKGD *RWWVDKHVXQGIUHXWH DQ(VZDUJXW
HVJXWZDU VLFKGHQQHVZDUJXW

$OOH5HGHQ*RWWHVVLQGJHOlXWHUW7XHQLFKWV]XVHLQHQ:RUWHQKLQ]XGD
PLWHUGLFKQLFKWEHVWUDIWXQGGXDOV/JQHUGDVWHKVW6SU+LHUVHKHQ
ZLU GLH YHUNHKUWH 7HQGHQ] GHU hEHUWUDJXQJHQ GLH J|WWOLFK LQVSLULHUWHQ :RUWH QDFK
HLJHQHP *XWGQNHQ DXV]XVFKPFNHQ E]Z DXV]XGHXWHQ GXUFK +LQ]XIJXQJ YRQ
'LQJHQ GLH QLFKW JHVFKULHEHQ VWHKHQ 1RFK LVW HLQH DXVGHXWHQGH +LQ]XIJXQJ
)LQVWHUQLV LVW PHKU DOV 'XQNHOKHLW :HQQ *RWWHV :RUW LPPHU ZLHGHU GDVVHOEH
ZLHGHUKROWVRLVWGLHVLQVLFKHLQH$XVVDJHXQGVRJHZROOW+)$VFKPFNWKLHUXQ]X
OlVVLJDXVXQGOlWGHQ/HVHUQLFKWDKQHQGDKLQWHUGHP:DVHUVDKJHILHOLKP
GHQQ HV ZDU JXW XQG GHP *RWW VDK HV XQG IUHXWH VLFK GHQQ HV ZDU JXW LP
*UXQGWH[W EHLGHVPDO VWHKW 8QG *RWW VDK GD HV JXW ZDU 6ROFKH DXVGHXWHQGHQ
+LQ]XIJXQJHQILQGHQVLFKVWlQGLJLQGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ

0RVH

8QG*RWWGHU+(55OLH 9LHOHYHUVFKLHGHQH%lXPH (UOLHDXVGHU(UGHDOOH$UWHQ
DOOHUOHL%lXPHDXVGHU(UGH OLHHULP*DUWHQZDFKVHQ6LH YRQ%lXPHQZDFKVHQ(VZD
KHUYRUVSULHHQOLHEOLFKDQ VDKHQSUDFKWYROODXVXQGWUXJHQ UHQSUlFKWLJH%lXPHXQGLKUH
]XVHKHQXQGJXW]XU1DK N|VWOLFKH)UFKWH,QGHU0LWWH )UFKWHVFKPHFNWHQJXW>'RUW
UXQJXQGDXFKGHQ%DXP GHV*DUWHQVVWDQGHQ]ZHL KLQEUDFKWH*RWWGHQ0HQVFKHQ
GHV/HEHQVPLWWHQLP*DU %lXPHGHU%DXPGHVVHQ GHQHUJHPDFKWKDWWH@,QGHU
WHQXQGGHQ%DXPGHU(U )UXFKW/HEHQVFKHQNWXQGGHU 0LWWHGHV*DUWHQVZXFKVHQ
NHQQWQLVGHV*XWHQXQG %DXPGHU*XWXQG%|VHHU ]ZHLEHVRQGHUH%lXPHHLQ
%|VHQ NHQQHQOlVVW %DXPGHVVHQ)UFKWHXQYHU
JlQJOLFKHV/HEHQVFKHQNHQ
XQGHLQ%DXPGHVVHQ)UFKWH
:LVVHQJHEHQ

+LHU ILQGHQ ZLU ZLHGHU 9HUNHKUXQJ GHV ,QKDOWV GXUFK ]X IUHLH DXVGHXWHQGH :LHGHU
JDEH0LWGHQ1DPHQGHVKHLOLJHQ*RWWHVJHKHQPDQFKHIUHLHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQUHFKW
DFKWORVXQGZLOONUOLFKXP]7ODVVHQVLHVLHQDFK%HOLHEHQZHJYHUWDXVFKHQRGHU
YHUNU]HQVLHREZRKOGRFKMHGHUVHLQHEHVRQGHUH%HGHXWXQJKDW6RZLUGKLHU*RWW
GHU +(55 KHEU -DKZHK (ORKLP ]X HU *XW ]XU 1DKUXQJ PHLQW HWZDV DQGHUHV
XQGPHKUDOVLKUH)UFKWHVFKPHFNWHQJXW)UFKWHZXUGHHLQIDFKHLQJHIJW'HU
6DW]LQHFNLJHQ.ODPPHUQZXUGHEHL*1HLQIDFKYRP9HUVLQGHQ9KHUEHUJH
]RJHQ0DVVLYHUQRFKVLQGGLH9HUGUHKXQJHQGHV6LQQVEHLGHU.HQQ]HLFKQXQJGHU
]ZHL%lXPH'HU%DXPGHV/HEHQVVRKDW*RWWLQ6HLQHU:HLVKHLWGLHVHQ%DXP
JHQDQQW$EHUGLHhEHUVHW]HUPHLQHQKLHUYHUEHVVHUQ]XPVVHQ:DVVLHGDUDXV
PDFKHQNDQQPDQYRQGHU$XVOHJXQJKHUGXUFKDXVDEOHLWHQDEHUGHU%LEHOEHUVHW
]HU GDUI QLFKW GLH $XVOHJXQJ LQ GHQ 7H[W VHOEVW KLQHLQEULQJHQ XQG LKQ GDPLW YHUIOD
FKHQ 'HU %DXP GHV /HEHQV NDQQ GXUFKDXV QRFK PHKU EHGHXWHQ DOV GLH 8P
VFKUHLEXQJYRQ+)$XQG*19ROOHQGVVFKOLPPLVWZDV*1PLWGHP%DXPGHU(U
NHQQWQLVYRQ*XWXQG%|VHPDFKW(VLVWGXUFKQLFKWV]XUHFKWIHUWLJHQGDKLHUQXU
EHUVHW]WZLUG'HU%DXPGHVVHQ)UFKWH:LVVHQJHEHQ

0RVH

'DVSUDFKGHU0HQVFK 'DULHIGLHVHU(QGOLFKJLEW 'HUIUHXWHVLFKXQGULHI
'DVLVWHQGOLFK*HEHLQYRQ HVMHPDQGHQZLHPLFK6LH (QGOLFK6LHLVWV(LQHZLH
PHLQHP*HEHLQXQG)OHLVFK ZXUGHDXVHLQHP7HLOYRQPLU LFK6LHJHK|UW]XPLUGHQQ
YRQPHLQHP)OHLVFK'LHVROO JHPDFKWZLUJHK|UHQ]XVDP YRQPLULVWVLHJHQRPPHQ
0lQQLQKHLHQGHQQYRP PHQ 'HVKDOEYHUOlWHLQ0DQQ
0DQQLVWVLHJHQRPPHQ 'DUXPYHUOlVVWHLQ0DQQ 9DWHUXQG0XWWHUXPPLWVHL
'DUXPZLUGHLQ0DQQVHL VHLQH(OWHUQXQGYHUELQGHWVLFK QHU)UDX]XOHEHQ'LH]ZHL
QHQ9DWHUXQGVHLQH0XWWHU VRHQJPLWVHLQHU)UDXGDVVGLH VLQGGDQQHLQVPLW/HLEXQG
YHUODVVHQXQGVHLQHU)UDX EHLGHQHLQVVLQGPLW/HLEXQG 6HHOH
DQKlQJHQXQGVLHZHUGHQ 6HHOH
HLQ)OHLVFKVHLQ

(LQ .HQQ]HLFKHQ PRGHUQHU hEHUWUDJXQJHQ LVW GLH KXPDQLVWLVFKH 9HUIODFKXQJ XQG
(LQHEQXQJDOOHU EHVRQGHUHQ ]7 ELOGKDIWHQ:HQGXQJHQXQG$XVGUFNHPLWGHQHQ
GHU +HLOLJH *HLVW *RWWHV:DKUKHLW RIIHQEDUWH (V ZLUG:HVHQWOLFKHV YHUNU]W ZHQQ
*HEHLQ YRQ PHLQHP *HEHLQ XQG )OHLVFK YRQ PHLQHP )OHLVFK PLW GHP VDORSS
PRGHUQHQ6SUXFKZLHGHUJHJHEHQZLUG(QGOLFK6LHLVWV(LQHZLHLFK'HUIUHXWH
VLFK*1LVWHLQHHLJHQPlFKWLJH$XVGHXWXQJRKQH$QKDOWLP2ULJLQDO'DDXFKGLH
ZUGLJH%LEHOVSUDFKH KLHULQVFKOHFKWHV$OOWDJVGHXWVFK KHUDEJH]RJHQZLUGZLUGDQ
:HQGXQJHQZLH6LHZXUGHDXVHLQHP7HLOYRQPLUJHPDFKWGHXWOLFK9RQHUQVWHUHU
JHLVWOLFKHU%HGHXWXQJLVWGDGHU1DPH0lQQLQXQGGLH$XVVDJHGHQQYRP0DQQ
LVW VLH JHQRPPHQ YRQ *1 XQG +)$ XQWHUVFKODJHQ ZLUG +LHU JHKW HV MD XP HLQH
ZLFKWLJH 2IIHQEDUXQJ YRQ *RWWHV 6FK|SIXQJVDEVLFKW GLH $XVZLUNXQJHQ KDW DXI GLH
JHLVWOLFKH6LFKWGHU6WHOOXQJGHU)UDXLP17ZLH.RUXQG7LP]HLJHQ
:LUJHK|UHQ]XVDPPHQLVWGLH5HVWVXEVWDQ]GLHGHU:HOWJHLVWXQGGHUHYDQJHOL
NDOH =HLWJHLVW YRQ GHU +DXSWVFKDIW GHV 0DQQHV XQG GHU *HKLOIHQVFKDIW GHU )UDX
QRFK EULJOlW ,Q 9 VWXW]W GLH hEHUVHW]XQJ YRQ *1 *RWWHV:DKUKHLW DXI HLQH
GHPPRGHUQHQ6QGHQOHEHQDQJHSDWH$OOHUZHOWVDXVVDJH]XUHFKW,QGHU7DWKHX
WHOHEWGHU0DQQQXUQRFKPLWVHLQHU)UDX]XVDPPHQDQVWDWWLKUHLQ/HEHQODQJLQ
7UHXHDQ]XKlQJHQ

0RVH

'DVSUDFKGLH6FKODQJH 8QVLQQ,KUZHUGHWQLFKWVWHU 1HLQQHLQVDJWHGLH
]XGHU)UDX.HLQHVZHJV EHQZLGHUVSUDFKGLH6FKODQJH 6FKODQJHLKUZHUGHWEHVWLPPW
ZHUGHWLKUVWHUEHQ DEHU*RWWZHL:HQQLKUGD QLFKWVWHUEHQ
6RQGHUQ*RWWZHL$Q YRQHVVWZHUGHQHXFKGLH$X $EHU*RWWZHL6REDOGLKU
GHP7DJGDLKUGDYRQHW JHQJH|IIQHWLKUZHUGHWVHLQ GDYRQHWZHUGHQHXFKGLH
ZHUGHQHXFKGLH$XJHQ ZLH*RWWXQGZLVVHQZDV*XW $XJHQDXIJHKHQXQGLKUZHUGHW
JH|IIQHWXQGLKUZHUGHW XQG%|VHLVW DOOHVZLVVHQJHQDXZLH*RWW
VHLQZLH*RWWXQGZHUGHW 'DQQZHUGHWLKUHXHU/HEHQ
HUNHQQHQZDVJXWXQGE|VH VHOEVWLQGLH+DQGQHKPHQN|Q
LVW QHQ

%HL +)$ ILQGHQ ZLU KLHU SULPLWLYPRGHUQH 9HUIODFKXQJ GHV *RWWHVZRUWHV GXUFK HLQ
IUHL HUIXQGHQHV 8QVLQQ XQG HLQH VLQQHQWVWHOOHQGH $XVGHXWXQJ GHV 5HGHQV GHU
6FKODQJHGDVNHLQHLQIDFKHV:LGHUVSUHFKHQZDUVRQGHUQHLQHUDIILQLHUWHYHUIK
UHULVFKH *HJHQYHUKHLXQJ ]X *RWWHV *HULFKWVDQNQGLJXQJ =X GHU )UDX ZLUG HLQ
IDFKZHJJHODVVHQ6FKOLPPHULVWDEHUZDVGLHhEHUVHW]HUGHU*1DXVGHP*RWWHV
ZRUWJHPDFKWKDEHQ'DMHPDQGGLH'UHLVWLJNHLWKDEHQNDQQGDVNODUHXQGVRHLQ
GULQJOLFKH,KU ZHUGHWVHLQZLH *RWWPLWGHPREHUOHKUHUKDIWDXVGHXWHQGHQ ,KUZHU
GHWDOOHVZLVVHQJHQDXZLH*RWW]XHUVHW]HQOlWVLFKQXUPLWGHU0LDFKWXQJGHV
LQVSLULHUWHQ*RWWHVZRUWHVHUNOlUHQ$XFKKLHUZLHGHUZLHLQ0ROlW*1*XWXQG
%|VHZHJSDVVHQGLHVHPRUDOLVFKHQ%HJULIIHQLFKWPHKU]XPKHXWLJHQ=HLWJHLVW"
XQG HUVHW]W HV Y|OOLJ ZLOONUOLFK GXUFK DOOHV 'DQQ ZLUG HLQH PRGHUQWKHRORJLVFKH
$XVGHXWXQJ QDFKJHVFKREHQ YRQ GHU NHLQH $QGHXWXQJ LQ GHU 6FKULIW VHOEVW VWHKW
HOI :|UWHU GLH ]X *RWWHV :RUW KLQ]XJHIJW ZXUGHQ 'DQQ ZHUGHW LKU HXHU /HEHQ
VHOEVWLQGLH+DQGQHKPHQN|QQHQ

0RVH

1DFKGLHVHQ%HJHEHQKHL 'DQDFKUHGHWHGHU+HUU]X (LQLJH=HLWGDQDFKHUJLQJGDV
WHQHUJLQJGDV:RUWGHV $EUDPLQHLQHU9LVLRQ+DE :RUWGHV+(551DQ$EUDPXQG
+(551DQ$EUDPLQHLQHU NHLQH$QJVW$EUDPLFKVHOEVW HUHPSILQJHLQH2IIHQEDUXQJ
2IIHQEDUXQJ)UFKWHGLFK EHVFKW]HGLFKLFKZHUGHGLFK 'HU+(55VDJWH]XLKP+DE
QLFKW$EUDPLFKELQGHLQ DXFKUHLFKEHORKQHQ NHLQH$QJVW$EUDPLFKELQ
6FKLOGXQGGHLQVHKUJURHU GHLQ6FKXW]'XVROOVWUHLFKEH
/RKQ ORKQWZHUGHQ

$P$QIDQJYRQ9EHJHKW+)$HLQHGHUXQ]lKOLJHQ9HUNU]XQJHQGLHIUGLHG\
QDPLVFKlTXLYDOHQWHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ VR NHQQ]HLFKQHQG VLQG *RWWHV :RUW VDJW
GDV:RUWGHV+(551HUJLQJDQ$EUDP%HL+)$UHGHWGHU+HUUQXUQRFK:HQQGHU
+HLOLJH *HLVW EHWRQW YRQ GHP :RUW GHV +(551 VSULFKW VR LVW GDPLW PHKU DXVJH
GUFNW DOV QXU UHGHQ GLHVHU IHVWVWHKHQGH %HJULII ILQGHW VLFK LPPHU ZLHGHU LP $7
DXFKLQGHQ3URSKHWHQ/HW]WOLFKNOLQJWGDULQDXFKDQGDKLHUGHU6RKQ*RWWHVEH
WHLOLJWLVWGHVVHQ1DPHMD'DV:RUWLVW.HLQhEHUVHW]HUKDWGDV5HFKWGLHVHQ8Q
WHUVFKLHG]XYHUZLVFKHQ'HXWOLFKHUQRFKZLUGGHUJURHJHLVWOLFKH9HUOXVWGXUFKGLH
8PGHXWXQJ GHV J|WWOLFKHQ :RUWHV DP (QGH YRQ 9 'RUW KHLW HV Z|UWOLFK EHU
VHW]W,FK ELQGHLQVHKU JURHU/RKQ'DUDXV PDFKHQGLHPRGHUQHQ+LQHLQGHXWHU
,FKZHUGHGLFKDXFKUHLFKEHORKQHQ0HUNHQZLUZDVKLHUYHUORUHQJHKW"(VLVWHLQ
JURHU 8QWHUVFKLHG RE *RWW $EUDP UHLFKHQ /RKQ JLEW RGHU RE (U VHOEVW LQ 6HLQHU
JDQ]HQ )OOH $EUDPV /RKQ LVW :LU ZHUGHQ GDUDQ HULQQHUW GD *RWW GHQ ]Z|OI
6WlPPHQ HLQ (UEWHLO LP /DQG ,VUDHO JDE DEHU YRQ GHQ /HYLWHQ VDJWH (U GD (U
VHOEVWLKU(UEWHLOVHLQZROOWH'DVZDUXQHQGOLFKYLHOPHKU

0RVH

8QG>$EUDP@JODXEWHGHP $EUDPQDKPGLHVHV9HU $EUDPJODXEWHGHU=XVDJH
+(551XQGGDVUHFKQHWH(U VSUHFKHQHUQVW(UVHW]WHVHLQ GHV+(551XQGGHU+(55
LKPDOV*HUHFKWLJNHLWDQ JDQ]HV9HUWUDXHQDXIGHQ UHFKQHWHLKPGDVDOV%HZHLV
+HUUQXQGVRIDQGHU*RWWHV GHU7UHXHDQ
$QHUNHQQXQJ

+LHUVWRHQZLUDXIHLQHJDQ]ZHVHQWOLFKHJHIlKUOLFKH7HQGHQ]GHUPRGHUQHQ%LEHO
EHUWUDJXQJHQ VLH YHUZLVFKHQ XQG YHUIlOVFKHQ JHUDGH MHQH *UXQGDXVVDJHQ
GLH GDV ELEOLVFKH (YDQJHOLXP YRQ GHU (UUHWWXQJ XQG 5HFKWIHUWLJXQJ GHV 6Q
GHUV DOOHLQ DXV *QDGH GXUFK GHQ *ODXEHQ EHWUHIIHQ 'DV ]HLJW VLFK LQ GLHVHU
.HUQVWHOOHGLHMDLQ5|PXQG*DOZLHGHUDXIJHJULIIHQZLUG%HL+)$ZLUGGHU
VR HQWVFKHLGHQGH )DNW GD $EUDP GHP +(551 JODXEWH GXUFK ]ZHL ZHLWVFKZHLILJH
8PVFKUHLEXQJHQHUVHW]WGDEHLZLUGGDV6FKOVVHOZRUWJODXEHQDEHUJHO|VFKWGDV
GLH%UFNH]XGHQ/HKUHQGHU%ULHIHEHUGLH(UUHWWXQJDXV*ODXEHQELOGHW'DGXUFK
ZLUGQLFKWGDV9HUVWlQGQLVYRQ*RWWHV:DKUKHLWJHI|UGHUWVRQGHUQGHUHQ9HUGXQNH
OXQJ 'DV JLOW DXFK IU *1 GLH GHQ *ODXEHQ QLFKW PHKU DQ GLH 3HUVRQ GHV +(551
ELQGHW VRQGHUQ PLW HLQHU XQEHUHFKWLJWHQ +LQ]XIJXQJ DQ VHLQH =XVDJH 6FKOLPPHU
QRFKZLUNWVLFKGLHGLUHNWYHUIlOVFKHQGH:LHGHUJDEHGHU]HQWUDOHQ$XVVDJHDXVGD

GHU+(55$EUDPV*ODXEHQLKPDOV*HUHFKWLJNHLWDQUHFKQHWH*HUHFKWLJNHLW LVWHLQ
%HJULIIDXVGHU*HULFKWVVSUDFKHXQGGDVLVWQLFKW]XIlOOLJVRVRQGHUQZHLOGLH6FKULIW
OHKUW XQG EH]HXJW GD GHU 6QGHU XQWHU 9HUGDPPQLV XQWHU *RWWHV *HULFKWVXUWHLO
VWHKW XQG *HUHFKWLJNHLW E]Z 5HFKWIHUWLJXQJ EUDXFKW XP JHUHWWHW ]X ZHUGHQ 'D
JHJHQ LVW GLH hEHUVHW]XQJ YRQ +)$ DXI GHU SV\FKRORJLVFKHQ (EHQH DQJHVLHGHOW
'DV%HGUIQLVQDFK$QHUNHQQXQJZLUGYRQGHQ9HUIHFKWHUQPRGHUQHU3V\FKRORJLH
DOV HLQ *UXQGEHGUIQLV GHV 0HQVFKHQ DXVJHPDFKW :HU ZLOO QLFKW $QHUNHQQXQJ
RGHU$QQDKPH EHL*RWW"$EHU KLHUILQGHWHLQHVFKZHUZLHJHQGH9HUIlOVFKXQJ]HQ
WUDOHU$XVVDJHQGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWLP6LQQHHLQHV]HLWJHLVWLJHQ+XPDQLVPXVVWDWW
1LFKW EHVVHU LVW GLH hEHUVHW]XQJ YRQ *1 GLH HEHQIDOOV Y|OOLJ DP 6LQQ GHV ELEOL
VFKHQ =HQWUDOEHJULIIV *HUHFKWLJNHLW YRUEHLJHKW 'LH *HUHFKWLJNHLW LVW QDFK GHP
:RUWODXWGHU6FKULIWHLQH*DEH*RWWHVQDFK*1EHUXKWVLHDXI$EUDPV:HUNHQZHLO
HU7UHXHHUZLHVHQKDEH'LHVH9HUIlOVFKXQJNDQQQLFKWDOVhEHUVHW]XQJGHVKH
EUlLVFKHQ :RUWODXWV EH]HLFKQHW ZHUGHQ 'DV +HEUlLVFKH KDW HLQ HLJHQHV :RUW IU
7UHXHZLHDXFKIU$QHUNHQQXQJXQGZHQQ*RWWGDVKlWWHVDJHQZROOHQZDVLQ
*1XQG+)$VWHKWKlWWH(UJDQ]DQGHUHKHEUlLVFKH:RUWHJHZlKOW

0RVH

XQGLQGHLQHP6DPHQ $OOH9|ONHUGHU(UGHZHU %HLDOOHQ9|ONHUQGHU(UGH
VROOHQDOOH9|ONHUGHU(UGH GHQPLFKELWWHQVLHVR]XVHJ ZHUGHQGLH/HXWH]XHLQDQGHU
JHVHJQHWZHUGHQZHLOGX QHQZLHLFKGLFKVHJQHQZHU VDJHQ*RWWVHJQHGLFKZLHGLH
PHLQHU6WLPPHJHKRUVDP GH'DVDOOHVZHUGHLFKGLU 1DFKNRPPHQ$EUDKDPV'DV
ZDUVW JHEHQZHLOGXEHUHLWZDUVW LVWGLH%HORKQXQJGDIUGDGX
PHLQHQ:LOOHQ]XWXQ PHLQHP%HIHKOJHKRUFKWKDVW

+LHU KDEHQ ZLH HLQH ZLFKWLJH KHLOVJHVFKLFKWOLFKH $XVVDJH HLQH 9HUKHLXQJ GLH LP
17ZLHGHUDXIJHJULIIHQZLUGEHVRQGHUVLQ5|PXQGLQ*DOXQGGLH
QDFK*DOHLQGHXWLJDXI&KULVWXVGHQ0HVVLDVYHUZHLVW'LHVHELVLQGLH(LQ]HO
KHLWHQ EHGHXWXQJVYROOH $XVVDJH YJO LQ GHLQHP 6DPHQ QHXWHVWDPHQWOLFK LQ
&KULVWXV(SKZLUGQXQGXUFKGLH8PIRUPXOLHUXQJLQKHXWLJHV'HXWVFKY|OOLJ
YHUIlOVFKW (LQH PHQVFKOLFKH $XVGHXWXQJ HUVHW]W GLH JHWUHXH hEHUVHW]XQJ XQG VR
YHUVFKZLQGHW KLHU ZLH DQ YLHOHQ DQGHUHQ 6WHOOHQ MHGHU %H]XJ DXI &KULVWXV XQG GLH
PHVVLDQLVFKHQ :HLVVDJXQJHQ %HL +)$ ZLUG GHU ELEOLVFKH 6FKOVVHOEHJULII GHV
6DPHQV JDQ] XQWHUVFKODJHQ XQG ZLUG QLFKW HLQPDO PLW 1DFKNRPPHQ EHUVHW]W
'LHPHQVFKOLFKH$XVGHXWXQJIJWGHQ LQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWHQ*RWWHVHLJHQPlFKWLJH
:RUWH KLQ]X GDV LVW GLH GRSSHOWH $Q]DKO GHU GHXWVFKHQ:RUWH%HL *1 LVW HV QLFKW
GHUVRXYHUlQH*RWWGHUVHJQHWVRQGHUQ0HQVFKHQVSUHFKHQHLQHQVHOEVWIRUPXOLHU
WHQ 6HJHQ GHU PLW GHP 8UWH[W NDXP QRFK HWZDV ]X WXQ KDW $XFK KLHU ZHUGHQ
VHOEVWJHZlKOWHZLOONUOLFKDXVGHXWHQGH:RUWH]XGHUZRUWJHWUHXHQ:LHGHUJDEHKLQ
]XJHIJW

0RVH

*RWWVSUDFK]X0RVH,FK *RWWDQWZRUWHWH,FKELQ *RWWDQWZRUWHWH,FKELQGD
ELQGHULFKELQ8QGHU HXHU*RWWGHUIUHXFKGDLVW XQGHUIJWHKLQ]X6DJ]XP
VSUDFK6RVROOVWGX]XGHQ 'DUXPVDJGHQ,VUDHOLWHQ,FK 9RON,VUDHO'HU,FKELQGDKDW
.LQGHUQ,VUDHOVVDJHQ,FK ELQIUHXFKGDKDWPLFK]X PLFK]XHXFKJHVFKLFNW
ELQGHUKDWPLFK]XHXFK HXFKJHVDQGW
JHVDQGW

+LHUJLEW XQVGLH6FKULIWHLQHHUKDEHQH6HOEVWRIIHQEDUXQJ *RWWHVGHU 0RVHDXIGLH
)UDJH QDFK 6HLQHP 1DPHQ GHQ EHGHXWXQJVYROOHQ 1DPHQ PLWWHLOW ,FK ELQ GHU LFK
ELQ+LHUPLWRIIHQEDUWVLFK*RWWDOVGHUHZLJ6HLHQGHDOVGHU*RWWGHUVFKRQLPPHU
ZDUGHUDXVVLFKVHOEVWH[LVWLHUWXQGQLHPDQGHQQ|WLJKDW'LHVHJ|WWOLFKH6HOEVWRI
IHQEDUXQJZLUGYRQGHQVHOEVWHUQDQQWHQ9HUVWlQGOLFKPDFKHUQEHL+)$LQHLQHUHU
VFKUHFNHQGHQ:HLVHYHUIlOVFKWXQGDXIGLHPRGHUQH PHQVFKHQ]HQWULHUWH9HUVWlQG
QLVHEHQHKHUXQWHUJH]RJHQ*RWWLVWIUPLFKGD'DVKDWPLWhEHUVHW]HQQLFKWV]X
WXQ GHQQ *RWW KlWWH GDV ZDV +)$ VFKUHLEW DXI +HEUlLVFK GXUFKDXV DXVGUFNHQ
N|QQHQZHQQ(UGDVJHPHLQW KlWWH'LH $XVVDJHGHVLQVSLULHUWHQ8UWH[WHVLVW JH
QDX GDV *HJHQWHLO YRQ GHP ZDV +)$ KLQHLQGHXWHW +LHU KDEHQ ZLU HLQH PRGHUQ
WKHRORJLVFK JHIlUEWH9HUGUHKXQJGHU:RUWHGHVOHEHQGLJHQ *RWWHVYJO-HU
'LHVH 9HUNHKUXQJ ]HLJW GHQ ZHOWOLFKHQ *HLVW GHV +XPDQLVPXV LQ GHQ PRGHUQHQ
hEHUWUDJXQJHQ *RWW ZLUG DQ GHQ 0HQVFKHQ DQJHSDW 'LH )RUPXOLHUXQJ GHU *1
JUHQ]WLQLKUHU)ODSVLJNHLWXQGIHKOHQGHQ(KUIXUFKWDQ*RWWHVOlVWHUXQJ

5LFKWHU

'LHVH1HEHQIUDXDEHU 'RFKHLQHV7DJHVZDUGLH :HLOVLHVLFKEHULKUHQ0DQQ
EHJLQJ+XUHUHLJHJHQLKQ )UDXZWHQGEHULKUHQ0DQQ lUJHUWHOLHIVLHLKPZHJXQG
XQGOLHIYRQLKPIRUWLQGDV XQGOLHILKPZHJVLHNHKUWH NHKUWH]XLKUHP9DWHUQDFK
+DXVLKUHV9DWHUVQDFK ]XUFN]XLKUHP9DWHUQDFK %HWKOHKHP]XUFN
%HWKOHKHP-XGD %HWKOHKHP

+LHUVWHKWLPLQVSLULHUWHQKHEUlLVFKHQ7H[WHLQ:RUWGDVHLQGHXWLJ+XUHUHLEHJHKHQ
EHGHXWHW 'LH PRGHUQHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ VDJHQ DEHU HWZDV JDQ] DQGHUHV DXV 6WLOO
VFKZHLJHQG XQG RKQH LUJHQGHLQHQ EHUHFKWLJWHQ *UXQG KDEHQ VLH GHQ KHEUlLVFKHQ
7H[W KLHU QDFK GHU JULHFKLVFKHQ hEHUVHW]XQJ GHU 6HSWXDJLQWD JHlQGHUW 'DPLW
ZLUGQDWUOLFKDXFKGHUJHLVWOLFKH6LQQGHUJDQ]HQ*HVFKLFKWHYHUIlOVFKW(VLVWGRFK
YRQHLQLJHU%HGHXWXQJIUGLHVHVFKUHFNOLFKH%HJHEHQKHLWGDGLH)UDXHLQH6QGH
JHJHQ *RWW XQG LKUHQ 0DQQ EHJDQJHQ KDWWH GLH QDFK GHP *HVHW] LKUHQ 7RG ]XU
)ROJHJHKDEWKlWWH+LHUZLUGGLH%LEHOQDFKGHQ*HGDQNHQGHV=HLWJHLVWHVIULVLHUW
XQGGLH)UDX]XPPHKURGHUZHQLJHUXQVFKXOGLJHQ2SIHUJHPDFKWGLHVHOEH9HUIlO
VFKXQJILQGHQZLUDXFKEHLGHUUHYLGLHUWHQ(OEHUIHOGHU$XFKDQ]DKOUHLFKHQDQGHUHQ
6WHOOHQZHLFKHQGLHPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQYRP0DVRUHWLVFKHQ7H[WGHUKHLOLJHQ
6FKULIWHQ DE XQG EHUVHW]HQ QDFK DOWHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ DXV ELEHOWUHXHU 6LFKW HLQ
XQ]XOlVVLJHU(LQJULIILQ*RWWHVEHUOLHIHUWHV:RUW

6DFKDUMD

8QGHUZLUG]XLKPVDJHQ :HQQMHPDQGLKQIUDJW:R 8QGZHQQPDQLKQDXIGLH
:DVVLQGGDVIU:XQGHQ KHUNRPPHQGDQQGLH6WULH 6WULHPHQDQVHLQHP/HLEKLQ
LQGHLQHQ+lQGHQ"8QG PHQDXIGHLQHU%UXVW"GDQQ ZHLVWZLUGHUVDJHQ'DVLVWYRQ
HUZLUGDQWZRUWHQ'LHKDW ZLUGHUDQWZRUWHQ,FKKDEH HLQHU6FKOlJHUHLPLWPHLQHQ
PDQPLUJHVFKODJHQLP PLFKPLWPHLQHQ)UHXQGHQ =HFKEUGHUQ
+DXVPHLQHU/LHEHQ JHSUJHOW

6DFKLVWHLQJHZLFKWLJHVSURSKHWLVFKHV:RUWGDVXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH$XVOHJXQJHQ
]XOlW XQG DXFK YRQ ELEHOWUHXHQ .RPPHQWDWRUHQ XQWHUVFKLHGOLFK DXVJHOHJW ZXUGH
(VVWHKW ]ZLVFKHQGHQ$XVVDJHQLQ9EHUGLHIDOVFKHQ3URSKHWHQ LQ ,VUDHO LQ
GHQ 7DJHQ YRU GHU :LHGHUNXQIW GHV 0HVVLDV HLQHUVHLWV XQG GHQ XQ]ZHLIHOKDIW DXI
GHQ 0HVVLDV VHOEVW EH]RJHQHQ $XVVDJHQ LQ 9 YJO 0W 0N 1DFK
GHQ ZRUWJHWUHXHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ LVW HV ]XPLQGHVW P|JOLFK GHQ %H]XJ DXI GHQ
GXUFKERKUWHQ0HVVLDV]XHUNHQQHQYJO6DFKGHU]XPLQGHVWLQGHU:RUWZDKO
GLHVHV9HUVHVPLWDQJHOHJW LVW'DJHJHQLVWGLHhEHUVHW]XQJYRQ+)$XQG*1VR
ZLOONUOLFK XQG YHUIlOVFKHQG GD NHLQ PHVVLDQLVFKHU %H]XJ PHKU P|JOLFK LVW PDQ
NDQQ KLHU GXUFKDXV YRQ HLQHU XQWHUVFKZHOOLJHQ /lVWHUXQJ VSUHFKHQ 'LHVH 6WHOOH
]HLJWLQEHVRQGHUVDEVFKUHFNHQGHU:HLVHZLH]HUVW|UHULVFKGLHPRGHUQHQhEHUVHW
]HULQGDVKHLOLJH*HIJHGHULQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWH*RWWHVHLQJUHLIHQ

0DOHDFKL

(XFKDEHUGLHLKUPHL )UHXFKDEHUGLHLKUPLUGLH )UHXFKDEHUGLHLKUPLU
QHQ1DPHQIUFKWHWZLUG 7UHXHJHKDOWHQKDEWZLUGDQ WUHXJHZHVHQVHLGZLUGDQGLH
GLH6RQQHGHU*HUHFKWLJNHLW MHQHP7DJGLH5HWWXQJNRP VHP7DJGLH6RQQHDXIJHKHQ
DXIJHKHQXQG+HLOXQJ PHQZLHDP0RUJHQGLH6RQQH 6LHZLUGHXHU5HFKWDQGHQ7DJ
>ZLUG@XQWHULKUHQ)OJHOQ DXIJHKW EULQJHQXQGDOOH:XQGHQKHL
>VHLQ@ OHQ

,Q GHU OHW]WHQ DOWWHVWDPHQWOLFKHQ 6WHOOH GLH ZLU XQWHUVXFKHQ ZROOHQ VHKHQ ZLU ]XP
HLQHQZLHGHUELEOLVFKH%HJULIIGHU)XUFKWGHV+HUUQLQGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQ
JHQ V\VWHPDWLVFK DXVJHO|VFKW ZXUGH XQG GXUFK ZHFKVHOQGH ]7 Y|OOLJ ZLOONUOLFKH
:|UWHUPLWDQGHUHU%HGHXWXQJHUVHW]WZXUGH'D]XJHK|UHQGLHLKU*RWWJHKRUFKW
GLHLKU*RWWHUQVWQHKPWGLHLKU*RWWHKUWGLHLKU*RWWWUHXVHLGVRZLHJHOHJHQW
OLFK GDV QRFK HLQLJHUPDHQ YHUZDQGWH GLH LKU *RWW (KUIXUFKW HQWJHJHQEULQJW
*RWWHVIXUFKWQDFKGHU6FKULIWVHOEVWGHU$QIDQJGHU(UNHQQWQLV6SULVWIU
GLHPRGHUQHYHUIODFKWH XQGYHUIlOVFKWH/HKUHGHU KHXWLJHQ&KULVWHQKHLW QLFKWPHKU
DN]HSWDEHO +LHU JHVFKLHKW HLQH KXPDQLVWLVFKH 9HUIlOVFKXQJ GHU ELEOLVFKHQ
%RWVFKDIW 0LW GHU YHUVWlQGOLFKHQ :LHGHUJDEH GHV HLJHQWOLFK GRFK Y|OOLJ NODUHQ
%HJULIIV 6RQQH GHU *HUHFKWLJNHLW ZLUG HLQ ZHLWHUHU DOWWHVWDPHQWOLFKHU %H]XJ ]X
&KULVWXV GHP 0HVVLDV ]HUVW|UW $XFK KLHU ZLUG GHU /HVHU GXUFK GLH PRGHUQHQ
hEHUVHW]XQJHQJHLVWOLFKEHUDXEWXQGVHLQ9HUVWlQGQLVGHV7H[WHVYHUGXQNHOW

E7H[WHGHV17

0DWWKlXV

XQGVSULFKW7XW%XH (UULHI.HKUWXP]X*RWW bQGHUWHXHU/HEHQ*RWWZLUG
GHQQGDV5HLFKGHU+LPPHO 'HQQMHW]WEHJLQQWVHLQHQHXH MHW]WVHLQH+HUUVFKDIWDXIULFKWHQ
LVWQDKHKHUEHLJHNRPPHQ :HOW XQGVHLQ:HUNYROOHQGHQ

7XW%XHLVWNODVVLVFKHV%LEHOGHXWVFKXQGVROOWHHUNOlUWZHUGHQDQVWDWWHVDQGHUV
]XEHUVHW]HQbQGHUWHXHU/HEHQ*1LVWNHLQHDQJHPHVVHQHhEHUVHW]XQJHVLVW
IODFKXQGEHOLHELJJDQ]JHPlGHPPRGHUQHQIDOVFKHQ(YDQJHOLXP1RFKVFKZHU
ZLHJHQGHU LVW GLH 8PGHXWXQJ GHV %HJULIIHV 5HLFK GHU +LPPHO EHL +)$ *RWWHV
QHXH :HOW LVW HEHQVR XQELEOLVFK ZLH GLH 9HUIlOVFKXQJ GHV LVW QDKH KHUEHLJHNRP
PHQ ]X MHW]W EHJLQQW 1HXH:HOW HQWKlOW QLFKW PHKU GHQ *HGDQNHQ GHU .|QLJV
KHUUVFKDIW*RWWHVGHUVLFKDOOHV]XXQWHUZHUIHQKDWHVLVWHLQZHOWOLFKHU%HJULII+X[
OH\ 6FK|QH QHXH:HOW *1 YHUIlOVFKW GDV KHLOVJHVFKLFKWOLFK VR SUl]LVH LVW QDKH
KHUEHLJHNRPPHQ ]X GHP ELEOLVFK QLFKW KDOWEDUHQ *RWW ZLUG MHW]W VHLQH +HUUVFKDIW
DXIULFKWHQ XQG EULQJW HLQHQ HEHQIDOOV ELEOLVFK IDOVFKHQ DXVGHXWHQGHQ =XVDW] XQG
VHLQ:HUNYROOHQGHQ'DPLWEHNRPPWGHU/HVHUPHKU8QNODUKHLWXQGIDOVFKH7KHR
ORJLHYHUPLWWHOWVWDWWPHKU.ODUKHLWJHJHQEHUGHQZRUWJHWUHXHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQ

0DWWKlXV

'HQQLFKVDJHHXFK ,FKZDUQHHXFK:HQQLKU ,FKVDJHHXFK,KUZHUGHW
:HQQHXUH*HUHFKWLJNHLWGLH GDV*HVHW]*RWWHVQLFKWEHVVHU QLHPDOVLQ*RWWHVQHXH:HOW
GHU6FKULIWJHOHKUWHQXQG3KD HUIOOWDOVGLH3KDULVlHUXQG NRPPHQZHQQLKUVHLQHQ:LO
ULVlHUQLFKWZHLWEHUWULIIWVR 6FKULIWJHOHKUWHQNRPPWLKU OHQQLFKWEHVVHUHUIOOWDOVGLH
ZHUGHWLKUJDUQLFKWLQGDV QLFKWLQ*RWWHVQHXH:HOW *HVHW]HVOHKUHUXQG3KDULVlHU
5HLFKGHU+LPPHOHLQJHKHQ

+LHU IKUW GLH $XIO|VXQJ GHU ELEOLVFKHQ %HJULIIH ]X HLQHU IROJHQVFKZHUHQ 9HUIlO
VFKXQJ GHU $XVVDJH ,Q GHP %HPKHQ GHQ %HJULII HXUH *HUHFKWLJNHLW PXQGJH
UHFKW ]X EHUWUDJHQ YHUIDOOHQ *1 XQG +)$ LQ )RUPXOLHUXQJHQ GLH HLQH (UUHWWXQJ
DXV:HUNHQKLQHLQGHXWHQ'DVVHOEHILQGHWVLFKDXFKEHL1/$EHULFKZDUQHHXFK
QXU ZHQQ LKU *RWW JHKRUVDPHU VHLG DOV HV GLH 6FKULIWJHOHKUWHQ XQG 3KDULVlHU VLQG
GUIWLKULQGDV+LPPHOUHLFKKLQHLQ'LH1*hELHWHW:HQQHXHU/HEHQGHU*HUHFK
WLJNHLW *RWWHV QLFKW EHVVHU HQWVSULFKW DOV GDV GHU 6FKULIWJHOHKUWHQ XQG 3KDULVlHU
ZHUGHW LKU PLW 6LFKHUKHLW QLFKW LQV +LPPHOUHLFK NRPPHQ 'DJHJHQ LVW GDV ZHLVH
JHZlKOWH:RUWGHV+HUUQGD]XDQJHWDQGLH-QJHUGDUDXIKLQ]XOHLWHQGDVLHVWDWW
LUJHQGHLQHU HLJHQHQ *HVHW]HVHUIOOXQJ HLQH YROONRPPHQH *HUHFKWLJNHLW YRQ *RWW
EUDXFKHQZLHVLHLP5|PHUEULHIJHOHKUWZLUGGLH*HUHFKWLJNHLW*RWWHVDXV*ODXEHQ
0LW GHU $XIO|VXQJ YRQ %HJULIIHQ ZLH *HUHFKWLJNHLW ZLUG HLQ IDOVFKHV 9HUVWlQGQLV
GHVELEOLVFKHQ(YDQJHOLXPVJHI|UGHUWXQGGDVHFKWH9HUVWlQGQLVYHUKLQGHUW6ROFKH
%LEHOQVLQGJHUDGHDOV0LWWHO]XU(YDQJHOLVDWLRQYRQ8QJOlXELJHQY|OOLJXQWDXJOLFK

0DWWKlXV

:HQQMHPDQGPLU :HUPLUQDFKIROJHQZLOO :HUPLUIROJHQZLOO
QDFKNRPPHQZLOOVRYHU GDUIQLFKWPHKUVLFKVHOEVWLQ PXVLFKXQGVHLQH:QVFKH
OHXJQHHUVLFKVHOEVWXQG GHQ0LWWHOSXQNWVWHOOHQVRQGHUQ DXIJHEHQVHLQ.UHX]DXIVLFK
QHKPHVHLQ.UHX]DXIVLFK PXVHLQ.UHX]DXIVLFKQHK QHKPHQXQGDXIPHLQHP:HJ
XQGIROJHPLUQDFK PHQXQGPLUQDFKIROJHQ KLQWHUPLUKHUJHKHQ
'HQQZHUVHLQ/HEHQ :HUVLFKDQVHLQ/HEHQ 'HQQZHUVHLQ/HEHQUHWWHQ
UHWWHQZLOOGHUZLUGHVYHU NODPPHUWGHUZLUGHVYHUOLHUHQ ZLOOZLUGHVYHUOLHUHQ$EHUZHU
OLHUHQZHUDEHUVHLQ/HEHQ :HUDEHUVHLQ/HEHQIUPLFK VHLQ/HEHQXPPHLQHWZLOOHQ
YHUOLHUWXPPHLQHWZLOOHQGHU HLQVHW]WGHUZLUGHVIULPPHU YHUOLHUWZLUGHVJHZLQQHQ
ZLUGHVILQGHQ JHZLQQHQ :DVKDWHLQ0HQVFKGDYRQ
'HQQZDVKLOIWHVGHP 'HQQZDVJHZLQQWHLQ ZHQQHUGLHJDQ]H:HOWJH
0HQVFKHQZHQQHUGLH 0HQVFKZHQQLKPGLHJDQ]H ZLQQWDEHU]XOHW]WVHLQ/HEHQ
JDQ]H:HOWJHZLQQWDEHU :HOW]XIlOOWHUVHOEVWDEHUGDEHL YHUOLHUW":RPLWZLOOHUHVGDQQ
VHLQ/HEHQYHUOLHUW"2GHU 6FKDGHQQLPPW"(UNDQQVHLQ ]XUFNNDXIHQ"
ZDVNDQQGHU0HQVFKDOV /HEHQMDQLFKWZLHGHU]XUFN
/|VHJHOGIUVHLQ/HEHQ NDXIHQ
JHEHQ"

+LHUHUNHQQHQZLUZLHGLHNODUHQHLQSUlJVDPHQXQGKHUDXVIRUGHUQGHQ:RUWHXQVH
UHV +HUUQ XPJHGHXWHW XQG PRGHUQ YHUZlVVHUW ZHUGHQ 6LFK VHOEVW YHUOHXJQHQ LVW
HWZDV DQGHUHV DOV VLFK VHOEVW QLFKW PHKU LQ GHQ 0LWWHOSXQNW VWHOOHQ $QGHUHUVHLWV
JHKWGDVPXVLFKDXIJHEHQYRQ*1LQHLQHKHLGQLVFKP\VWLVFKH5LFKWXQJGLHGHU
6FKULIWDXFKIUHPGLVW6HLQ/HEHQYHUOLHUHQXPGHV&KULVWXVZLOOHQLVWHWZDVY|OOLJ
DQGHUHV DOV VHLQ /HEHQ IU &KULVWXV HLQVHW]HQ 'LHVH 9HUIlOVFKXQJ HQWVSULFKW JH
QDXGHUPRGHUQHQ)U|PPLJNHLWGHV,FKOHEHQVGDVGHP+HUUQGLHQHQZLOOVWDWWPLW
&KULVWXV JHNUHX]LJW ]XVHLQ8QGGLH WLHIVFKUIHQGH)UDJH XQVHUHV+HUUQLQ9E
ZDV GHU 0HQVFK DOV /|VHJHOG IU VHLQ /HEHQ JHEHQ NDQQ ZLUG LQ LKUHP %H]XJ ]X
GHP /|VHJHOG GDV (U VHOEVW JHVWHOOW KDW Y|OOLJ YHUZLVFKW XQG YHUIlOVFKW bKQOLFK
DXFK1*h:DVNDQQHLQ0HQVFKDOV*HJHQZHUWIUVHLQ/HEHQJHEHQ"1/GLFKWHW
IUHL*LEWHVHWZDV.RVWEDUHUHVDOVGLH6HHOH"'LHVFKHLQEDUH9HUVWlQGOLFKNHLWZLUG
KLHU ZLH DQ XQJH]lKOWHQ DQGHUHQ 6WHOOHQ HUNDXIW PLW JHLVWOLFKHU 9HUIODFKXQJ 9HU
PHQVFKOLFKXQJXQG9HUIlOVFKXQJGHUXUVSUQJOLFKHQ$XVVDJH

-RKDQQHV

8QGDXVVHLQHU)OOHKDEHQ $XVVHLQHPJ|WWOLFKHQ $XVVHLQHP5HLFKWXPKDW
ZLUDOOHHPSIDQJHQ*QDGHXP 5HLFKWXPKDWHUXQVLPPHU HUXQVEHVFKHQNWXQVDOOHPLW
*QDGH XQGLPPHUZLHGHUPLWVHLQHU JUHQ]HQORVHU*WHEHUVFKW
'HQQGDV*HVHW]ZXUGH JUHQ]HQORVHQ/LHEHEH WHW
GXUFK0RVHJHJHEHQGLH VFKHQNW 'XUFK0RVHJDE*RWWXQV
*QDGHXQGGLH:DKUKHLWLVW 'XUFK0RVHJDEXQV*RWW GDV*HVHW]LQ-HVXV&KULVWXV
GXUFK-HVXV&KULVWXVJHZRU GDV*HVHW]PLWVHLQHQ)RUGH DEHULVWXQVVHLQH*WHXQG
GHQ UXQJHQ$EHUGXUFK-HVXV 7UHXHEHJHJQHW
&KULVWXVVFKHQNWHHUXQVVHLQH
YHUJHEHQGH/LHEHXQG7UHXH

$XFK KLHU ZLHGHU ILQGHQ ZLU HLQH VFKZHUZLHJHQGH 9HUNHKUXQJ ZLFKWLJHU 6FKOVVHO
EHJULIIH'LH*QDGHZLUGLQGHQPHLVWHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQDQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ
6WHOOHQGXUFKEOXPLJHDQGHUH%HJULIIHHUVHW]WJUHQ]HQORVH/LHEH+)$RGHU*
WH1HXHV/HEHQGHQ5HLFKWXPVHLQHV6HJHQV'DPLWZLUGDEHUHLQ)XQGDPHQW
GHV ELEOLVFKHQ (YDQJHOLXPV KHLPOLFK VWLOO XQG OHLVH XQWHUJUDEHQ :HQQ GLH 6FKULIW
VDJW:LUKDEHQDOOHHPSIDQJHQ*QDGH XP*QDGHGDQQ ]LHOWGLH)RUPXOLHUXQJDXI
XQVHUH+DOWXQJDXFKDXIGLH$NWLYLWlWGHV*ODXEHQVGHUGLH*QDGHDQQLPPW'LHVHU
$VSHNWJHKWEHL*1XQG+)$YHUORUHQ:HQQ:DKUKHLWGXUFK7UHXHHUVHW]WZLUG
HQWVWHKWHEHQIDOOVHLQH9HUIlOVFKXQJXQG9HUGXQNHOXQJ,PELEOLVFKHQ:RUWODXWNOLQJW
GLHVHU 6DW] DQ YLHOH DQGHUH DQ ]% ,FK ELQ GHU :HJ GLH :DKUKHLW XQG GDV /H
EHQ 'LHVH %H]JH ZHUGHQ YHUZLVFKW RIIHQVLFKWOLFK LVW GLH :DKUKHLW LQ GHU PR
GHUQHQ)U|PPLJNHLWQLFKWPHKUVRZLFKWLJ

-RKDQQHV
6FKODFKWHU +RIIQXQJIUDOOH 1HXH*HQIHUhEHUVHW]XQJ

'DVSUDFKHQVLH]XLKP 'DIUDJWHQVLHLKQ:DV 'DIUDJWHQVLHLKQ:DVIU
:DVVROOHQZLUWXQXPGLH VROOHQZLUWXQXP*RWWHV:LO 'LQJHPVVHQZLUGHQQWXQXP
:HUNH*RWWHV]XZLUNHQ" OHQ]XHUIOOHQ" *RWWHV:LOOHQ]XHUIOOHQ"
-HVXVDQWZRUWHWHXQG 1XUHLQVHUZDUWHW*RWWYRQ -HVXVDQWZRUWHWH*RWWHV
VSUDFK]XLKQHQ'DVLVWGDV HXFK,KUVROOWDQGHQJODXEHQ :LOOHZLUGGDGXUFKHUIOOWGDVV
:HUN*RWWHVGDLKUDQGHQ GHQHUJHVDQGWKDW LKUDQGHQJODXEWGHQHUJH
JODXEWGHQHUJHVDQGWKDW VDQGWKDW

$XFKKLHUZLUGGLHJHLVWOLFKH$XVVDJHHLQHUEHGHXWXQJVYROOHQ)RUPXOLHUXQJLQ*RWWHV
:RUW GXUFK GLH PRGHUQHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ YHUIlOVFKW 'LH )UDJH GHU -XGHQ OlW GLH
JDQ]H *HIDQJHQKHLW LQ GHU :HUNJHUHFKWLJNHLW HUNHQQHQ DXFK GHU ZLFKWLJH %HJULII
:HUNHLVWLQGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQVRJXWZLHDXVJHO|VFKW'HU+HUUJUHLIW
LKUH:RUWHGDV:HUN*RWWHVDXIXQG NHKUWVLHJHZLVVHUPDHQXP'HU*ODXEHLVW
GDVZDV*RWWVXFKWDEHUHULVW]XJOHLFKVHOEVWGDV:HUN*RWWHVGDVGHU0HQVFK
QLFKWRKQH*RWWEHZLUNHQNDQQ:HUN*RWWHVLVWQlPOLFKYRP6LQQGHU8UWH[WZRUWH
KHU GRSSHOGHXWLJ GDV :HUN GDV *RWW YHUODQJW E]Z GDV ,KP ZRKOJHIlOOLJ LVW DEHU
DXFKGDV:HUNGDV*RWWVHOEVWWXW'LHVHEHGHXWVDPH'LPHQVLRQZLUGEHLGHQhEHU
WUDJXQJHQ YHUVFKWWHW DOOHV EOHLEW DXI HLQHU (EHQH PHQVFKOLFKHQ :LUNHQV bKQOLFK
DXFK*1*RWWYHUODQJWQXUHLQVYRQHXFK,KUVROOWGHQDQHUNHQQHQGHQHUJHVDQGW
KDWXQG1/'LHVLVWGHU:LOOH*RWWHVGDVVLKUDQGHQJODXEWGHQHUJHVDQGWKDW

-RKDQQHV

+HLOLJHVLHLQGHLQHU:DKU /DVVLKQHQGHLQH:DKUKHLW /DVLHLQGHLQHUJ|WWOLFKHQ
KHLWGHLQ:RUWLVW:DKUKHLW OHXFKWHQGDPLWVLHLQLPPHU :LUNOLFKNHLWOHEHQXQGZHLKHVLH
HQJHUHU*HPHLQVFKDIWPLWGLU GDGXUFK]XP'LHQVW'HLQ:RUW
OHEHQ'HLQ:RUWLVWGLH:DKU HUVFKOLHWGLHVH:LUNOLFKNHLW
KHLW

+)$]HLJWZLHGLHPRGHUQHQhEHUVHW]HUPLW=HQWUDOEHJULIIHQGHUELEOLVFKHQ2IIHQED
UXQJ XPJHKHQ ]X GHQHQ DXFK KHLOLJHQ JHK|UW VLH ZHUGHQ XPVFKULHEHQ PLW
PHQVFKOLFKIODFKHQ$XVGHXWXQJHQGLH ZLFKWLJH%HGHXWXQJVEHUHLFKHGHVELEOLVFKHQ
%HJULIIHVDXVODVVHQRGHUVRJDUYHUGXQNHOQ'LH)RUPXOLHUXQJEHL*1JHKWQRFKZHL
WHU XQG EULQJW HLQH EOH PRGHUQWKHRORJLVFK JHIlUEWH 8PGHXWXQJ GLH GHQ 1DPHQ
hEHUVHW]XQJ LQ NHLQHU:HLVHYHUGLHQW :DKUKHLW LVW HWZDV DQGHUHV DOV :LUNOLFK
NHLW $EHU GLH $XIO|VXQJ DOOHU DEVROXWHQ :DKUKHLW JHK|UW JHQDXVR ]XP 3URJUDPP
GHUOLEHUDOHQ7KHRORJLHZLHDXFKGLH7UHQQXQJGHU:DKUKHLWYRP:RUW*RWWHV'HLQ
:RUWLVW:DKUKHLWGDUDXINDQQGHU*ODXEHUXKHQVRNODUXQGHLQIDFKKDWGHU6RKQ
*RWWHVHVJHVDJWXQGJHPHLQW'HLQ:RUWHUVFKOLHWGLHVH:LUNOLFKNHLWGDVLVWGLH
YHUGUHKWH6SUDFKHGHU3KLORVRSKLHGDV*HVFKZlW]GHU6FKODQJHGDVGHQ*ODXEHQ
]HUVW|UW$XFKEHL1/ZLUGGLHNODUH$XVVDJHGHV2ULJLQDOVYHUZlVVHUW5HLQLJHVLH
XQGKHLOLJHVLHLQGHPGXVLHGHLQH:RUWHGHU:DKUKHLWOHKUVW

5|PHU

'HQQLFKVFKlPHPLFK ,FKVFKlPHPLFKQLFKWIU =XU*XWHQ1DFKULFKWEH
GHV(YDQJHOLXPVYRQ&KUL GLHUHWWHQGH%RWVFKDIW6LHLVW NHQQHLFKPLFKRIIHQXQGRKQH
VWXVQLFKWGHQQHVLVW*RWWHV HLQH.UDIW*RWWHVGLHDOOHEH 6FKHX,QLKULVWGLH.UDIW*RW
.UDIW]XU(UUHWWXQJIUMHGHQ IUHLWGLHGDUDXIYHUWUDXHQ]X WHVDP:HUNXQGUHWWHWDOOH
GHUJODXEW]XHUVWIUGHQ HUVWGLH-XGHQGDQQDEHUDXFK GLHGHU%RWVFKDIWJODXEHQXQG
-XGHQGDQQDXFKIUGHQ DOOHDQGHUHQ0HQVFKHQ VLHLP9HUWUDXHQDQQHKPHQ
*ULHFKHQ 'XUFKVLH]HLJW*RWWZLHHU DQHUVWHU6WHOOHGLH*ODXEHQ
GHQQHVZLUGGDULQJHRI LVW(UVRUJWGDIUGDVVXQVHUH GHQDXVGHPMGLVFKHQ9RON
IHQEDUWGLH*HUHFKWLJNHLW*RW 6FKXOGJHVKQWZLUGXQGZLUPLW XQGGDQQDXFKGLHDXVGHQ
WHVDXV*ODXEHQ]XP*ODX LKP*HPHLQVFKDIWKDEHQN|Q DQGHUHQ9|ONHUQ
EHQZLHJHVFKULHEHQVWHKW QHQ'LHVJHVFKLHKWZHQQZLU ,QGHU*XWHQ1DFKULFKW
'HU*HUHFKWHZLUGDXV XQVDOOHLQDXIGDVYHUODVVHQ PDFKW*RWWVHLQH*HUHFKWLJNHLW
*ODXEHQOHEHQ ZDV*RWWIUXQVJHWDQKDW6R RIIHQEDUVHLQHUHWWHQGH7UHXH
KHLWHVVFKRQLQGHU+HLOLJHQ GLHVHOEVWIUGDVDXINRPPW
6FKULIW1XUGHUZLUG*RWWHV ZDVHUYRP0HQVFKHQIRUGHUW
$QHUNHQQXQJILQGHQXQGOHEHQ 1XUDXIGHQYHUWUDXHQGHQ
GHULKPYHUWUDXW *ODXEHQNRPPWHVDQXQG
DOOHVLQG]XVROFKHP*ODXEHQ
DXIJHUXIHQ6RVWHKWHVMDLQ
GHQ+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWHQ:HU
GXUFKYHUWUDXHQGHQ*ODXEHQ
YRU*RWWDOVJHUHFKWJLOWZLUG
OHEHQ

'LH /HKUDXVVDJHQ GHU %ULHIH VLQG EHVRQGHUV VWDUN YRQ GHQ 8PGHXWXQJHQ HLJHQ
PlFKWLJHQ=XVlW]HQXQGWKHRORJLVFKHQ9HUZlVVHUXQJHQGHUPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQ
JHQ EHWURIIHQ(VVHLGHP/HVHUHPSIRKOHQ KLHUVHOEVWHLQPDOGHQ JDQ]HQ5|PHU
EULHI GHQ *DODWHU (SKHVHU XQG .RORVVHUEULHI GDUDXIKLQ GXUFK]XVHKHQ +LHU N|Q
QHQ QXU HLQLJH ZHQLJH %HLVSLHOH DQJHIKUW ZHUGHQ $Q GLHVHU 6WHOOH IDOOHQ GLH
PHQVFKOLFKWKHRORJLVFK JHIlUEWHQ 8PVFKUHLEXQJHQ DXI GLH VWDWW GHU SUl]LVHQ
6FKOVVHOZRUWHGHV2ULJLQDOVJHVHW]WZHUGHQXQGGLHIU1HEHOLQGHU/HKUHVRUJHQ
1XU NXU]DQJHGHXWHWEHIUHLW+)$LVWQLFKW JOHLFK]XU(UUHWWXQJEHL*1LVW QLFKW
GDV(YDQJHOLXP*RWWHV.UDIWVRQGHUQLQLKPLVWQXU*RWWHV.UDIWDP:HUNHLQEH

GHXWVDPHU 8QWHUVFKLHG 0HQVFKHQZRUWH HUVHW]HQ *RWWHV HZLJHV :RUW *HUHFKW
VHLQLVWHWZDVDQGHUHVDOV*RWWHV$QHUNHQQXQJILQGHQ

.RULQWKHU

'HQQZLUVLQGQLFKWZLHVR 1XQZLUPDFKHQMHGHQIDOOVPLW 9LHOHYHUEUHLWHQGLH%RWVFKDIW
YLHOHGLHGDV:RUW*RWWHV *RWWHV%RWVFKDIWNHLQH*H *RWWHVZLHPDQHLQ*HVFKlIW
YHUIlOVFKHQVRQGHUQDXV VFKlIWHZLHVRPDQFKHDQGH EHWUHLEW,FKGDJHJHQYHUNQGH
/DXWHUNHLWYRQ*RWWDXVUH UH:LUUHGHQLQDOOHU$XIULFK VLHY|OOLJXQHLJHQQW]LJ,FK
GHQZLUYRUGHP$QJHVLFKW WLJNHLWXQGLQ*RWWHV$XIWUDJ UHGHDOVHLQHUGHU&KULVWXV
*RWWHVLQ&KULVWXV ZHLOZLUPLW&KULVWXVHQJYHU GLHQW:DVLFKVDJHNRPPWYRQ
EXQGHQVLQGXQGXQV*RWWYHU *RWWGHPLFKPLFKYHUDQWZRUW
DQWZRUWOLFKZLVVHQ OLFKZHL

$Q ]DKOUHLFKHQ6WHOOHQZLUGGHUIHVW JHSUlJWH%HJULIIGDV:RUW*RWWHV GDV:RUW
GHV +HUUQ YRQ GHQ PRGHUQHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ DXIJHO|VW XQG PLW DQGHUHQ %HJULIIHQ
RGHU)RUPXOLHUXQJHQHUVHW]W'DVHQWVSULFKWJDQ]GHUYHUGHUEOLFKHQ0HWKRGHGLHVHU
hEHUWUDJXQJHQGDV:257ZLUGYRQGHU%RWVFKDIWJHO|VWXQGGXUFKVLHHUVHW]W6R
HUVHW]W+)$]% LQ7K GDVYRQ XQVYHUNQGLJWH:RUW *RWWHVGXUFK XQVHUH
3UHGLJW,Q7KKHLWHV'HQQGDVVDJHQZLUHXFKLQHLQHP:RUWGHV+HUUQ
+)$ PDFKW GDUDXV 'HQQ GDV KDW XQV GHU +HUU JDQ] JHZLVV ]XJHVDJW ,Q 5|P
OHVHQ ZLU 'HPQDFK NRPPW GHU *ODXEH DXV GHU 9HUNQGLJXQJ GLH 9HUNQGL
JXQJDEHUGXUFK*RWWHV:RUW'DUDXVPDFKW+)$'RFKHVEOHLEWGDEHL'HU*ODX
EHNRPPWDXVGHP+|UHQGHU%RWVFKDIWXQGGLHVHJUQGHWVLFKDXIGDVZDV&KUL
VWXVJHVDJWKDW'HUNODUH%HJULII:RUW*RWWHVZLUGDXIJHO|VWXQGGXUFKHLQH+DQG
OXQJVEHVFKUHLEXQJ HUVHW]W 'LH (UVHW]XQJ YRQ *RWW GXUFK &KULVWXV IROJW GHP
1HVWOH$ODQG7H[W $P (QGH GHV9HUVHV YHUVFKZLQGHW GDV ZLFKWLJH LQ &KULVWXV
KLQWHU YHUVFKZRPPHQHQ XQG XQ]XOlQJOLFKHQ 8PVFKUHLEXQJHQ 9RU GHP $QJHVLFKW
*RWWHVVDJWPHKUDXV]%LQ6HLQHU*HJHQZDUWYRU6HLQHQSUIHQGHQ$XJHQDOV
GHUPHQVFKHQJHPDFKWH(UVDW]

(SKHVHU

'HQQ(ULVWXQVHU)ULHGH 'XUFK&KULVWXVKDEHQZLU &KULVWXVLVWHVGHUXQVDOOHQ
)ULHGHQ GHQ)ULHGHQJHEUDFKWKDW

+LHUVHKHQZLUHLQ%HLVSLHOGDIUZLHWLHIHJHLVWOLFKH:DKUKHLWHQXQG2IIHQEDUXQJHQ
GXUFK GLH YHUPHQVFKOLFKHQGH 8PGHXWXQJ YHUIlOVFKW ZHUGHQ 'DV :257 VDJW (U
&KULVWXV LVW XQVHU )ULHGH GK XQVHU )ULHGH LVW LQ LKP EHJUQGHW DQ 6HLQH 3HUVRQ
JHEXQGHQ YRQ ,KP MHGHU]HLW DEKlQJLJ %HL +)$ ZLUG GHU 0HQVFK GDV 6XEMHNW ZLU
KDEHQ )ULHGHQ HU JHK|UW VR]XVDJHQ XQV XQG &KULVWXV ZLUG ]XP ,QVWUXPHQW JH
PDFKW,P*UXQGHILQGHWGLHVHOEH9HUGUHKXQJEHL*1VWDWWQXUGDGLH)RUPXOLHUXQJ
YRUVLFKWLJHULVWbKQOLFK1/'HQQ&KULVWXVVHOEVWEUDFKWH)ULHGHQ

7LP
6FKODFKWHU +RIIQXQJIUDOOH 1HXH*HQIHUhEHUVHW]XQJ

VRQGHUQGXUFKJXWH:HU 'HUZDKUH6FKPXFNGHU VRQGHUQVLFKGDGXUFKDXV
NHZLHHVVLFKIU)UDXHQ )UDXHQLVWHV*XWHV]XWXQ ]HLFKQHQGDVVVLH*XWHVWXQ
JH]LHPWGLHVLFK]XU*RWWHV 'DPLW]HLJHQVLHGDVLH*RWW GDVLVWGHUZDKUH6FKPXFNYRQ
IXUFKWEHNHQQHQ OLHEHQXQGHKUHQ )UDXHQGLHVLFK]X*RWWEHNHQ
(LQH)UDXVROOLQGHU6WLOOH 'LH)UDXVROOOHUQHQVLFKLQ QHQXQGLKQHKUHQ
OHUQHQLQDOOHU8QWHURUGQXQJ GHU*HPHLQGHXQWHU]XRUGQHQ (LQH)UDXVROOVWLOOXQGPLW
$EHULFKJHVWDWWHHLQHU XQGVWLOO]X]XK|UHQ JDQ]HU%HUHLWVFKDIW]XU8QWHU
)UDXQLFKW]XOHKUHQDXFK (LQHU)UDXHUODXEHLFK RUGQXQJDXIGDVK|UHQZDVLP
QLFKWGDVLHEHUGHQ0DQQ QLFKW|IIHQWOLFK]XOHKUHQRGHU *RWWHVGLHQVWJHOHKUWZLUG
KHUUVFKWVRQGHUQVLHVROO VLFKEHUGHQ0DQQ]XHUKH ,FKJHVWDWWHHVHLQHU)UDX
VLFKVWLOOYHUKDOWHQ EHQ6LHVROOYLHOPHKUVWLOOXQG QLFKWYRUYHUVDPPHOWHU*H
]XUFNKDOWHQGVHLQ PHLQGH]XOHKUHQXQGVLFKGD
PLWEHUGHQ0DQQ]XVWHOOHQ
VLHVROOVLFKYLHOPHKUVWLOOYHUKDO
WHQ

+LHUIlOOWDXIZLHGHUELEOLVFKH*UXQGEHJULIIGHU*RWWHVIXUFKWHOHJDQWXQGGHP=HLW
JHLVWHQWVSUHFKHQGXPJDQJHQ XQGDXVJHO|VFKW ZLUG *RWWHKUHQVRDXFK1HXHV
/HEHQLVWQLFKWGDVVHOEHZLH*RWWIUFKWHQ'LHHUNOlUHQGHQ=XVlW]HLQGHU*H
PHLQGH |IIHQWOLFK XVZ VLQG JHQDX EHWUDFKWHW XQ]XOlVVLJH (LQVFKUlQNXQJHQ GHU
$XVVDJHQGHV3DXOXVGLHGDVLQVSLULHUWH:RUWQLFKWPDFKWXQGGLHQLFKWLQHLQH]X
YHUOlVVLJHhEHUVHW]XQJJHK|UHQ1DFK+)$XQG1*hN|QQWHQ)UDXHQLQ+DXVNUHL
VHQ XQG EHL DQGHUHQ *HOHJHQKHLWHQ GXUFKDXV OHKUHQ GDV 9HUERW EHL 3DXOXV GDJH
JHQLVWLQNHLQHU:HLVHDXIGLH*HPHLQGHYHUVDPPOXQJEHVFKUlQNW'DV9HUERWEHU
GHQ0DQQ]XKHUUVFKHQE]Z$XWRULWlWDXV]XEHQEHGHXWHW]%GDHLQHU)UDXGLH
7HLOQDKPH DQ GHU *HPHLQGHOHLWXQJ RGHU DXFK GLH /HLWXQJ HLQHV +DXVNUHLVHV YRQ
0lQQHUQXQG)UDXHQ QLFKWJHVWDWWHWLVW'LHEHZXWIULVLHUWHhEHUVHW]XQJEHL+)$
OlWGDVRIIHQZHLOHVGDQDFKDQJHEOLFKQXUXPHLQHLQQHUH+DOWXQJJHKWVLFKEHU
GHQ0DQQHUKHEHQ1RFKZHLWHUJHKWGLH1*h6LHGHXWHWGDVHLJHQVWlQGLJQHEHQ
GDV /HKUYHUERW JHVWHOOWH 9HUERW $XWRULWlW DXV]XEHQ DOV HLQHQ HUNOlUHQGHQ =XVDW]
XP XQG UDXEW VR GHU $XVVDJH LKUHQ *UXQGVDW]FKDUDNWHU 'DV LVW 9HUIlOVFKXQJ GHU
6FKULIWLP6LQQHPRGHUQHYDQJHOLNDOHU$EZHLFKXQJHQYRQ*RWWHV2UGQXQJHQbKQOL
FKHVILQGHWPDQEULJHQVDXFKEHL.RULQWKHUZR*1]%EHUVHW]W:LHHV
EHLDOOHQFKULVWOLFKHQ*HPHLQGHQEOLFKLVW>DOVRDQJHEOLFKQXU6LWWH@VROOHQGLH)UDX
HQLQHXUHQ*HPHLQGHQVFKZHLJHQ6LHGUIHQQLFKWOHKUHQ>2ULJLQDOUHGHQ@VRQGHUQ
VROOHQ VLFK XQWHURUGQHQ (V VWHKW ]X HUZDUWHQ GD VROFKH 8PGHXWXQJHQ XQG
9HUIlOVFKXQJHQLP6LQQHGHV:HOWXQG=HLWJHLVWHVLQNQIWLJHQ$XVJDEHQGHUIUHLHQ
hEHUWUDJXQJHQ QRFK ]XQHKPHQ ZHUGHQ 'RUW ZR GLH %LQGXQJ DQ GLH LQVSLULHUWHQ
:RUWH *RWWHV DXIJHJHEHQ ZXUGH ZLUG VLFK GHU XQKHLOLJH 0HQVFKHQJHLVW PHKU XQG
PHKUKLQHLQGUlQJHQXQGGLH%LEHOQDFKVHLQHP*XWGQNHQXPGHXWHQ

3W

(EHQVRLKU-QJHUHQ 'HQMXQJHQ/HXWHQXQWHUHXFK (XFK-QJHUHQDEHUVDJHLFK
RUGQHWHXFKGHQbOWHVWHQ VDJHLFK2UGQHWHXFKGHQ/HL 2UGQHWHXFKGHQbOWHVWHQXQWHU
XQWHULKUDOOHVROOWHXFKJH WHUQHXUHU*HPHLQGHQXQWHU hEHUKDXSWPWLKUGDVVDJH
JHQVHLWLJXQWHURUGQHQXQG 8QGIUHXFKDOOHJLOW+WHW LFKDOOHQLP8PJDQJPLWHLQ
PLW'HPXWEHNOHLGHQ'HQQ HXFKYRU+RFKPXW'HQQGLH DQGHUMHGHhEHUKHEOLFKNHLWDE
*RWWZLGHUVWHKWGHQ+RFK +RFKPWLJHQZHLVW*RWWYRQ OHJHQ,KUZLWGRFK*RWWZL
PWLJHQGHQ'HPWLJHQ VLFKDEHUHUKLOIWGHQHQGLH GHUVHW]WVLFKGHQhEHUKHEOL
DEHUJLEWHU*QDGH ZLVVHQGDVVVLHLKQEUDXFKHQ FKHQDEHUGHQHQGLHJHULQJ
6RGHPWLJWHXFKQXQ 'HVKDOEEHXJWHXFKXQWHU YRQVLFKGHQNHQZHQGHWHU
XQWHUGLHJHZDOWLJH+DQG *RWWHVPlFKWLJH+DQG*RWW VHLQH/LHEH]X
*RWWHVGDPLWHUHXFKHUK| ZLUGHXFKDXIULFKWHQZHQQVHL %HXJWHXFKDOVRXQWHU*RWWHV
KH]XVHLQHU=HLW QH=HLWGDLVW VWDUNH+DQGGDPLWHUHXFKHU
K|KHQNDQQZHQQGLH=HLWJH
NRPPHQLVW

+LHU VHKHQ ZLU ZLHGHU GLH =HUVW|UXQJ ZLFKWLJHU ELEOLVFKHU %HJULIIH (LQH VR ZLFKWLJH
FKULVWOLFKH7XJHQGZLHGLH'HPXWSDWQLFKWPHKULQGDVKHXWLJH'HXWVFKRGHUGHQ
KHXWLJHQ=HLWJHLVW"$OVRZLUGVLHY|OOLJZLOONUOLFKGXUFKGDV*HJHQWHLOXPVFKULHEHQ
'DPLW ZLUG GLH $XVVDJH GHV:RUWHV *RWWHV DEJHlQGHUW *HQDXVR IlOOW GLH *QDGH
ZLHGHU GHQ 8PIRUPXOLHUHUQ ]XP 2SIHU +)$ OlW VLH ]X HLQHP 7lWLJNHLWVZRUW YHU
NPPHUQKLOIW*1HUVHW]WVLHGXUFK/LHEH

2IIHQEDUXQJ
6FKODFKWHU +RIIQXQJIUDOOH 1HXHV/HEHQ

$EHULFKKDEHJHJHQGLFK $EHUGDVHLQHKDEHLFKJHJHQ $EHULFKKDEHJHJHQGLFK
GDGXGHLQHHUVWH/LHEH GLFK'HLQH/LHEHLVWQLFKWPHKU HLQ]XZHQGHQGDVVLKUPLFKXQG
YHUODVVHQKDVW VRVWDUNZLHIUKHU HXFKHLQDQGHUQLFKWPHKUVR
%HGHQNHQXQZRYRQGX (ULQQHUHGLFKGDUDQPLWZHO OLHEWZLHDP$QIDQJ
JHIDOOHQELVWXQGWXH%XH FKHU+LQJDEHGXHLQPDOEHJRQ (UNHQQHGRFKZLHZHLWGX
XQGWXHGLHHUVWHQ:HUNH QHQKDVW:DVLVWGDYRQJHEOLH GLFKYRQGHLQHUHUVWHQ/LHEH
EHQ".HKUHXPXQGKDQGOH HQWIHUQWKDVW.HKUHZLHGHU]X
ZLHGHUVRZLH]X%HJLQQ PLU]XUFNXQGEHPKHGLFK
VRZLHGXHVDP$QIDQJJHWDQ
KDVW

:LHHLQSUlJVDPXQGGXUFKERKUHQGIUGDV*HZLVVHQVLQGGRFKGLHEHUKPWHQ:RU
WHXQVHUHV+HUUQLQ2IIE:DVPDFKHQGLH%LEHOQLQKHXWLJHP'HXWVFKGDUDXV"
(OHJDQW DEJHIHGHUWH 9RUKDOWXQJHQ YHUZlVVHUW GXUFK EHUIOVVLJH +LQ]XIJXQJHQ
'LH HUQVWHQ XQG DXFK KDUWHQ :RUWH YHUODVVHQ XQG JHIDOOHQ ZHUGHQ VR DXIJH
ZHLFKW GD GLH *HZLVVHQ QLFKW PHKU HUQVWOLFK JHWURIIHQ ZHUGHQ N|QQHQ 'DVVHOEH
VHKHQZLUEHL*1(XUH/LHEHLVWQLFKWPHKUVRZLHDP$QIDQJXQGEHL1*hGX
OLHEVWPLFKQLFKWPHKUVRZLHDP$QIDQJ

F:HLWHUH=LWDWH

'LH9HUIlOVFKXQJGHUELEOLVFKHQ/HKUHYRQGHU7DXIH

6FKODFKWHU +RIIQXQJIUDOOH *XWH1DFKULFKW 1HXHV/HEHQ

.RU .RU .RU .RU
'HQQZLUVLQGMDDOOH :LUKDEHQDOOHGHQ 'HQQZLUDOOH-XGHQ $EHUZLUKDEHQDOOHGHQ
GXUFKHLQHQ*HLVWLQ VHOEHQ*HLVWHPS ZLH*ULHFKHQ0HQ VHOEHQ*HLVWHPSIDQJHQ
HLQHQ/HLEKLQHLQJH IDQJHQXQGJHK|UHQ VFKHQLP6NODYHQ XQGJHK|UHQGXUFKGLH
WDXIWZRUGHQ GXUFKGLH7DXIH]X VWDQGZLH)UHLHVLQG 7DXIH]XP/HLE&KULVWL
GHPHLQHQ/HLE&KUL LQGHU7DXIHGXUFK
VWL GHQVHOEHQ*HLVWLQ
GHQHLQHQ/HLELQ
&KULVWXVHLQJHJOLH
GHUW

*DO *DO *DO *DO
'HQQLKUDOOHGLHLKU ,KUJHK|UW]X&KUL 'HQQDOVLKULQGHU 'HQQLKUDOOHGLHLKUDXI
LQ&KULVWXVKLQHLQ VWXVZHLOLKUDXIVHL 7DXIH&KULVWXVEHU &KULVWXVJHWDXIWZRUGHQ
JHWDXIWVHLGLKUKDEW QHQ1DPHQJHWDXIW HLJQHWZXUGHWKDEWLKU VHLGJHK|UWQXQ]X&KUL
&KULVWXVDQJH]RJHQ VHLG &KULVWXVDQJH]RJHQ VWXV
ZLHHLQ*HZDQG

(SK (SK (SK (SK
GDPLWHUVLHKHLOL GDPLWVLHLKP XPVLHUHLQXQG GDPLWVLHEHIUHLWYRQ
JHQDFKGHPHUVLH JDQ]JHK|UW'XUFK KHLOLJ]XPDFKHQLP 6FKXOGJDQ]LKPJHK|UW
JHUHLQLJWKDWGXUFK VHLQ:RUWXQGGXUFK :DVVHUGHU7DXIHXQG UHLQJHZDVFKHQGXUFK
GDV:DVVHUEDGLP GDV:DVVHUGHU7DX GXUFKGDVGDEHL GLH7DXIHXQG*RWWHV
:RUW IHKDWHUVLHYRQDOOHU JHVSURFKHQH:RUW :RUW
6FKXOGJHUHLQLJW

.RO .RO .RO .RO
GDLKUPLWLKPEH 'HQQGXUFKGLH7DX 'LHVJHVFKDKLQGHU 'HQQDOVLKUJHWDXIWZXU
JUDEHQVHLGLQGHU IHLVWHXHUDOWHV/H &KULVWXV GHWZXUGHWLKUPLW
7DXIH,QLKPVHLGLKU EHQEHHQGHWLKU %HVFKQHLGXQJGHU &KULVWXVEHJUDEHQ8QG
DXFKPLWDXIHUZHFNW ZXUGHWPLW&KULVWXV 7DXIH$OVLKUJHWDXIW LKUZXUGHWPLWLKP]X
ZRUGHQGXUFKGHQ EHJUDEHQ$EHULKU ZXUGHWVHLGLKUPLW QHXHP/HEHQDXIHU
*ODXEHQDQGLH VHLGDXFKPLWLKP]X &KULVWXVEHJUDEHQ ZHFNW
.UDIWZLUNXQJ*RWWHV HLQHPQHXHQ/HEHQ ZRUGHQXQGGXUFKGLH
GHULKQDXVGHQ7RWHQ DXIHUZHFNWZRU 7DXIHVHLGLKUDXFK
DXIHUZHFNWKDW GHQ PLWLKP]XVDPPHQ
DXIHUZHFNWZRUGHQ

3W 3W 3W 3W
LQGHUZHQLJH $EHUQXUDFKW 1XUZHQLJH 1XUDFKW0HQ
QlPOLFKDFKW6HHOHQ 0HQVFKHQZXUGHQLQ 0HQVFKHQQlPOLFK VFKHQZXUGHQYRUGHP
KLQGXUFKJHUHWWHWZXU GHU$UFKHYRUGHU DFKWZXUGHQGDPDOV (UWULQNHQLQMHQHU)OXW
GHQGXUFKGDV:DV :DVVHUIOXWJHUHWWHW LQGLH$UFKHDXIJH JHUHWWHW
VHU 6RZLHGLHVHDFKW QRPPHQXQGGXUFK 'DVLVWHLQ%LOGIU
ZHOFKHVMHW]WDXFK 0HQVFKHQGDPDOV GDV:DVVHUJHUHWWHW GLH7DXIHGLHHXFKMHW]W
XQVLQHLQHPELOGOL HUIDKUWLKUKHXWHHXUH GDVGLH$UFKHWUXJ UHWWHW
FKHQ6LQQUHWWHWGXUFK 5HWWXQJLQGHU7DX 'DVLVWHLQ+LQZHLV
GLH7DXIHGLHQLFKW IH DXIGDV:DVVHUGHU
HLQ$EWXQGHU8QUHLQ 7DXIHGLHHXFKMHW]W
KHLWGHV)OHLVFKHVLVW UHWWHW
VRQGHUQGDV=HXJQLV
HLQHVJXWHQ*HZLV
VHQVYRU*RWWGXUFK
GLH$XIHUVWHKXQJ-H
VX&KULVWL

$XVGHP17YRQ1HXHV/HEHQ

0W'DQQVDJWH-HVXV.RPPWDOOHKHU]XPLUGLHLKUPGHVHLGXQGVFKZHUH/DVWHQ
WUDJWLFKZLOOHXFK5XKHVFKHQNHQ1HKPWPHLQ-RFKDXIHXFK,FKZLOOHXFKOHKUHQGHQQLFKELQ
GHPWLJXQGIUHXQGOLFKXQGHXUH6HHOHZLUGEHLPLU]XU5XKHNRPPHQ'HQQPHLQ-RFKSDW
HXFKJHQDXXQGGLH/DVWGLHLFKHXFKDXIOHJHLVWOHLFKW

0W-HVXVDQWZRUWHWHLKQHQ/DVVWHXFKYRQQLHPDQGHPHWZDVZHLVPDFKHQ>6FKO+DEW
DFKWGDHXFKQLHPDQGYHUIKUW@

0W'RFKDOOGDVZLUGHUVWGHU$QIDQJGHU6FKUHFNHQVHLQGLHDXIHXFK]XNRPPHQ>6FKO
'LHVDOOHVLVWGHU$QIDQJGHU:HKHQ@

0W(UZDU]XWLHIVWYHU]ZHLIHOWXQGVFKUHFNOLFKH$QJVWTXlOWHLKQ(UJLQJQRFKHLQ
ELVVFKHQZHLWHUVDQN]X%RGHQXQGEHWHWH0HLQ9DWHU:HQQHVP|JOLFKLVWODVVGLHVHQ.HOFK
GHV/HLGHVDQPLUYRUEHUJHKHQ'RFKLFKZLOOGHLQHQ:LOOHQWXQQLFKWPHLQHQ

0W:LHGHUVDJWH3HWUXV,FKVFKZ|UHEHL*RWWLFKNHQQHGLHVHQ0DQQQLFKW>6FKO'D
ILQJHUDQ>VLFK@]XYHUIOXFKHQXQG]XVFKZ|UHQ,FKNHQQHGHQ0HQVFKHQQLFKW@

0N 'D YHUVFKZDQG GDV )LHEHU XQG VLH VWDQG DXI XQG PDFKWH LKQHQ HWZDV ]X HVVHQ
>6FKOXQGGDV)LHEHUYHUOLHVLHVRJOHLFKXQGVLHGLHQWHLKQHQ@

0N$OVVLHVLFKXPVFKDXWHQZDUHQ0RVHXQG(OLDYHUVFKZXQGHQXQGQXU-HVXVZDUQRFK
EHLLKQHQ>6FKO8QGSO|W]OLFKDOVVLHXPKHUEOLFNWHQVDKHQVLHQLHPDQGPHKUEHLVLFKDOV-H
VXVDOOHLQ@

5|P'HQQLFKVHKQHPLFKGDQDFKHXFK]XEHVXFKHQXQGGHQ6HJHQGHV+HLOLJHQ*HL
VWHVPLWHXFK]XWHLOHQ

.RU'RFKZHQQDP(QGHGDV9ROONRPPHQHHUVFKHLQWZLUGGDVZHQLJHDXIK|UHQ

.RU6RVLQGZLUQLFKWDXIGDV6FKZHUHIL[LHUWGDVZLUMHW]WVHKHQVRQGHUQEOLFNHQQDFK
YRUQDXIGDVZDVZLUQRFKQLFKWJHVHKHQKDEHQ>6FKOGDZLUQLFKWDXIGDV6LFKWEDUHVHKHQ
VRQGHUQDXIGDV8QVLFKWEDUH@

3KLO*HKWVRPLWHLQDQGHUXPZLH&KULVWXVHVHXFKYRUJHOHEWKDW>6FKO'HQQLKUVROOWVR
JHVLQQWVHLQZLHHV&KULVWXV-HVXVDXFKZDU@

3KLO,FKKRIIHLKUGLHLKUJODXEWVWLPPWGDULQPLWPLUEHUHLQ>6FKO/DWXQVDOOHGLHZLU
JHUHLIWVLQGVRJHVLQQWVHLQ@

.RO'HQNWQLFKWDQZHOWOLFKH$QJHOHJHQKHLWHQVRQGHUQNRQ]HQWULHUWHXUH*HGDQNHQDXILKQ
>6FKO7UDFKWHWQDFKGHPZDVGUREHQLVWQLFKWQDFKGHPZDVDXI(UGHQLVW@

.RO'HVKDOEVROOWLKUGLH6FKZlFKHQGHU:HOWLQHXFKDEW|WHQ>6FKO7|WHWGDKHUHXUH*OLH
GHUGLHDXI(UGHQVLQG@

$XVGHP17$XVZDKOEDQGGHU1HXHQ*HQIHUhEHUVHW]XQJ1*h

0W 1XU ZHJHQ HXUHU 8QHLQVLFKWLJNHLW >6FKO ZHJHQ GHU +lUWLJNHLW HXUHV +HU]HQV@ KDW
0RVHHXFKHUODXEWHXFKYRQHXUHQ)UDXHQ]XVFKHLGHQ

0W'HU*HLVWLVWZLOOLJDEHUGLHPHQVFKOLFKH1DWXU>6FKOGDV)OHLVFK@LVWVFKZDFK

0W 3HWUXVEHJDQQ 9HUZQVFKXQJHQ DXV]XVWRHQ>6FKO 'DILQJ HUDQ >VLFK@ ]X YHUIOX
FKHQ@XQGVFKZRU,FKNHQQHGHQ0HQVFKHQQLFKW

-RK-HVXVHUZLGHUWH,VWHVGHLQH6DFKHOLHEH)UDXPLU]XVDJHQZDVLFK]XWXQKDEH"
>6FKO)UDXZDVKDEHLFKPLWGLU]XWXQ"@

-RK $EHU GLH =HLW NRPPW MD VLH LVW VFKRQGD ZR 0HQVFKHQ *RWWDOV GHQ9DWHU DQEHWHQ
ZHUGHQ 0HQVFKHQ GLH YRP *HLVW HUIOOW VLQG XQG GLH :DKUKHLW HUNDQQW KDEHQ 'DV VLQG GLH
ZDKUHQ$QEHWHUVRP|FKWHGHU9DWHUGLHKDEHQGLHLKQDQEHWHQ>6FKOZRGLHZDKUHQ$QEH
WHUGHQ9DWHULP*HLVWXQGLQGHU:DKUKHLWDQEHWHQZHUGHQGHQQGHU9DWHUVXFKWVROFKH$QEH
WHU@

$SJ/LHEH*HVFKZLVWHULKUHUODXEWPLUVLFKHUHVRIIHQDXV]XVSUHFKHQ>6FKO,KU0lQQHU
XQG%UGHU@

$SJ'DZDQGWHQVLHVLFKGHP+HUUQ]XXQGJODXEWHQDQLKQ>6FKOXQGVLHEHNHKUWHQVLFK
]XGHP+HUUQ%HNHKUXQJNRPPWQLFKWPHKUYRU@

5|P)ROJWGDVHWZDDXVGHP*HVHW]"6RIHUQGDV*HVHW]]XEHVWLPPWHQ/HLVWXQJHQDXI
IRUGHUWQHLQVRIHUQGDV*HVHW]MHGRFK]XP*ODXEHQDXIIRUGHUWMD>6FKO'XUFKZHOFKHV*H
VHW]"'DVGHU:HUNH"1HLQVRQGHUQGXUFKGDV*HVHW]GHV*ODXEHQV@

5|P 'HQQ GHU PHQVFKOLFKH (LJHQZLOOH VWHKW GHP :LOOHQ *RWWHV IHLQGOLFK JHJHQEHU
>6FKO ZHLOQlPOLFKGDV 7UDFKWHQGHV )OHLVFKHV)HLQGVFKDIWJHJHQ *RWW LVW@ HUXQWHUVWHOOW VLFK
GHP*HVHW]*RWWHVQLFKWXQGLVWGD]XDXFKJDUQLFKWIlKLJ'DUXPNDQQ*RWWDQGHPGHUVLFK
YRQVHLQHUHLJHQHQ1DWXUEHKHUUVFKHQOlVVWNHLQH)UHXGHKDEHQ>6FKOXQGGLHLP)OHLVFKVLQG
N|QQHQ*RWWQLFKWJHIDOOHQ@

7K(UPXWLJWGLHGHQHQHVDQ6HOEVWYHUWUDXHQIHKOW>6FKO7U|VWHWGLH.OHLQPWLJHQ@

+HEUXQGZXUGHYRQ*RWWEHVWlWLJWGXUFK:XQGHUXQGDXHUJHZ|KQOLFKH*HVFKHKQLVVHXQG
YLHOH DQGHUH =HLFKHQ VHLQHU 0DFKW VRZLHGDGXUFK GDVV HU XQV QDFK VHLQHPIUHLHQ (UPHVVHQ
$QWHLODPKHLOLJHQ*HLVWXQGVHLQHQ*DEHQJHJHEHQKDW>6FKOZREHL*RWWVHLQ=HXJQLVGD]X
JDE PLW =HLFKHQ XQG :XQGHUQ XQG PDQFKHUOHL .UDIWZLUNXQJHQ XQG $XVWHLOXQJHQ GHV +HLOLJHQ
*HLVWHVQDFKVHLQHP:LOOHQ@

2IIE+LHUDXI3DWPRVZXUGHLFKDQHLQHP6RQQWDJGHP7DJGHV+HUUQYRP*HLVW*RWWHV
HUJULIIHQ>6FKO,FKZDULP*HLVWDP7DJGHV+HUUQ@

2IIE:HLO GX GLFK DQ PHLQH $XIIRUGHUXQJJHKDOWHQ KDVWVWDQGKDIW ]X EOHLEHQ ZHUGH LFK
DXFK]XGLUKDOWHQXQGGLFKEHZDKUHQZHQQGLHJURH9HUVXFKXQJEHUGLH:HOWKHUHLQEULFKW
MHQH=HLWLQGHUGLHJDQ]H0HQVFKKHLWGHQ0lFKWHQGHU9HUIKUXQJDXVJHVHW]WVHLQZLUG>6FKO
:HLOGXGDV:RUWYRPVWDQGKDIWHQ+DUUHQDXIPLFKEHZDKUWKDVWZHUGHDXFKLFKGLFKEHZDKUHQ
YRUGHU6WXQGHGHU9HUVXFKXQJGLHEHUGHQJDQ]HQ(UGNUHLVNRPPHQZLUGGDPLWGLHYHUVXFKW
ZHUGHQGLHDXIGHU(UGHZRKQHQ@

$XVGHU*XWHQ1DFKULFKW%LEHO17

0W'DQQEHJDQQHU]XUHGHQXQGOHKUWHVLHZDV*RWWMHW]WYRQVHLQHP9RONYHUODQJW>LUUH
IKUHQGHU=XVDW]PHQVFKOLFKH$XVGHXWXQJ@

0W)UHXHQGUIHQVLFKDOOHGLHQXUQRFKYRQ*RWWHWZDVHUZDUWHQPLW*RWWZHUGHQVLH
OHEHQLQVHLQHUQHXHQ:HOW)UHXHQGUIHQVLFKDOOHGLHXQWHUGLHVHUKHLOORVHQ:HOWOHLGHQ*RWW
ZLUGLKUHP/HLGIULPPHUHLQ(QGHPDFKHQ)UHXHQGUIHQVLFKDOOHGLHDXI*HZDOWYHU]LFKWHQ
*RWWZLUGLKQHQGLH(UGH]XP%HVLW]JHEHQ

0W8QVHU9DWHULQGHP+LPPHO0DFKGHLQHQ1DPHQJURLQGHU:HOW>6FKO'HLQ1DPH
ZHUGHJHKHLOLJW@

0W 1XU 0XW PHLQH 7RFKWHU 'HLQ9HUWUDXHQ KDW GLUJHKROIHQ >6FKO 6HL JHWURVW PHLQH
7RFKWHU'HLQ*ODXEHKDWGLFKJHUHWWHW@

0W,KUSODJWHXFKPLWGHQ*HERWHQGLHGLH*HVHW]HVOHKUHUHXFKDXIHUOHJWKDEHQ.RPPW
DOOH]XPLULFKZLOOHXFKGLH/DVWDEQHKPHQ,FKTXlOHHXFKQLFKWXQGVHKHDXIQLHPDQGKHUDE
6WHOOWHXFKXQWHUPHLQH/HLWXQJXQGOHUQWEHLPLUGDQQILQGHWHXHU/HEHQ(UIOOXQJ:DVLFKDQ
RUGQHLVWJXWIUHXFKXQGZDVLFKHXFK]XWUDJHQJHEHLVWNHLQH/DVW

0W :HQQ GHLQ%UXGHU XQGGDV JLOWHQWVSUHFKHQGIU GLH 6FKZHVWHUHLQ 8QUHFKW EH
JDQJHQKDW>HLJHQPlFKWLJHU=XVDW]@

0W$QJVWXQGWLHIH7UDXULJNHLWEHILHOHQLKQXQGHUVDJWH]XLKQHQ,FKELQVREHGUFNW
LFKELQPLWPHLQHU.UDIWDP(QGH>6FKOXQGHUILQJDQEHWUEW]XZHUGHQXQGLKPJUDXWHVHKU
'DVSULFKWHU]XLKQHQ0HLQH6HHOHLVWWLHIEHWUEWELV]XP7RG@

-RK 'LH /LHEH ]X GHLQHP +DXV ZLUG PLFK QRFK XPEULQJHQ >6FKO 'HU (LIHU XP GHLQ
+DXVKDWPLFKYHU]HKUW@

-RK*RWWKDWGLH0HQVFKHQVRVHKUJHOLHEWGDHUVHLQHQHLQ]LJHQ6RKQKHUJDE1XQZHU
GHQDOOHGLHVLFKDXIGHQ6RKQ*RWWHVYHUODVVHQQLFKW]XJUXQGHJHKHQVRQGHUQHZLJOHEHQ

-RK6HLQ(LQIOXPXZDFKVHQPHLQHUPXDEQHKPHQ

-RK$EHU GLH 6WXQGH NRPPW XQG LVW VFKRQJHNRPPHQGD ZLUG GHU +HLOLJH *HLVWGHU
*RWWHV:DKUKHLWHQWKOOW0HQVFKHQEHIlKLJHQGHQ9DWHUDQMHGHP2UWDQ]XEHWHQ*RWWLVWJDQ]
DQGHUVDOVGLHVH:HOWHULVWPDFKWYROOHU*HLVWXQGGLHLKQDQEHWHQZROOHQPVVHQYRP*HLVW
GHU:DKUKHLWHUIOOWVHLQ>6FKOZRGLHZDKUHQ$QEHWHUGHQ9DWHULP*HLVWXQGLQGHU:DKU
KHLWDQEHWHQZHUGHQGHQQGHU9DWHUVXFKWVROFKH$QEHWHU@

-RK$PHQLFKYHUVLFKHUHHXFK:HUVLFKDQPLFKKlOWKDWGDVHZLJH/HEHQ

-RK +HUU LFK ZLOO GLU DOOHLQ JHK|UHQ VDJWH GHU 0DQQ XQG ZDUI VLFK YRU -HVXV QLHGHU
>6FKO(UDEHUVSUDFK,FKJODXEH+HUUXQGILHODQEHWHQGYRULKPQLHGHU@

-RK,FKELQGHU:HJGHQQLFKELQGLH:DKUKHLWXQGGDV/HEHQ(LQHQDQGHUHQ:HJ]XP
9DWHU JLEWHV QLFKW >6FKO ,FK ELQ GHU:HJ XQGGLH:DKUKHLW XQG GDV/HEHQQLHPDQG NRPPW
]XP9DWHUDOVQXUGXUFKPLFK@

.RU'LH%RWVFKDIWGDIUDOOH0HQVFKHQDP.UHX]GLH5HWWXQJYROOEUDFKWLVWPXGH
QHQ GLH YHUORUHQJHKHQ DOV EDUHU 8QVLQQ HUVFKHLQHQ :LU DEHU GLH JHUHWWHW ZHUGHQ HUIDKUHQ
GDULQ*RWWHV.UDIW>6FKO'HQQGDV:RUWYRP.UHX]LVWHLQH7RUKHLWGHQHQGLHYHUORUHQJHKHQ
XQVDEHUGLHZLUJHUHWWHWZHUGHQLVWHVHLQH*RWWHVNUDIW@

(SK'HQQGXUFK&KULVWXVKDWHUXQV$QWHLOJHJHEHQDQGHU)OOHGHU*DEHQVHLQHV*HLVWHV
LQGHUKLPPOLVFKHQ:HOW>6FKOGHUXQVJHVHJQHWKDWPLWMHGHPJHLVWOLFKHQ6HJHQLQGHQKLPP
OLVFKHQ>5HJLRQHQ@LQ&KULVWXV@

7LP6RZLHGLHlJ\SWLVFKHQ=DXEHUHU-DQQHVXQG-DPEUHVVLFK0RVHZLGHUVHW]WHQ>HL
JHQPlFKWLJH+LQ]XIJXQJDXVGHUMGLVFKHQ7UDGLWLRQ@

7LPGXNHQQVWDXFKVHLWGHLQHU.LQGKHLWGLH+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWHQ6LHN|QQHQGLFKGHQ
:HJGHU5HWWXQJOHKUHQGLHGLU]XWHLOZLUGGXUFKGHQ*ODXEHQGHUVLFKDXI&KULVWXVJUQGHW6LH
GLHQHQ GLU DEHU DXFK EHL GHLQHU $XIJDEH DOV /HKUHU GHU *HPHLQGH >HLJHQPlFKWLJHU =XVDW]@
'HQQMHGH6FKULIWGLHYRQ*RWWHV*HLVWHLQJHJHEHQZXUGHLVWQW]OLFKIUGLH8QWHUZHLVXQJLP
*ODXEHQIUGLH =XUHFKWZHLVXQJ XQG %HVVHUXQJ GHU ,UUHQGHQIU GLH (U]LHKXQJ ]X HLQHP/H
EHQGDV*RWWJHIlOOW0LWGHQ+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWHQLQGHU+DQGLVWGHU0HQVFKGHUVLFK*RWW]XU
9HUIJXQJJHVWHOOWKDWDXVJHUVWHWIUDOOH$XIJDEHQVHLQHV'LHQVWHV

+HEU *ODXEHQ KHLW 9HUWUDXHQ XQG LP 9HUWUDXHQ EH]HXJW VLFK GLH :LUNOLFKNHLW GHVVHQ
ZRUDXIZLUKRIIHQ'DVZDVZLUMHW]WQRFKQLFKWVHKHQLP9HUWUDXHQEHZHLVWHVVLFKVHOEVW>.HL
QH hEHUVHW]XQJ VRQGHUQ HLQH YRP *HLVW GHU 0RGHUQWKHRORJLH YHUVHXFKWH 9HUGUHKXQJ 6FKO
(VLVWDEHUGHU*ODXEHHLQHIHVWH=XYHUVLFKWDXIGDVZDVPDQKRIIWHLQHhEHU]HXJXQJYRQ7DW
VDFKHQGLHPDQQLFKWVLHKW@

$XVGHU+RIIQXQJIUDOOH17

0W'DNDPGHU7HXIHOXQGVWHOOWHLKQDXIGLH3UREH(UIRUGHUWHLKQKHUDXV:HQQGX*RW
WHV6RKQELVWGDQQPDFKDXVGLHVHQ6WHLQHQ%URW$EHU-HVXVZHKUWHDE1HLQGHQQHVVWHKW
LQGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIW'HU0HQVFKOHEWQLFKWDOOHLQYRP%URWVRQGHUQYRQDOOHPZDV*RWWLKP
]XVDJW>6FKO8QGGHU9HUVXFKHUWUDW]XLKPXQGVSUDFK:HQQGX*RWWHV6RKQELVWVRVSULFK
GD GLHVH 6WHLQH %URW ZHUGHQ (U DEHU DQWZRUWHWH XQG VSUDFK (V VWHKW JHVFKULHEHQ 'HU
0HQVFK OHEWQLFKW YRP%URWDOOHLQ VRQGHUQYRQHLQHP MHGHQ:RUWGDV DXV GHP 0XQG *RWWHV
KHUYRUJHKW@

0WVRJHKWIRUWXQGVFKWWHOWGHQ6WDXEYRQHXUHQ)HQDOV=HLFKHQGDIUGDVVLKU
GLH6WDGWGHP8UWHLO*RWWHVEHUODVVW>HLJHQPlFKWLJHUDXVGHXWHQGHU=XVDW]@

0W'DDQWZRUWHWH3HWUXV'XELVW&KULVWXVGHUYRQ*RWWJHVDQGWH5HWWHUGHU6RKQGHV
OHEHQGLJHQ*RWWHV>HLJHQPlFKWLJHUDXVGHXWHQGHU=XVDW]QLFKWJHNHQQ]HLFKQHW@

0W-HVXVDQWZRUWHWH/DVVWHXFKYRQNHLQHP0HQVFKHQWlXVFKHQXQGYHUIKUHQ>DXVJH
ODVVHQ +DEW DFKW@ 'HQQ YLHOH ZHUGHQ >DXVJHODVVHQ XQWHU PHLQHP 1DPHQ@DXIWUHWHQ XQG YRQ
VLFKEHKDXSWHQ,FKELQ&KULVWXV

0W /HKUWVLH VR ]X OHEHQ ZLH LFK HVHXFK DXIJHWUDJHQKDEH>6FKOXQG OHKUW VLHDOOHV
KDOWHQZDVLFKHXFKEHIRKOHQKDEH@

0N+|UWJHQDXDXIGDVZDVLFKHXFKVDJH>6FKO:HU2KUHQKDW]XK|UHQGHUK|UH@

0N'HQNWJHQDXGDUEHUQDFKZDVLFKHXFKJHVDJWKDEHXQGULFKWHWHXFKGDQDFK>6FKO
:HU2KUHQKDW]XK|UHQGHUK|UH@

0N$OVVLFKGLH-QJHUXPVDKHQZDUHQVLHSO|W]OLFKPLW-HVXVDOOHLQ>6FKO8QGSO|W]OLFK
DOVVLHXPKHUEOLFNWHQVDKHQVLHQLHPDQGPHKUEHLVLFKDOV-HVXVDOOHLQ@

/N+DENHLQH$QJVW0DULDUHGHWHGHU(QJHOZHLWHU*RWWKDWGLFK]XHWZDV%HVRQGHUHP
DXVHUZlKOW>6FKO)UFKWHGLFKQLFKW0DULDGHQQGXKDVW*QDGHEHL*RWWJHIXQGHQ@

-RK'DV:RUWZDUEHL*RWWXQGGDV:RUWZDU*RWWVHOEVW

-RK-HGHUGHULKPYHUWUDXWZLUGGDVHZLJH/HEHQKDEHQ'HQQ*RWWKDWGLH0HQVFKHQ
VRVHKUJHOLHEWGDVVHUVHLQHQHLQ]LJHQ6RKQIUVLHKHUJDE-HGHUGHUDQLKQJODXEWZLUGQLFKW
]XJUXQGH JHKHQ VRQGHUQ GDV HZLJH /HEHQ KDEHQ >6FKO GDPLW MHGHU GHU DQ LKQ JODXEW
QLFKWYHUORUHQJHKWVRQGHUQHZLJHV/HEHQKDW@

-RK:HUEHLPLUEOHLEWVRZLHLFKEHLLKPEOHLEHGHUWUlJWYLHO)UXFKW:HURKQHPLFK
OHEW ZLUG ZLH HLQH XQIUXFKWEDUH 5HEHDEJHVFKQLWWHQ XQG ZHJJHZRUIHQ :HQQ LKU DEHU IHVW
PLWPLUYHUEXQGHQEOHLEWXQGHXFKPHLQH:RUWH]X+HU]HQQHKPW:HQQLKUQDFKPHLQHQ*H
ERWHQ OHEW ZLUG PHLQH /LHEH HXFK XPVFKOLHHQ >6FKO :HU LQ PLU EOHLEW XQG LFK LQ LKP
:HQQMHPDQGQLFKWLQPLUEOHLEW:HQQLKULQPLUEOHLEWXQGPHLQH:RUWHLQHXFKEOHLEHQ
:HQQLKUPHLQH*HERWHKDOWHWVREOHLEWLKULQPHLQHU/LHEH@

$SJ'XVROOVWLKQHQGLH$XJHQ|IIQHQGDPLWVLHVLFKYRQGHU)LQVWHUQLVGHP/LFKW]XZHQ
GHQXQGDXVGHU+HUUVFKDIWGHV6DWDQV]X*RWWNRPPHQ>6FKOGDPLWVLHVLFKEHNHKUHQYRQGHU
)LQVWHUQLV]XP/LFKWXQGYRQGHU+HUUVFKDIWGHV6DWDQV]X*RWW@

.RU 'DVV -HVXV &KULVWXV DP .UHX] IU XQV VWDUE PXVV IUHLOLFK DOO GHQHQ GLH YHUORUHQ
JHKHQ XQVLQQLJ HUVFKHLQHQ :LU DEHU GLH JHUHWWHW ZHUGHQ HUIDKUHQ JHUDGH GXUFK GLHVH %RW
VFKDIW YRP .UHX] GLH JDQ]H 0DFKW *RWWHV >6FKO 'HQQ GDV:RUW YRP .UHX] LVW HLQH 7RUKHLW
GHQHQGLHYHUORUHQJHKHQXQVDEHUGLHZLUJHUHWWHWZHUGHQLVWHVHLQH*RWWHVNUDIW@

.RU 'HU 0HQVFK NDQQ PLW VHLQHQ QDWUOLFKHQ )lKLJNHLWHQ QLFKW HUIDVVHQ ZDV *RWWHV
*HLVW VDJW )U LKQ LVWGDVDOOHV 8QVLQQ GHQQ *RWWHV *HKHLPQLVVHHUVFKOLHHQVLFKQXU GXUFK
*RWWHV*HLVW>6FKO'HUQDWUOLFKH0HQVFKDEHUQLPPWQLFKWDQZDVYRP*HLVW*RWWHVLVWGHQQ
HVLVWLKPHLQH7RUKHLWXQGHUNDQQHVQLFKWHUNHQQHQZHLOHVJHLVWOLFKEHXUWHLOWZHUGHQPX@

.RU,FKZHUEHJHUDGH]XHLIHUVFKWLJXPHXFKVRZLH*RWWXPHXFKZLUEW:LHHLQ9DWHU
VHLQH7RFKWHUHLQHPHLQ]LJHQ0DQQDQYHUWUDXWVRP|FKWHLFKHXFKPLW&KULVWXVYHUOREHQGDPLW
LKULKPDOOHLQJHK|UW=XU=HLWDEHUIUFKWHLFKGDVVPLUGLHVQLFKWJHOLQJW'HQQZLHVFKRQDP
$QIDQJGLH6FKODQJH(YDPLWLKUHU/LVWYHUIKUWHVRN|QQWHWDXFKLKUGDYRQDEJHEUDFKWZHUGHQ
HLQ]LJXQGDOOHLQ&KULVWXV]XOLHEHQXQGDQLKQ]XJODXEHQ,KUODVVWHXFKOHLFKWYHUIKUHQ:HQQ
MHPDQG GDKHUNRPPW XQG HWZDV DQGHUHV EHU -HVXV VDJW DOV ZLU HXFK JHOHKUW KDEHQ GDQQ
VFKHQNWLKULKPEHUHLWZLOOLJ*ODXEHQ>6FKO'HQQLFKHLIHUHXPHXFKPLWJ|WWOLFKHP(LIHUGHQQ

LFKKDEHHXFKHLQHP0DQQYHUOREWXPHXFKDOVHLQHNHXVFKH-XQJIUDX&KULVWXV]X]XIKUHQ,FK
IUFKWHDEHUHVN|QQWHZRP|JOLFKVRZLHGLH6FKODQJH(YDYHUIKUWHPLWLKUHU/LVWDXFKHXUH
*HVLQQXQJYHUGRUEHQ>XQGDEJHZDQGW@ZHUGHQYRQGHU(LQIDOWJHJHQEHU&KULVWXV'HQQZHQQ
GHUZHOFKHU>]XHXFK@NRPPWHLQHQDQGHUHQ-HVXVYHUNQGLJWGHQZLUQLFKWYHUNQGLJWKDEHQ
@

*DO'DVVDEHUQLHPDQGGXUFKGDV*HVHW]$QHUNHQQXQJEHL*RWWILQGHQNDQQLVWHEHQIDOOV
NODU 'HQQ VFKRQ GHU 3URSKHW +DEDNXN VDJW 1XU ZHU *RWW YHUWUDXW ZLUG OHEHQ >6FKO 'D
DEHU GXUFK GDV *HVHW] QLHPDQG YRU *RWW JHUHFKWIHUWLJW ZLUG LVW RIIHQEDU GHQQ GHU *HUHFKWH
ZLUGDXV*ODXEHQOHEHQ@

(SK/REXQG'DQNVHL*RWWGHP9DWHUXQVHUHV+HUUQ-HVXV&KULVWXV(UKDWXQVPLWVHL
QHP*HLVWUHLFKEHVFKHQNWXQGGXUFK&KULVWXVKDEHQZLU=XJDQJ]X*RWWHVKLPPOLVFKHU:HOW
HUKDOWHQ>6FKOGHUXQVJHVHJQHWKDWPLWMHGHPJHLVWOLFKHQ6HJHQLQGHQKLPPOLVFKHQ>5H
JLRQHQ@LQ&KULVWXV@

3KLO 6HKWDXI -HVXV &KULVWXV >6FKO 'HQQ LKU VROOW VRJHVLQQW VHLQ ZLHHV &KULVWXV -HVXV
DXFKZDU@

3KLO:LUDOOHGLHZLUDXIGHP:HJ]XP=LHOVLQGZROOHQXQVVRYHUKDOWHQ>6FKO/DWXQV
DOOHGLHZLUJHUHLIWVLQGVRJHVLQQWVHLQ@

7LP*RWWHV*HLVWVDJWXQVDXVGUFNOLFKGDVVVLFKLQ=XNXQIWPDQFKHYRQ*RWWDEZHQGHQ
ZHUGHQZHLOVLHIDOVFKHQ3URSKHWHQKLQWHUKHUODXIHQXQGWHXIOLVFKHQ/HKUHQJODXEHQ>6FKO'HU
*HLVWDEHUVDJWDXVGUFNOLFKGDLQVSlWHUHQ=HLWHQHWOLFKHYRP*ODXEHQDEIDOOHQXQGVLFKLUUH
IKUHQGHQ*HLVWHUQXQG/HKUHQGHU'lPRQHQ]XZHQGHQZHUGHQ@

+HEU-HVXV&KULVWXVPXVVWHPLWGHQVHOEHQ9HUVXFKXQJHQNlPSIHQZLHZLUGRFKLP*H
JHQVDW]]XXQVKDWHUQLHJHVQGLJW>6FKOGHULQDOOHPYHUVXFKWZRUGHQLVWLQlKQOLFKHU:HL
VH>ZLHZLU@GRFKRKQH6QGH+LHUZLUGEHL+)$GLHIDOVFKH/HKUHEHJQVWLJW&KULVWXVKDEH
VHOEVWVQGLJH%HJLHUGHQJHKDEWXQGLKQHQQXUQLFKWQDFKJHJHEHQ@

'LH0HWKRGHKLQWHUGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ
:DVEHGHXWHWNRPPXQLNDWLYH*OHLFKZHUWLJNHLW"

:LUKDEHQLQGHQ%HLVSLHOHQ JHVHKHQGDVVGLH PRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ WHLOZHLVH
VHKUVWDUNYRQGHQYRQ*RWWJHJHEHQHQ:RUWHQGHV2ULJLQDOWH[WHVDEZHLFKHQ'LHVH
7H[WHOHVHQVLFKUHFKWIOVVLJXQGGHU/HVHUPHLQWDXFKHUN|QQHVLHJXWYHUVWHKHQ
$EHU ZDV GLH hEHUWUDJXQJ YHUPLWWHOW LVW NHLQHVZHJV GHFNXQJVJOHLFK PLW GHP ZDV
GHU 2ULJLQDOWH[W DXVVDJW:LU ZHUGHQ XQV ZHLWHU XQWHQ QRFK PLW GHU JHLVWOLFKHQ %H
ZHUWXQJ GLHVHU WHLOZHLVH VHKU VFKZHUZLHJHQGHQ 8QWHUVFKLHGH EHVFKlIWLJHQ +LHU
ZROOHQ ZLU QXU LQ DOOHU .U]H GDUVWHOOHQ ZLH HV ]X GLHVHQ $EZHLFKXQJHQ NRPPHQ
NDQQ

'HU $QVSUXFK GHU PRGHUQHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ LVW MD HLQ VHKU KRKHU 6LH EHKDXSWHQ
GD VLH OHLFKW YHUVWlQGOLFK VHLHQ XQG GLH LGHDOH %LEHO IU GHQ PRGHUQHQ 0HQVFKHQ
YRQ KHXWH GDUVWHOOWHQ 6LH ZHUEHQ GDPLW GD PDQ LQ LKQHQ GLH %RWVFKDIW *RWWHV LQ
OHEHQGLJHU ]HLWJHPlHU 6SUDFKH ILQGHQ N|QQH $QGHUHUVHLWV EHWRQHQ VLH DOOH GD
VLHDXFK]XYHUOlVVLJXQGXUWH[WQDKVHLHQ6LHEHDQVSUXFKHQDXIGHPQHXHVWHQ
6WDQG GHU hEHUVHW]XQJVZLVVHQVFKDIW ]X VHLQ ZlKUHQG GLH ZRUWJHWUHXHQ hEHUVHW
]XQJHQGDVLKUHU0HLQXQJQDFKQLFKWVHLQN|QQHQ

:LU OHVHQ LP 1DFKZRUW ]XU *XWHQ 1DFKULFKW %LEHO YRQ GLH $XVVDJH (LQH
hEHUVHW]XQJGLHQDFKGLHVHP*UXQGVDW]YHUIlKUWYHUHLQWGLHVHOEVWYHUVWlQGOLFKH
7UHXH]XP2ULJLQDOPLWGHP%HPKHQXPJU|WP|JOLFKH9HUVWlQGOLFKNHLW6LHNDQQ
JHQDXHUDOVHLQHZ|UWOLFKHhEHUVHW]XQJDQJHEHQZDVGLH$XVVDJHGHV7H[WHVDQ
HLQHUEHVWLPPWHQ6WHOOHLVW8QGGLH+RIIQXQJIUDOOHHPSILHKOWVLFKVHOEVWPLWGHQ
:RUWHQ (LQH JHOXQJHQHhEHUVHW]XQJVROODXILKUH/HVHUP|JOLFKVWGLH JOHLFKH
:LUNXQJ KDEHQ ZLH VLH GDV 2ULJLQDO DXI GLH GDPDOLJHQ /HVHU KDWWH +RIIQXQJ IU
DOOH ZLOO JHQDX GLHV HUUHLFKHQ XQG IROJW GDEHL PRGHUQHQ VSUDFKZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKHQ
(UNHQQWQLVVHQ XQG hEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGHQ 9RUZRUW hEHU DOO GLH -DKUKXQ
GHUWH VR PX GHU %LEHOOHVHU GHQ (LQGUXFN JHZLQQHQ SODJWHQ GLH hEHUVHW]HU LKUH
/HVHU PLW HLQHU YHUNHKUWHQ XQDQJHPHVVHQHQ 0HWKRGH VR GD HLJHQWOLFK QLHPDQG
GLH %LEHO ULFKWLJ YHUVWHKHQ NRQQWH -HW]W DEHU VHL GHU ZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKH )RUWVFKULWW
HQGOLFKVRZHLWGDPDQGLH%LEHOULFKWLJEHUVHW]HQXQGYHUVWHKHQN|QQH

+LQWHUGLHVHQ%LEHOQVWHKW LQGHU7DWHLQH QHXH0HWKRGHGHUhEHUVHW]XQJGLHPDQ
ELVYRUHLQLJHU=HLWDOVG\QDPLVFKHbTXLYDOHQ]EH]HLFKQHWHKHXWHVSULFKWPDQHKHU
YRQNRPPXQLNDWLYHU*OHLFKZHUWLJNHLW6LHZXUGHPDJHEOLFKHQWZLFNHOWYRQ(XJHQH
$1LGDHLQHP6SUDFKZLVVHQVFKDIWOHUXQG([SHUWHQGHU8QLWHG%LEOH6RFLHWLHV'LH
VH 0HWKRGH YHUZLUIW GHQ NODVVLVFKHQ $QVDW] IUKHUHU %LEHOEHUVHW]HU GD GLH
hEHUVHW]XQJGLHYRUJHJHEHQHQ:RUWHGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWLQGHQ8UVSUDFKHQVRJH
WUHX ZLH P|JOLFK LQ GLH =LHOVSUDFKH LQ XQVHUHP )DOO GDV 'HXWVFKH ]X EHUWUDJHQ
KDEH'DVZLUGDOVIRUPDOJOHLFKZHUWLJHhEHUVHW]XQJDEJHOHKQW'HUNRPPXQLNDWL
YHhEHUVHW]HUKDWGHPJHJHQEHUHLQHJDQ]DQGHUH9RUJHKHQVZHLVH

(QWVFKHLGHQG LVW IU LKQ QLFKW GLH )RUP GHU ELEOLVFKHQ %RWVFKDIW GLH :RUWH GLH LP
2ULJLQDOWH[WJHEUDXFKWZHUGHQVRQGHUQGHUHQYHUPXWHWH,QKDOWHGLH*HGDQNHQGLH
%RWVFKDIW GLH DXV GHU KHEUlLVFKHQ )RUP KHUDXVJHO|VW ZHUGHQ PVVHQ XP VLH
GDQQLQPRGHUQHP$OOWDJVGHXWVFKVRZLHGHU]XJHEHQGDGHU/HVHUGLHVHOEH,QIRU
PDWLRQEHNRPPWGLHGHULVUDHOLWLVFKH/HVHUYRQGDPDOVDXFKEHNRPPHQKDW'DEHL
VROO GHU /HVHU GHU =LHOVSUDFKH P|JOLFKVW ZHQLJ 9RUZLVVHQ EHQ|WLJHQ XP GLH ,QIRU
PDWLRQ ]XYHUVWHKHQ'HUhEHUVHW]HUVROOGHVKDOE ]XVlW]OLFKH ,QIRUPDWLRQHQGLH LP
KHEUlLVFKHQRGHUJULHFKLVFKHQ2ULJLQDOQLFKWVWHKHQPLWHLQIOLHHQODVVHQHUVROOGLH
JHSUlJWHQ %HJULIIH GHU %LEHOVSUDFKH EHLVHLWHODVVHQ XQG PLW LQ GHU $OOWDJVVSUDFKH
JHEUlXFKOLFKHQ :RUWHQ XPVFKUHLEHQ 'HU %LEHOWH[W VROO DOVR GHQ %HGUIQLVVHQ XQG
GHP 9HUVWlQGQLV GHV /HVHUV QDKHJHEUDFKW XQG DQJHSDW ZHUGHQ XQG QLFKW XPJH
NHKUW

9HUHLQIDFKW JHVDJW VLHKW 1LGDV hEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGH LQ GHU %LEHO HLQH %RWVFKDIW
GLHYRU-DKUHQLQHLQHUGDPDOVEHGHXWXQJVYROOHQXQGYHUVWlQGOLFKHQNXOWX
UHOOUHOHYDQWHQ)RUPDXVJHGUFNW ZXUGH 'LHVH)RUPGKGHU 2ULJLQDOZRUWODXWLVW
OHW]WOLFKXQZLFKWLJXQGNDQQEHLVHLWHJHODVVHQZHUGHQGLH,QKDOWHXQG*HGDQNHQVRO
OHQYRPhEHUVHW]HULQHLQHUKHXWHEHGHXWXQJVYROOHQXQGYHUVWlQGOLFKHQ:HLVHZLH
GHUJHJHEHQZHUGHQ

'HVKDOEJLEWGLHVH0HWKRGHGHPhEHUVHW]HUDXFKGUHL$UEHLWVVFKULWWHYRU$QDO\
VH HU PX GHQ $XVJDQJVWH[W DQDO\VLHUHQ KHUDXVILQGHQ ZDV HU EHGHXWHW +LHUEHL
IOLHHQDXFK ,QIRUPDWLRQHQDXVGHU *HVFKLFKWVZLVVHQVFKDIWGHU$XVOHJXQJ XQG%L
EHOIRUVFKXQJ E]Z %LEHONULWLN PLW HLQ hEHUWUDJXQJ HU PX GLH KHUDXVJHILOWHUWH
%RWVFKDIWMHW]WDXIGHQ%HZXWVHLQVVWDQGGHVPRGHUQHQ0HQVFKHQEHUWUDJHQXQG

EHUOHJHQ ZLH HU GLH ,QKDOWH VDPW GDPLW YHUEXQGHQHP 9RUZLVVHQ JHIKOVPlLJHQ
5HDNWLRQHQ XVZ GHP KHXWLJHQ 0HQVFKHQ KHUEHUEULQJW 1HXDXIEDX GDUDXV
IROJWGLHY|OOLJH1HXIRUPXOLHUXQJGHU ,QKDOWHLP%OLFNDXIGHQKHXWLJHQ/HVHU'DEHL
VROOVLFKGHUhEHUVHW]HUEHZXWYRQGHUYRUJHJHEHQHQ6WUXNWXUGHV2ULJLQDOVO|VHQ
XQGVROFKH:RUWHXQG6lW]H EHQXW]HQYRQGHQHQHUPHLQWGDVLH EHLP KHXWLJHQ
/HVHU HLQH JOHLFKZHUWLJH 5HDNWLRQ DXI GLH %RWVFKDIW DXVO|VHQ ZUGHQ ZLH GDPDOV
GDV2ULJLQDO

'DVDOOHVNOLQJWIUPDQFKHQ/HVHUGXUFKDXVHLQOHXFKWHQG'DHLQHVROFKH9RUJH
KHQVZHLVHMHGRFKYLHOHY|OOLJVXEMHNWLYHXQGZLOONUOLFKH(LQIOVVHLQGDVhEHUVHW]HQ
KLQHLQEULQJWXQGGLH:LHGHUJDEHVWDUNYRQGHQ:HUWXUWHLOHQXQG$QVLFKWHQGHUhEHU
VHW]HUDEKlQJLJPDFKWVROOHQHLQLJH7H[WEHLVSLHOHYHUGHXWOLFKHQ

,Q 5|PHU ILQGHW GHU hEHUVHW]HU GLH JULHFKLVFKHQ:RUWH WL JDU Kq JUDSKq OHJHL
HSLVWHXVHQGH$EUDDPWzWKHzNDLHORJLVWKqDXWzHLVGLNDLRV\QqQ,QGHUZRUWJHWUHX
HQ hEHUVHW]XQJ OLHVW VLFK GDV VR 'HQQ ZDV VDJW GLH 6FKULIW" $EUDKDP DEHU
JODXEWH*RWWXQGGDVZXUGHLKPDOV*HUHFKWLJNHLWDQJHUHFKQHW'DPLWLVWMH
GHV:RUWSUl]LVHZLHGHUJHJHEHQDEHUQDFK$XIIDVVXQJGHVhEHUVHW]HUVNDQQGHU
KHXWLJH 0HQVFK GLHVHQ 6DW] QLFKW YHUVWHKHQ )U LKQ LVW JODXEHQ HLQ YHUDOWHWHV
KHXWH QLFKW PHKU NXOWXUHOO UHOHYDQWHV:RUW (VPXDQJHPHVVHQ XPVFKULHEHQ ZHU
GHQ'DVJHVFKLHKWDP EHVWHQGXUFKYHUWUDXHQRGHUYHUZDQGWH%HJULIIH*HUHFK
WLJNHLW LVW QRFK YLHO VFKZLHULJHU XQG GHP KHXWLJHQ 0HQVFKHQ XQYHUVWlQGOLFK 'HU
hEHUVHW]HU VFKOLHW DXV PRGHUQHQ .RPPHQWDUHQ GD GLHVHU %HJULII DP HKHVWHQ
GDGXUFKZLHGHUJHJHEHQZHUGHQNDQQGDMHPDQG*RWWHV$QHUNHQQXQJILQGHW$Q
HUNHQQXQJLVWHLQNXOWXUHOOUHOHYDQWHU%HJULIIGHUPRGHUQH0HQVFKZQVFKWVLFK$Q
HUNHQQXQJ XQGVR NDQQPDQDP EHVWHQDXVGUFNHQZDV3DXOXVGDPDOV ZRKO JH
PHLQW KDW 'DV:|UWFKHQ GHQQ DP $QIDQJ GHV 6DW]HV GDV GLH $XVVDJH PLW GHP
9RUKHUJHKHQGHQYHUNQSIWXQGGHQ6DW]DOV%HJUQGXQJDXVZHLVWNDQQPDQUXKLJ
ZHJODVVHQHVVW|UWGHQPRGHUQHQ/HVHUQXUGHUNHLQHNRPSOH[HQ$XVVDJHQPHKU
EHJUHLIHQ NDQQ GDVVHOEH JLOW IU GLH )UDJHIRUP GLH QXU GHQ 7H[WIOX KLQGHUW =X
6FKULIWVROOWHPDQ+HLOLJHGD]XVHW]HQGDPLWGHUKHXWLJH/HVHUYHUVWHKWGDKLHU
HLQ =LWDW DXV GHP $7 IROJW 6R NRPPW PDQ ]X GHU hEHUVHW]XQJ ,Q GHU +HLOLJHQ
6FKULIWKHLWHV$EUDKDPVHW]WHVHLQJDQ]HV9HUWUDXHQDXI*RWWXQGVRIDQG
HU*RWWHV$QHUNHQQXQJ+)$

,Q-RKKHLWHVZ|UWOLFK+HLOLJHVLHLQGHLQHU:DKUKHLW+LHUVFKOLHWGHU
PRGHUQH hEHUVHW]HU GD KHLOLJHQ NHLQHQ 3ODW] LP 'HQNHQ GHV PRGHUQHQ /HVHUV
KDW XQG LKP QLFKW ]XJHPXWHW ZHUGHQ NDQQ 'LH DQJHPHVVHQH (QWVSUHFKXQJ GDIU
VFKHLQWLKPGDULQ]XOLHJHQGDGHU*OlXELJHHQJHUH*HPHLQVFKDIWPLW*RWWKDEHQ
VROO $QGHUH %HGHXWXQJHQ GLH GDEHL DXFK QRFK HLQH 5ROOH VSLHOHQ N|QQHQ NDQQ
PDQGHP KHXWLJHQ%LEHOOHVHUVFKOHFKWYHUPLWWHOQ'HU6DW]LVW LQGHU8UIRUPYLHO ]X
YHUGLFKWHW HU YHUODQJW QDFK HLQHU DXVIKUOLFKHQ 8PVFKUHLEXQJ $OVR EHUVHW]W HU
/DVV LKQHQ GHLQH :DKUKHLW OHXFKWHQ GDPLW VLH LQ LPPHU HQJHUHU *HPHLQ
VFKDIWPLWGLUOHEHQ+)$

$QGHUVGDJHJHQLQ3KLO+LHUKHLWHVZ|UWOLFK'LHVH*HVLQQXQJVHLLQHXFK
GLHDXFKLQ&KULVWXV-HVXVZDU+LHUKDWVLFK3DXOXVQDFK$XIIDVVXQJGHVhEHU
VHW]HUV RIIHQVLFKWOLFK XQQ|WLJ XPVWlQGOLFK DXVJHGUFNW 'HU %HJULII *HVLQQXQJ LVW
GHP PRGHUQHQ 0HQVFKHQ LQ VHLQHQ $XJHQ IUHPG GD ZLU GLHVHOEH *HVLQQXQJ KD
EHQVROOWHQZLH-HVXV&KULVWXVNDQQGHU/HVHURKQHKLQQLFKWQDFKYROO]LHKHQRIIHQ

VLFKWOLFK JHEUDXFKWH 3DXOXV KLHU XPVWlQGOLFKH %LOGHU GLH QXU GDPDOV NXOWXUHOO UHOH
YDQW ZDUHQ 'HU .HUQ GHU %RWVFKDIW GHV 6DW]HV IU GHQ PRGHUQHQ /HVHU OlW VLFK
DEHUJXW]XVDPPHQIDVVHQ6HKWDXI-HVXV&KULVWXV+)$

:LUVHKHQDQGLHVHQ7H[WEHLVSLHOHQ'HUYRQGHUNRPPXQLNDWLYJOHLFKZHUWLJHQ0H
WKRGH DQJHVWUHEWH 8PIRUPXQJVSUR]H YHUODQJW HLQH )OOH YRQ (LQJULIIHQ XQG 9RU
HQWVFKHLGXQJHQ GHU hEHUVHW]HU GLH ]ZDQJVZHLVH ZLOONUOLFK VLQG XQG YRP JHLVWOL
FKHQ RGHU XQJHLVWOLFKHQ 9HUVWlQGQLVKRUL]RQW GHU WKHRORJLVFKHQ 3UlJXQJ XQG GHU
$EVLFKWGHVhEHUVHW]HUVDEKlQJHQ'LHVH0HWKRGHEHUXKWDXI*UXQGDQQDKPHQGLH
NHLQHVIDOOVREMHNWLYRGHUJHLVWOLFKJHVXQGVLQG

(V ZLUG VWLOOVFKZHLJHQG YRUDXVJHVHW]W GD VLFK LQ GHU %LEHO )RUP XQG ,QKDOW EHU
KDXSW YRQHLQDQGHU WUHQQHQ ODVVHQ GD HV ]% QLFKWV DXVPDFKW ZHQQ LFK HLQ
+DXSWZRUWZLH*HUHFKWLJNHLWGXUFKHLQ7lWLJNHLWVZRUWZLHDQHUNHQQHQXPVFKUHLEH
RGHUGXUFKPHKUHUHDQGHUH+DXSWZ|UWHU(VZLUGXQWHUVWHOOWGD*RWW]ZDUEHVWLPP
WH *HGDQNHQ JHJHEHQ KlWWH DEHU GLH:RUWZDKO GHU +HLOLJHQ 6FKULIWHQ EHOLHELJ XQG
NXOWXUEHGLQJW ZDU (V ZLUG XQWHUVWHOOW GD GHU hEHUVHW]HU LQ GHU /DJH VHL PLW ZLV
VHQVFKDIWOLFKHQ 0HWKRGHQGHQ6LQQ XQGGLHJDQ]H%HGHXWXQJVEUHLWHGHV 2ULJLQDO
WH[WHV ]XYHUOlVVLJ ]XHUVFKOLHHQXQGGDPLWGHP/HVHUGHQ JHLVWOLFKHQ(UNHQQWQLV
YRUJDQJVR]XVDJHQDEQHKPHQN|QQH

'LHVH JDQ]H QHXH hEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGH LVW DOVR JHLVWOLFK NHLQHVIDOOV QHXWUDO RGHU
XQEHGHQNOLFK6LH NDQQ QLFKWHLQPDODOV ZLUNOLFKZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKDEJHVLFKHUWDXV
JHJHEHQZHUGHQ:HLOLKU(LQIOXDXIGLH:LHGHUJDEHGHV2ULJLQDOWH[WHVVRVFKZHU
ZLHJHQG LVW LVW HV GULQJHQG Q|WLJ GLHVH 0HWKRGH XQG GLH QDFK LKUHQ *UXQGVlW]HQ
EHUVHW]WHQ%LEHOQJHLVWOLFK]XSUIHQXQG]XEHXUWHLOHQ'DVZROOHQZLULPIROJHQGHQ
LQDOOHUQRWZHQGLJHQ.U]HWXQ

&=XUJHLVWOLFKHQ%HXUWHLOXQJ
GHUPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ

'DVXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH(FKRXQWHUGHQ*OlXELJHQ

'LHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOQKDEHQXQWHUHYDQJHOLNDOHQVLFK]XU%LEHOWUHXHEHNHQQHQGHQ
&KULVWHQ HLQ JDQ] XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHV (FKR DXVJHO|VW 1DFKGHP ]X %HJLQQ GLH RIIHQ
OLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKH *XWH 1DFKULFKW 'LH %LEHO LQ KHXWLJHP 'HXWVFK YRQ YLHOHQ
DEJHOHKQWZXUGHVWLHHQGLHVSlWHUHQ$XVJDEHQDXIZHQLJHU:LGHUVWDQG'LHXQWHU
HYDQJHOLNDOHP 9RU]HLFKHQ HUVFKLHQHQH +RIIQXQJ IU DOOH IDQG HLQH LPPHU ZHLWHUH
9HUEUHLWXQJDXFKXQWHU*OlXELJHQ+HXWHVHKHQZLUZLH]DKOUHLFKHEHNDQQWH7KHR
ORJHQXQG([SHUWHQRIIHQIUEHVWLPPWHPRGHUQHhEHUWUDJXQJHQZHUEHQ

6R HPSILHKOW HWZD GHU 5HNWRU GHU )7$ *LHHQ +HOJH 6WDGHOPDQQ HLQ EHNDQQWHV
0LWJOLHGGHV%LEHOEXQGHVGLH1*hPLWGHQ:RUWHQ:LUEUDXFKHQHLQHQ%LEHOWH[W
GHQPDQYHUVWHKWZHQQHULP*RWWHVGLHQVWYRUJHOHVHQZLUG:LUEUDXFKHQHLQHQ%L

EHOWH[W DQKDQG GHVVHQ GLH %LEHO LQ GHU 3UHGLJW QDFKYROO]LHKEDU DXVJHOHJW ZHUGHQ
NDQQ'LH1*hLVWDXIGHPQHXHVWHQ6WDQGGHUhEHUVHW]XQJVZLVVHQVFKDIW6RVWHOOH
LFKPLUHLQH7RShEHUVHW]XQJIUGDV-DKUKXQGHUWYRU

'HUDOV%LEHOH[SHUWHLPPHUZLHGHUEHIUDJWH+HLQULFKYRQ6LHEHQWKDO'R]HQWDQGHU
)7$*LHHQYHUIDWHIULGHD6SHNWUXPHLQHQ$UWLNHO*RWWHV:RUWLQGHXW
VFKHU 6SUDFKH 'DULQ YHUJOLFK XQG EHQRWHWH HU GLH ZLFKWLJHUHQ GHXWVFKVSUDFKLJHQ
%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ :lKUHQG HU GHU ZRUWJHWUHXHQ XQUHYLGLHUWHQ (OEHUIHOGHU %LEHO
PLW 3XQNWHQ GLH QLHGULJVWH YHUJHEHQH 3XQNW]DKO 3XQNWH JLEW HPSILHKOW HU GLH
*XWH1DFKULFKW%LEHO3XQNWHVRLQ6DFKHQ9HUVWHKEDUNHLW6SLW]HQUHLWHUH[HJH
WLVFKH6RUJIDOW]XPHLVWKHUYRUUDJHQGH$QPHUNXQJHQOLHVWVLFKDXHURUGHQWOLFKIOV
VLJ 'HU +RIIQXQJ IU DOOH 3XQNWH ZLUG EHVFKHLQLJW EHVRQGHUV JXW YHUVWlQGOL
FKH 6SUDFKH WKHRORJLVFK XQEHGHQNOLFK ZHQQ DXFK NULWLVFK DQJHPHUNW ZLUG 'DV
17 LVW XQQ|WLJ IUHL DEHU QLFKW LUUHIKUHQG JHVWDOWHW 'LH %HVWQRWH 3XQNWH JHKW
QHEHQGHU0HQJH%LEHODQGLH1*hYHUELQGHWLQYRUELOGOLFKHU:HLVH2ULJLQDOWUHXH
KHUYRUUDJHQGH $QPHUNXQJHQ PLW DNWXHOOHU VWLOLVWLVFK HLQZDQGIUHLHU YHUVWlQGOLFKHU
6SUDFKHNRQVHTXHQWELEHOWUHX

$XIGHUDQGHUHQ6HLWHPHKUHQVLFKYRQJDQ]YHUVFKLHGHQHQ6HLWHQGLH6WLPPHQGLH
YRUGLHVHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQZDUQHQXQGGDUDXIKLQZHLVHQGDVLHGDV:RUWGHU%LEHO
HEHQQLFKWJHWUHXZLHGHUJHEHQVRQGHUQ]7GLUHNWYHUIlOVFKHQXQGYHUZlVVHUQ(L
QLJHV$XIVHKHQHUUHJWHQGLH9RUWUlJHHLQLJHUJOlXELJHU3IDUUHULQ%DVHOLP0DL-XQL
GLH QDFKZLHVHQ ZHOFKH 9HUGUHKXQJHQ GHU ELEOLVFKHQ %RWVFKDIW EHL *1 XQG
+)$YRUNRPPHQ6LHHUNOlUWHQRIIHQGDVLHGLHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQIU
HLQJHIlKUOLFKLUUHIKUHQGHV8QWHUQHKPHQKDOWHQ

,QLKUHQ6FKOXIROJHUXQJHQKHLWHVXD,QGLHVHQPRGHUQHQ%LEHODXVJDEHQILQGHQ
VLFKDEHUVFKZHUZLHJHQGH8PGHXWXQJHQLQGHQHQQDWUOLFKH*HGDQNHQGDV%LEHO
ZRUWEHUODJHUQ$QYLHOHQ6WHOOHQ ZR *RWWGLH KDQGHOQGH3HUVRQ LVW QLPPWGHU
0HQVFK GLHVH 6WHOOXQJ HLQ :LFKWLJH 'LPHQVLRQHQ GHV %LEHOZRUWHV ZXUGHQ YHU
GUlQJWZLHGLH+HLOLJNHLWXQGGLH+HUUVFKDIW*RWWHVXQGGLH.QHFKWVFKDIWVHLQHU(U
ZlKOWHQ 'LH 6RUJIDOW XQG 7UHXH LP 8PJDQJ PLW GHP :RUW ZLUG ]HUVHW]W 'LH
%HKDXSWXQJLVWIDOVFKXQGLUUHIKUHQGPLWGLHVHU0HWKRGHN|QQHJHQDXHUDOVLQKHU
N|PPOLFKHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ DQJHJHEHQ ZHUGHQ ZDV GHU RULJLQDOH 6LQQ GHV XU
VSUQJOLFKHQ7H[WHVLVW,PEHVWHQ)DOONDQQHLQ6LQQHOHPHQWVWDUNKHUDXVJHDUEHLWHW
ZHUGHQ 'LHV JHKW DEHU LQ GHU 5HJHO DXI .RVWHQ YLHOHU DQGHUHU 6LQQHOHPHQWH =X
:RUW NRPPW ZDV GLH hEHUVHW]HU YHUVWDQGHQ KDEHQ :HU LP *ODXEHQ ZDFKVHQ
XQG UHLIHQ ZLOO PXVV VLFK HLQHU NODVVLVFKHQ %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ DQYHUWUDXHQ XQG GDUI
GLHV YHUWUDXHQVYROO WXQ 6WHIDQ )HOEHU XD 7KHVHQ ]X GHQ PRGHUQHQ %LEHO
EHUVHW]XQJHQGLHGHQ$QVSUXFKJU|VVHUHU9HUVWlQGOLFKNHLWHUKHEHQ'LHEHWURIIH
QHQ9HUODJHYHU|IIHQWOLFKWHQVRIRUW6WHOOXQJQDKPHQ XQGYHUZDKUWHQVLFK JHJHQVRO
FKH9RUZUIH$EHUGLH)DNWHQEOHLEHQ

'LHJOlXELJH*HPHLQGH KDWGLH3IOLFKW XQDEKlQJLJYRQ LUJHQGZHOFKHQ 7KHRORJHQ
XQG([SHUWHQGLH%LEHODXVJDEHQGLHLQLKUHQ5HLKHQYHUEUHLWHWZHUGHQJHLVWOLFK]X
SUIHQXQG]XEHXUWHLOHQDXVZHOFKHU4XHOOHGLHQHXHhEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGHNRPPW
XQGZHOFKH)UXFKWGLHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOQEULQJHQ'D]XZROOHQZLULPIROJHQGHQHLQL
JH+LQZHLVHJHEHQ

'LHNRPPXQLNDWLYHhEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGHDXVELEOLVFKHU6LFKW

:LU ZROOHQ MHW]W GDV XPZlO]HQGH QHXH hEHUVHW]XQJVNRQ]HSW HWZDV JHQDXHU XQWHU
GLH /XSH QHKPHQ GDV KLQWHU DOO GLHVHQ PRGHUQHQ %LEHOQ VWHKW (V ZUGH ]X ZHLW
IKUHQ1LGDV7KHRULHGHUhEHUVHW]XQJLPHLQ]HOQHQGDU]XVWHOOHQ1XUHLQLJH*UXQG
]JHVROOHQKLHUJHQDQQWZHUGHQ

,P0LWWHOSXQNWGLHVHUhEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGHVWHKWGHU0HQVFKGHUPRGHUQH/HVHU
XQGVHLQ9HUVWlQGQLVQLFKWGHUJ|WWOLFKH$XWRUXQGGHULQVSLULHUWH:RUWODXWGHU+HLOL
JHQ6FKULIW$OOHVNRPPWGDUDXIDQGDGHU/HVHUGLH%RWVFKDIWGHU%LEHOP|JOLFKVW
OHLFKWXQGHLQGHXWLJYHUVWHKHQNDQQhEHUVHW]HQEHGHXWHWQDFKGLHVHU0HWKRGHGLH
%RWVFKDIWVR XP]XIRUPHQGDVLHGHP9HUVWlQGQLVGHV/HVHUVVHLQHP NXOWXUHOOHQ
+LQWHUJUXQGXQGVHLQHP%LOGXQJVQLYHDXHQWVSULFKW$OVGDVYRUGHUJUQGLJH=LHOZLUG
JHQDQQWGLH%RWVFKDIWVR]XYHUPLWWHOQGDGHUKHXWLJH/HVHUJOHLFKGDUDXIUHDJLHUW
ZLHGHUKHEUlLVFKE]ZJULHFKLVFKVSUHFKHQGH(UVWOHVHUYRUYLHOHQ-DKUKXQGHUWHQ

'LH7KHRULHJHKWVWLOOVFKZHLJHQGRGHURIIHQGDYRQDXVGDGLHLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWH
GHU +HLOLJHQ 6FKULIW VR ZLH VLH YRQ *RWW JHJHEHQ ZXUGHQ IU GHQ KHXWLJHQ /HVHU
QLFKW YHUVWlQGOLFK VHLHQ :|UWOLFKH GLH PRGHUQHQ hEHUVHW]HU VDJHQ IRUPDO
JHQDXHhEHUVHW]XQJHQN|QQWHQDQJHEOLFKGHQ6LQQGHU%LEHOQLFKWRGHUQLFKWPHKU
YHUPLWWHOQ ZHVKDOE PDQ GHQ YRUJHJHEHQHQ:RUWODXW XQG GLH %HJULIIH:HQGXQJHQ
XQG 6SUDFKIRUPHQ GHV 8UWH[WHV Y|OOLJ RGHU ZHLWJHKHQG YHUODVVHQ PVVH XP GHQ
6LQQQRFK]XYHUPLWWHOQ

'HU hEHUVHW]HU VSLHOW LQ GLHVHP .RQ]HSW HLQH ]HQWUDOH 5ROOH (U LVW GHU NXQGLJH
0LWWOHU GHU DXV GHP 5RKPDWHULDO GHV $XVJDQJVWH[WHV GLH ZHVHQWOLFKHQ *HGDQNHQ
KHUDXVQHKPHQ PX XP VLH GDQQ LQ GLH *HJHQZDUWVVSUDFKH GHV /HVHUV XP]XIRU
PHQ (U VROO PLW DQJHPHVVHQHQ DQGHUHQ %LOGHUQ 6SUDFKILJXUHQ XQG 6WLOPLWWHOQ GDV
LP $XVJDQJVWH[W *HVDJWH PLW HLJHQHQ:RUWHQ ZLHGHUJHEHQ (U GDUI XQG VROO GDEHL
8QZLFKWLJHVE]ZQXULPNXOWXUHOOHQ=XVDPPHQKDQJGHUELEOLVFKHQ9|ONHU9HUVWlQG
OLFKHVZHJODVVHQRGHU XPGHXWHQHU NDQQ HLJHQH(UNOlUXQJHQ ]XP%LEHOWH[W KLQ]X
IJHQXPLKQYHUVWlQGOLFKHU]XPDFKHQ(UVFKDIIWGDPLWGHQ%LEHOWH[WQHXIRUPX
OLHUWLKQPLWVHLQHQHLJHQHQ:RUWHQXPJLEWGLH]XJUXQGHOLHJHQGHQ*HGDQNHQPLWKLO
IHYRQPRGHUQHQGHU.XOWXUGHVKHXWLJHQ/HVHUVDQJHPHVVHQHQ6SUDFKPLWWHOQZLH
GHU

'DVDOOHVNOLQJWIUGHQPRGHUQHQ0HQVFKHQGXUFKDXVEHU]HXJHQG(VZLUGVRGDU
JHVWHOOW DOV RE GLHVH hEHUVHW]XQJVZHLVH GHQ PRGHUQVWHQ (UNHQQWQLVVHQ GHU
6SUDFKXQGhEHUVHW]XQJVZLVVHQVFKDIWHQWVSUHFKHZlKUHQGGLHZRUWJHWUHXHhEHU
VHW]XQJVPHWKRGHDOVYHUDOWHWXQGXQZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKXQJHQDXXQGXQYHUVWlQGOLFK
DEJHZHUWHWZLUG%HYRUZLUGLHVHhEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGHDXVJHLVWOLFKELEOLVFKHU6LFKW
EHXUWHLOHQ VROO ]XQlFKVW HLQPDO HWZDV ]X GLHVHP $UJXPHQW GHU :LVVHQVFKDIWOLFK
NHLWJHVDJWZHUGHQGDVMDOHLGHUEHLYLHOHQKHXWLJHQ*OlXELJHQHLQHJHUDGH]XPD
JLVFKH EH]ZLQJHQGH:LUNXQJ ]HLJW *DO :HQQ HWZDV QLFKW ZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFK
LVWGDQQPXHVMDYRQHLQHPPRGHUQHQ&KULVWHQYHUZRUIHQZHUGHQXQGNDQQQLFKWV
WDXJHQ

1XQVROOWHIUJOlXELJH&KULVWHQGLHZHOWOLFKH:LVVHQVFKDIWJUXQGVlW]OLFKNHLQ0D
VWDE VHLQ 'DUEHU KLQDXV DEHU PX GHU 9HUIDVVHU GLHVHU 6FKULIW DOV MHPDQG GHU

VHOEVW/LWHUDWXUXQG6SUDFKZLVVHQVFKDIWVWXGLHUWKDWGD]XVDJHQGDGLH%HKDXS
WXQJHQ GHU %HIUZRUWHU GHU G\QDPLVFKHQ bTXLYDOHQ] VR QLFKW ]XWUHIIHQ ,Q GHU
6SUDFK /LWHUDWXU XQG hEHUVHW]XQJVZLVVHQVFKDIW JLEW HV YLHOH 6FKXOHQ XQG /HKU
PHLQXQJHQVRGDPDQRKQHKLQQLFKWYRQGHQDOVJHVLFKHUWJHOWHQGHQ(UJHEQLVVHQ
GHUhEHUVHW]XQJVZLVVHQVFKDIW5.DVVKONHUHGHQNDQQ

,P %HUHLFK GHU /LWHUDWXUZLVVHQVFKDIW ZLH DXFK GHU *HVFKLFKWH ZUGHQ MHGHQIDOOV
hEHUVHW]XQJHQGLHQDFKVROFKHQZLOONUOLFKHQYRP8UWH[WZHLWDEJHKHQGHQ*UXQG
VlW]HQYRUJHKHQQLFKWDN]HSWLHUW:HQQHLQ6WXGHQWHLQHP*HVFKLFKWVSURIHVVRUHL
QH G\QDPLVFKlTXLYDOHQWH hEHUVHW]XQJ HLQHV DQWLNHQ 9HUWUDJHV RGHU *HVFKLFKWV
EHULFKWHVYRUOHJHQZUGHEHNlPHHUZDKUVFKHLQOLFKHLQHGDIU(LQHNRPPXQL
NDWLYH hEHUVHW]XQJ YRQ 3ODWR +RPHU RGHU bVFK\ORV ZUGH XQWHU HUQVWKDIWHQ:LV
VHQVFKDIWOHUQQLFKWDN]HSWLHUW6HOEVWXQJOlXELJH/LWHUDWXUZLVVHQVFKDIWOHUKDEHQVLFK
DXVGUFNOLFK JHJHQ GLH PRGHUQHQ %LEHOEHUWUDJXQJHQ DXVJHVSURFKHQ XQG GLH
VSUDFKOLFKH4XDOLWlWGHUUHIRUPDWRULVFKHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQPLWZRKOEHJUQGHWHQ
$UJXPHQWHQYHUWHLGLJW

$EHU IU XQV *OlXELJH JLOW RKQHKLQ HLQ DQGHUHU 0DVWDE :LU PVVHQ GLH 'LQJH
JHLVWOLFKEHXUWHLOHQ.RUXQG]ZDUDQKDQGGHU6FKULIWVHOEVW:DVEHGHXWHW
HLQHNRPPXQLNDWLYHhEHUVHW]XQJGHV:RUWHV*RWWHVJHLVWOLFKJHVHKHQ"

D 'LH VWLOOVFKZHLJHQGH *UXQGYRUDXVVHW]XQJ GLHVHU hEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGH LVW
IDOVFKXQGXQDQQHKPEDU'DVHZLJH:RUW*RWWHVZLUGQlPOLFKDOV]HLWOLFKXQG
NXOWXUHOOEHJUHQ]WXQGUHODWLYDEJHZHUWHW(VZLUGOHW]WOLFKJHOHXJQHWGD*RWWLQ
6HLQHU$OOPDFKWXQG:HLVKHLWDOOH8PVWlQGHXQG%HVRQGHUKHLWHQVHLQHV:RUWHVVR
JHRUGQHW KDW GD HV ]X DOOHQ =HLWHQ XQG IU DOOH 0HQVFKHQ JOHLFK ZHOFKHU .XOWXU
*OWLJNHLW XQG $XVVDJHNUDIW KDW 'DV *HVHW] GHV +(551 LVW YROONRPPHQ HV HU
TXLFNWGLH6HHOHGDV=HXJQLVGHV+(551LVW]XYHUOlVVLJHVPDFKWGHQ8QYHU
VWlQGLJHQ ZHLVH 3V $XI HZLJ R +(55 VWHKW GHLQ :RUW IHVW LQ GHQ
+LPPHOQ 3V $OOH 6FKULIW LVW YRQ *RWW HLQJHJHEHQ XQG QW]OLFK ]XU
%HOHKUXQJ]XUhEHUIKUXQJ]XU=XUHFKWZHLVXQJ]XU(U]LHKXQJLQGHU*HUHFK
WLJNHLWGDPLWGHU0HQVFK*RWWHVJDQ]]XEHUHLWHWVHL]XMHGHPJXWHQ:HUNY|O
OLJDXVJHUVWHW7LPZHUJLEWXQVGDQQGDV5HFKWGLHVHV:RUWHLJHQ
PlFKWLJGXUFKDXVGHXWHQGH0HQVFKHQZRUWHXP]XPRGHOQ"

*RWW ZXWH JHQDXZHVKDOE(UGLH6FKULIWHQGHV$7LP8PIHOGGHVDOWHQ ,VUDHO JDE
XQGGLH6FKULIWHQGHV17LQLKUHP5DKPHQXQG8PIHOG:LH-HVDMDVDJWXQG3HWUXV
QRFKHLQPDOEHVWlWLJW$OOHV)OHLVFKLVWZLH*UDVXQGDOOH+HUUOLFKNHLWGHV0HQ
VFKHQZLHGLH%OXPHGHV*UDVHV'DV*UDVLVWYHUGRUUWXQGVHLQH%OXPHDEJH
IDOOHQDEHUGDV:RUWGHV+HUUQEOHLEWLQ(ZLJNHLW-HV3W:HQQ
GHU+HUU-HVXVNODUVDJW+LPPHOXQG(UGHZHUGHQYHUJHKHQDEHUPHLQH:RUWH
ZHUGHQQLFKWYHUJHKHQ0WXQGGDQQGHQ-QJHUQXQGXQVDOOHQGHQ$XI
WUDJJLEW6HLQ:RUW]XYHUNQGLJHQELV]XP(QGHGLHVHU:HOW]HLW0W$SJ
7LP ZHU VLQG ZLU ZHQQ ZLU XQV DQPDHQ ]X EHKDXSWHQ GD GLHVH
LQVSLULHUWHQ :RUWH YROO *HLVW XQG /HEHQ KHXWH QLFKW PHKU NXOWXUHOO UHOHYDQW XQG
QLFKW PHKU YHUVWlQGOLFK VHLHQ XQG GXUFK PHQVFKOLFKH 8PIRUPXOLHUXQJHQ HUVHW]W
ZHUGHQPWHQ"

,P*UXQGHKlWWHQGDQQGLHZRUWJHWUHXHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQMDJDUQLFKWGLHPLOOLRQHQID
FKH)UXFKWEULQJHQN|QQHQGLHVLHEHVWlWLJWKDEHQ8QJH]lKOWH0HQVFKHQGLHGXUFK

GLHVH%LEHOQGHQ5XI*RWWHV]XU8PNHKUXQG]XP*ODXEHQJHK|UWKDEHQXQGJHUHW
WHWZXUGHQ XPGDQQJHLVWOLFK]X ZDFKVHQXQGPLWGHP+HUUQ ]XOHEHQ(VVWHKWMD
JHVFKULHEHQ$OOH5HGHQPHLQHV0XQGHVVLQGJHUHFKWHVLVWQLFKWV9HUNHKUWHV
QRFK9HUGUHKWHVGDULQ'HQ9HUVWlQGLJHQVLQGVLHDOOHNODUXQGZHU(UNHQQWQLV
VXFKWILQGHWVLHULFKWLJ6SU$EHUGLH6FKULIWHQ]XYHUGUHKHQXQGXP]XIUL
VLHUHQGDPLWVLHXQEXIHUWLJHQ8QJOlXELJHQYHUVWlQGOLFKXQGDN]HSWDEHOZHUGHQ
LVW PLW GHP :HVHQ GHV :RUWHV *RWWHV XQYHUHLQEDU 'HU 0HQVFK PX VLFK *RWWHV
:RUWDQSDVVHQDEHU*RWWHV:RUWGDUIQLFKWGHP0HQVFKHQDQJHSDWZHUGHQ

E 'HU 8PJDQJ GHU NRPPXQLNDWLYHQ hEHUVHW]HU PLW GHP LQVSLULHUWHQ :RUW
*RWWHVHQWVSULQJWHLQHPOHW]WOLFKELEHONULWLVFKHQ$QVDW],P*UXQGHOHXJQHWGLH
VH hEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGH GLH ELEOLVFKH 9HUEDOLQVSLUDWLRQ J|WWOLFKH (LQJHEXQJ MH
GHV HLQ]HOQHQ :RUWHV GHU 6FKULIW XQG EHUXKW DXI GHU XQELEOLVFKHQ $XIIDVVXQJ GHU
*HGDQNHQLQVSLUDWLRQ QXUGLH*HGDQNHQGHU6FKULIWDXWRUHQVLQGYRQ*RWWHLQJHJH
EHQ DEHU GLH :RUWH VLQG UHODWLYH ]HLWJHEXQGHQH 0HQVFKHQZRUWH GLH ZLU DXV GHU
%LEHONULWLN NHQQHQ 6LH JHKW YRQ GHU ELEHONULWLVFKHQ ,UUOHKUH DXV GD GLH:RUWH GHV
%LEHOWH[WHVIHKOEDUHNXOWXUHOOEHGLQJWH0HQVFKHQZRUWHVHLHQGLHPDQQDFK%HOLHEHQ
GXUFK DQGHUH 0HQVFKHQZRUWH HUVHW]HQ N|QQH XQG GD VLH GHQQRFK GHP /HVHU ]X
*RWWHV:RUWZHUGHQN|QQWHQ

'D]X =LWDWH IKUHQGHU PRGHUQHU hEHUVHW]HU :LU QHKPHQ GHQ XUVSUQJOLFKHQ *H
GDQNHQXQGIRUPHQLKQXPFRQYHUWLQGLH6SUDFKHYRQKHXWH,FKHPSIDQGVROFK
HLQH %HJHLVWHUXQJ EHL GHP *HGDQNHQ DQ PHLQ HLJHQHV 9RUUHFKW HWZDV YRQ GHU
$XVGUXFNVZHLVHGHUEHUIOVVLJHQ:RUWIOOH>YHUELDJH@DE]XVWUHLIHQXQGLQGLHVHU
+LQVLFKWHLQ0LWDUEHLWHU*RWWHV]XVHLQ.HQQHWK7D\ORU=LWDWHQDFK'DYLG&ORXG
'\QDPLF(TXLYDOHQF\'HDWK.QHOORI3XUH6FULSWXUH(XJHQH1LGD 6HOEVWZHQQ
HLQH:DKUKHLW QXU LQ:RUWHQ JHJHEHQ LVW KDW VLH NHLQHQ ZLUNOLFKHQ :HUW ZHQQ VLH
QLFKWLQGDV/HEHQEHUVHW]WZXUGH1XUGDQQZLUGGDV:RUWGHV/HEHQVOHEHQGLJLP
(PSIlQJHU'LH:RUWHVLQGLQJHZLVVHP6LQQQLFKWVLQVLFKVHOEVWXQGIUVLFKVHOEVW
JHQRPPHQ >7KH ZRUGV DUH LQ D VHQVH QRWKLQJ LQ DQG RI WKHPVHOYHV@ :LU PVVHQ
GD]X ZLVVHQ GD 1LGD ELEHONULWLVFKH XQG OLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKH $QVLFKWHQ YHUWULWW XQG
VHLQ.RQ]HSWDXVZHOWOLFKHQ3KLORVRSKLHQXQG7KHRULHQDEOHLWHW

1XUZHLOVLHOHW]WOLFKNHLQH(KUIXUFKWYRUGHPYRQ*RWWJHJHEHQHQ:RUWKDEHQN|Q
QHQGLHVHhEHUVHW]HUPHLQHQGLH)RUPXOLHUXQJ$QQDKPH EHL *RWWVHLWDWVlFKOLFK
HLQHDQJHPHVVHQHhEHUVHW]XQJIU5HFKWIHUWLJXQJRGHUKHLOLJN|QQHPDQPLW]X
*RWW JHK|ULJ ZLHGHUJHEHQ :HQQ *RWW LQ HLQHU 3DVVDJH VLFK PLW VHLQHP 1DPHQ
+(55 RIIHQEDUW ZHOFKH %HUHFKWLJXQJ KDW GHU hEHUVHW]HU VWDWWGHVVHQ *RWW ]X
VFKUHLEHQ"

F'HUhEHUVHW]HU PDWVLFKDQEHVVHU ]XZLVVHQZLH *RWWHV *HGDQNHQDXV
JHGUFNWZHUGHQDOV*RWWVHOEVWXQGQLPPWHLQHY|OOLJIDOVFKH0LWWOHUUROOHDQ
MD PDFKW VLFK ]XP 1HXVFK|SIHU GHU YRQ LKP YHUIDWHQ %LEHO /HW]WOLFK LVW HV
HLQH*HULQJVFKlW]XQJGHUYROONRPPHQHQ:HLVKHLW*RWWHVZHQQGHUhEHUVHW]HUEH
VWLPPWH LQVSLULHUWH 8UWH[WZRUWH PLW DQGHUHQ %HJULIIHQ ZLHGHUJLEW REJOHLFK GRFK GLH
8UVSUDFKHDXFKVROFKH%HJULIIH]XU9HUIJXQJ JHKDEW KlWWH XPGLH6DFKHVRDXV
]XGUFNHQ ZHQQ *RWW HV JHZROOW KlWWH :HQQ HWZD GLH (UO|VXQJ GXUFK VHLQ %OXW
HLJHQWOLFKGHQ*HGDQNHQDXVGUFNHQVROOWH(UO|VXQJGXUFKVHLQHQ7RGDP.UHX]
GDQQ KlWWHGDV*ULHFKLVFKHMDGLHHQWVSUHFKHQGHQ:RUWH]XU9HUIJXQJJHKDEWHV

VR DXV]XGUFNHQ *RWW KDW VLFK GRFK HWZDV GDEHL JHGDFKW ZHQQ (U 6HLQH HZLJH
%RWVFKDIWLQJHUDGHGLHVHQ:RUWHQDXVGUFNWHXQGQLFKWLQDQGHUHQ

'LH VFKUHFNOLFKH $QPDXQJ GHU PRGHUQHQ hEHUVHW]HU EHVWHKW GDULQ GD VLH GDV
:HUN]XWXQEHDQVSUXFKHQGDVDOOHLQ*RWWXQG6HLQHP+HLOLJHQ*HLVW]XVWHKWQlP
OLFKGDV6FKULIWZRUWGHP0HQVFKHQDXI]XVFKOLHHQ XQG NODU ]XPDFKHQ'D]X PX
*RWW HLQ :HUN DQ GHP YHUILQVWHUWHQ YHUVWRFNWHQ +HU]HQ GHV 0HQVFKHQ WXQ 'DV
NDQQNHLQVFKODXHUhEHUVHW]HUEHUQHKPHQGHUVLFKGDPLWDQ*RWWHV6WDWWVHW]WXQG
PHLQWHUPVVH*RWWHV2IIHQEDUXQJVZRUWYHUEHVVHUQXQGXPGHXWHQ

:LHEHLGHU%LEHONULWLNPDFKWVLFKGHU0HQVFKPLWVHLQHPDUPVHOLJHQ9HUVWDQG]XP
5LFKWHU XQG +HUUHQ EHU *RWWHV:RUW 6R JHKW GLH G\QDPLVFKlTXLYDOHQWH hEHUVHW
]XQJ]ZDQJVZHLVHLPPHUZLHGHUEHUHLQHEORH:LHGHUJDEHGHV*UXQGWH[WHVKLQ
DXV XQG ZLUG YHUPLVFKW PLW HLJHQZLOOLJHQ ZLOONUOLFKHQ XQG RIW VLQQYHUIlOVFKHQGHQ
$XVODVVXQJHQ$XVGHXWXQJHQXQG=XVlW]HQGHUhEHUVHW]HU:LUZHUGHQHULQQHUWDQ
GLH0DKQXQJDXV6SU$OOH5HGHQ*RWWHVVLQGJHOlXWHUWHULVWHLQ6FKLOG
GHQHQ GLH LKP YHUWUDXHQ 7XH QLFKWV ]X VHLQHQ :RUWHQ KLQ]X GDPLW HU GLFK
QLFKWEHVWUDIWXQGGXDOV/JQHUGDVWHKVW

6FKOLPPHU QRFK ,Q GHQ HLJHQPlFKWLJHQ 8PIRUPXQJHQ ELEOLVFKHU %HJULIIH IOLHHQ
LPPHU ZLHGHU OHW]WOLFK ELEHONULWLVFKH $QVlW]H XQG IDOVFKH /HKUHQ KLQHLQ 6R KlQJW
GDV 9HUVFKZLQGHQ GHV %OXWHV DXV YLHOHQ G\QDPLVFKlTXLYDOHQWHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ
HWZDLQ(SKPLWGHUOLEHUDOWKHRORJLVFKHQ:HOWDQVFKDXXQJ1LGDV]XVDPPHQGHU
HPSILHKOW%OXWGXUFK7RG ZLHGHU]XJHEHQ %OXWZLUGLQGLHVHP$EVFKQLWWLQGHU
VHOEHQ:HLVHJHEUDXFKW ZLHDQHLQHU$Q]DKOZHLWHUHU6WHOOHQ LP1HXHQ 7HVWDPHQW
QlPOLFKXPHLQHQJHZDOWVDPHQ7RGDQ]XGHXWHQ&ORXGDD26

8QGGLHODQGOlXILJH%HKDXSWXQJGLHELEOLVFKHQ8UVFKULIWHQVHLHQMDDXFKLQGHU8P
JDQJVVSUDFKH GHU GDPDOLJHQ =HLW JHVFKULHEHQ GHVKDOE PVVH PDQ GLH KHXWLJHQ
%LEHOQ LQ GHU 8PJDQJVVSUDFKH GHU KHXWLJHQ =HLW XPVFKUHLEHQ LVW HEHQIDOOV QLFKW
VWLFKKDOWLJ:HGHUGLHKHEUlLVFKHQ6FKULIWHQGHV$7QRFKGLHJULHFKLVFKHQ6FKULIWHQ
GHV17ZDUHQIUGLHGDPDOLJHQ/HVHUHLQIDFKYHUVWlQGOLFKXQGLQEORHU8PJDQJV
VSUDFKH DEJHIDW ,Q EHLGHQ 7HVWDPHQWHQ JLEW HV VHKU DQVSUXFKVYROOH $EVFKQLWWH
VFKZLHULJH :HQGXQJHQ XQG DXI GHQ HUVWHQ %OLFN VFKZHU YHUVWlQGOLFKH 3DVVDJHQ
3HWUXVHUZlKQWGDVDXVGUFNOLFKYRQGHQ%ULHIHQGHV3DXOXV3W$OOGLHVLVW
NHLQ 0DQJHO GHU 6FKULIW GHP HLOIHUWLJH hEHUVHW]HU QXQ DEKHOIHQ PWHQ VRQGHUQ
HVLVW%HVWDQGWHLOGHVJ|WWOLFKHQ3ODQVIU6HLQ2IIHQEDUXQJVZRUW

G 'LH G\QDPLVFKlTXLYDOHQWH hEHUVHW]XQJ YHUEHVVHUW GDV 9HUVWlQGQLV GHU
6FKULIWQLFKWZLUNOLFKVRQGHUQYHUGXQNHOWXQGHQWVWHOOWGLH$XVVDJHGHU6FKULIW
LQYLHOHQ $VSHNWHQ9LHOH$XVVDJHQGHU6FKULIWVLQGQXUGDQQYROOYHUVWlQGOLFKXQG
HUVFKOLHHQ LKUHQ 6LQQ ZHQQ VLH VHKU Z|UWOLFK XQG JHQDX ZLHGHUJHJHEHQ ZHUGHQ
8Q]lKOLJH )HLQKHLWHQ GLH GHP *OlXELJHQ ]XU 8QWHUZHLVXQJ XQG %HOHKUXQJ QLHGHU
JHVFKULHEHQ ZXUGHQ JHKHQ EHL GHU NRPPXQLNDWLYHQ 1HXIRUPXOLHUXQJ GHU %LEHO
YHUORUHQ

'LH%LEHOLVWHLQ:XQGHU J|WWOLFKHU 2IIHQEDUXQJ'LH:RUWHGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWVLQG
HUOHVHQH VLHEHQPDO JHOlXWHUWH :RUWH 3V 1LHPDQG NDQQ GHQ 5HLFKWXP GLH
YROOH%HGHXWXQJGLH1XDQFHQXQGWLHIHQ)DFHWWHQGLHVHUHZLJHQKLPPOLVFKHQ:RU
WHMHYROODXVVFK|SIHQ'HVKDOE JHEKUW XQV0HQVFKHQ'HPXWXQG(KUIXUFKWDQJH

VLFKWV GHV :RUWHV *RWWHV :LU WXQ JXW GDUDQ ]X GLHVHP 7KHPD HLQPDO GHQ 3VDOP
LQHLQHUZRUWJHWUHXHQhEHUVHW]XQJ]XEHWUDFKWHQXQGGDUEHUQDFK]XVLQQHQ

'HU3VDOPLVWEHWHWgIIQHPLUGLH$XJHQGDPLWLFKVHKHGLH:XQGHULQGHLQHP
*HVHW]9*LEPLU9HUVWlQGQLVVRZLOOLFKGHLQ*HVHW]EHZDKUHQXQG
HVEHIROJHQYRQJDQ]HP+HU]HQ9:LHKDEHLFKGHLQ*HVHW]VROLHE
,FKVLQQHGDUEHUQDFKGHQJDQ]HQ7DJ90HLQ)OHLVFKVFKDXGHUWDXV
)XUFKW YRU GLU XQG LFK KDEH (KUIXUFKW YRU GHLQHQ %HVWLPPXQJHQ 9
:XQGHUEDUVLQGGHLQH=HXJQLVVHGDUXPEHZDKUWVLHPHLQH6HHOH'LH(U
|IIQXQJ GHLQHU :RUWH HUOHXFKWHW XQG JLEW GHQ 8QYHUVWlQGLJHQ (LQVLFKW 9

'LH PRGHUQHQ DXVGHXWHQGHQ :LHGHUJDEHQ ]HUVW|UHQ GDV ZXQGHUEDUH )OHFKWZHUN
YRQ %HGHXWXQJHQ XQG %H]JHQ YRQ 1XDQFHQ XQG JHLVWOLFKHQ (LQVLFKWHQ LQ *RWWHV
:RUW6LHHUVHW]HQHVGXUFKGLHEHVFKUlQNWHQRIWLUUHJHOHLWHWHQ(LQVLFKWHQYRQVWHUE
OLFKHQ0HQVFKHQ6LHEHUDXEHQGHQ%LEHOOHVHUDQVWDWWLKQ]XEHUHLFKHUQ

9LHOH JHLVWOLFKZLFKWLJH=XVDPPHQKlQJH XQG:RUWEHGHXWXQJHQZHUGHQLQGHQPR
GHUQHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQ ZHJSODQLHUW XQG ]XEHWRQLHUWGDPLWGHU JHGDFKWH LGHDOH/H
VHUDXIHLQHUPRGHUQHQ%HWRQSLVWHGHQ7H[WEHTXHPHQWODQJIDKUHQNDQQDQVWDWW]X
)X DXI HLQHP XUDOWHQ DEHU KHUUOLFKHQ 3IDG ]X ZDQGHUQ GHU PKVDP LVW DXI GHP
ZLU DEHU ZXQGHUEDUH 5HLFKWPHU XQG JHLVWOLFKH 1DKUXQJ ILQGHQ XP VFKOLHOLFK VL
FKHUDQVJHLVWOLFKH=LHO]XNRPPHQ

9LHOH NOXJ HUGDFKWH (UVDW]EHJULIIH GHU PRGHUQHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ VLQG ]ZDU YLHO
OHLFKWOHLFKWHUHLQJlQJLJDOVGDVELEOLVFKH2ULJLQDODEHUVLHWUDJHQQLFKWGLHVHOEH%H
GHXWXQJLQVLFK0DQFKPDOVLQGVLHQXULQGHU/DJHHLQHQ$VSHNWGHV2ULJLQDOZRUWHV
DXI]X]HLJHQ RIW DEHU OLHJHQ VLH Y|OOLJ GDQHEHQ XQG IKUHQ VRJDU GLUHNW LQ GLH ,UUH
LQGHPVLHPHQVFKOLFKWKHRORJLVFKH$XVGHXWXQJHQLQGHQ7H[WHLQIOLHHQODVVHQ

6RHUNDXIWVLFKGHU/HVHUGDVYRUJHEOLFKOHLFKWHUH9HUVWlQGQLVHLQLJHU*HGDQNHQXQG
$EVFKQLWWHGHU%LEHOPLWHLQHU(UVFKZHUXQJE]Z9HUKLQGHUXQJJHLVWOLFKHQ9HUVWlQG
QLVVHV LQ YLHOHQ DQGHUHQ $VSHNWHQ 'DV JHLVWOLFKH /HEHQ HLQHV *OlXELJHQ GHU VLFK
YRQ VROFKHP :HLPHKO)DVWIRRG HUQlKUW VWDWW YRP ELEOLVFKHQ 6FKZDU]EURW GHV
:257(6ZLUGEHUGDV8QPQGLJHQVWDGLXPNDXPKLQDXVJHKHQN|QQHQYJO+HEU
XQGYRQYLHOHQ.UDQNKHLWHQJH]HLFKQHWVHLQ

H 'LH %LEHO VHOEVW ]HLJW XQV GD HLQH ZRUWJHWUHXH hEHUVHW]XQJ GLH YRQ *RWW
JHZROOWH 0HWKRGH LVW:LU VHKHQ GDV ]XP HLQHQ LP $7 DP 9RUELOG (VUDV XQG GHU
/HYLWHQGLHYRUGHP9RONGDV%XFKGHV*HVHW]HVYRUODVHQXQG]ZDUYRUDOOHQ0lQ
QHUQ)UDXHQXQGYHUVWlQGLJHQ.LQGHUQ8QGVLHODVHQDXVGHP%XFKGHV*HVHW
]HV *RWWHV GHXWOLFK YRU XQG HUNOlUWHQ GHQ 6LQQ VR GD PDQ GDV *HOHVHQH
YHUVWDQG1HK$OVRQLFKW3DUDSKUDVHHLQJlQJLJH8PIRUPXOLHUXQJGHV:RU
WHV*RWWHVVRQGHUQGDV:RUW*RWWHVJHWUHXYHUNQGLJWXQGGDQQGLH(UNOlUXQJGHV
6LQQHV

'DVVHOEH0XVWHUVHKHQZLULP17EHL3KLOLSSXVXQGGHP.lPPHUHU'HU.lPPHUHU
ODV LP %XFK -HVDMD DEHU HU YHUVWDQG HV QLFKW 'DV ZDU NHLQ +LQGHUQLV IU VHLQH
(YDQJHOLVLHUXQJ LP *HJHQWHLO *RWW VDQGWH LKP GHQ 3KLOLSSXV GHU LKP GLH 6FKULIW
VWHOOHHUNOlUWHXQGLKPGDV(YDQJHOLXPYHUNQGLJWH$SJ

$XFKGLHDOWWHVWDPHQWOLFKHQ=LWDWHGLHZLU LP17ILQGHQ N|QQHQ XQVHLQHQ+LQZHLV
JHEHQ:LUILQGHQKLHU]ZDUHLQLJH0DOHHLQH9HUTXLFNXQJYRQ:LHGHUJDEHXQG$XV
GHXWXQJZLHVLHQXUHLQLQVSLULHUWHU3URSKHWE]Z$SRVWHOLP$XIWUDJ*RWWHVYRUQHK
PHQGXUIWHDQVRQVWHQVHKHQZLUDEHUHLQH]7VHKUZHLWJHKHQGHZ|UWOLFKH:LHGHU
JDEHKHEUlLVFKHU.RQVWUXNWLRQHQXQGDOOJHPHLQHLQHJURH:RUWJHWUHXH

I'LHG\QDPLVFKlTXLYDOHQWHhEHUVHW]XQJLVWQLFKWPHKU*RWWHV:RUWLQHLQHU
DQGHUHQ 6SUDFKH VRQGHUQ 0HQVFKHQZRUW 'DV LVW GHU YLHOOHLFKW VFKZHUZLHJHQG
VWH (LQZDQG JHJHQ GLH PRGHUQHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ 'DV NUDIWYROOH YRQ *RWWHV *HLVW
HLQJHJHEHQH HZLJ XQYHUlQGHUOLFKH :RUW *RWWHV ZLUG HLQJHWDXVFKW JHJHQ EORH
0HQVFKHQZRUWHGLH NHLQHVIDOOVGLHVHOEH JHLVWOLFKH:LUNXQJ KDEHQ N|QQHQZLH*RW
WHV:RUW:LUVHKHQGHQ JUXQGOHJHQGHQ8QWHUVFKLHG ]ZLVFKHQ *RWWHV:RUWXQGHL
JHQPlFKWLJHQ0HQVFKHQZRUWHQVHKUHLQGUXFNVYROODXIJH]HLJWLQGHU=XUHFKWZHLVXQJ
GHV +(551 JHJHQEHU GHQ IDOVFKHQ 3URSKHWHQ ,VUDHOV LQ -HUHPLD GLH ZLU
KLHUDXV]XJVZHLVHDQIKUHQZROOHQ

6R VSULFKW GHU +(55 GHU +HHUVFKDUHQ+|UW QLFKW DXI GLH :RUWH GHU 3UR
SKHWHQGLHHXFKZHLVVDJHQ6LHWlXVFKHQHXFKGLH2IIHQEDUXQJLKUHVHL
JHQHQ +HU]HQV YHUNQGHQ VLH XQGQLFKW >ZDV@ DXV GHP 0XQG GHV+(551
>NRPPW@ 'HQQ ZHU KDW LP 5DW GHV +(551 JHVWDQGHQ XQG KDW VHLQ
:RUWJHVHKHQXQGJHK|UW":HUKDWDXIPHLQ:RUWJHDFKWHWXQGJHK|UW"
+lWWHQVLHLQPHLQHP5DWJHVWDQGHQVRZUGHQVLHPHLQHP9RONPHL
QH:RUWHYHUNQGLJHQXQGVLHDEEULQJHQYRQLKUHPE|VHQ:HJ'HU
3URSKHWGHUHLQHQ7UDXPKDWGHUHU]lKOHGHQ7UDXPZHUDEHUPHLQ:RUW
KDW GHU YHUNQGLJH PHLQ :RUW LQ :DKUKHLW :DV KDW GDV 6WURK PLW GHP
:HL]HQ JHPHLQVDP" VSULFKW GHU +(55 ,VW PHLQ :RUW QLFKW ZLH HLQ
)HXHUVSULFKWGHU+(55XQGZLHHLQ+DPPHUGHU)HOVHQ]HUVFKPHWWHUW"
'DUXP VLHKH LFK NRPPH EHU GLH 3URSKHWHQ VSULFKW GHU +(55 GLH
PHLQH:RUWHVWHKOHQHLQHUYRQGHPDQGHUHQVLHKHLFKNRPPHEHU
GLH3URSKHWHQGLH LKUHHLJHQHQ=XQJHQQHKPHQXPHLQHQ*RWWHVVSUXFK
]X VSUHFKHQ GHQQ MHGHP HLQ]HOQHQ ZLUG VHLQ HLJHQHV :RUW ]XU
/DVW ZHUGHQ GHQQ LKU YHUGUHKW GLH :RUWH GHV OHEHQGLJHQ *RWWHV GHV
+(551GHU+HHUVFKDUHQXQVHUHV*RWWHV

%HL GHQ NRPPXQLNDWLYHQ hEHUVHW]XQJHQ JHVFKLHKW HLQH TXDOLWDWLYH 9HUlQGHUXQJ
YRQ K|FKVWHU %HGHXWXQJ 6REDOG HLQH hEHUVHW]XQJ GDYRQ DEJHKW GHQ XUVSUQJOL
FKHQ :RUWODXW GHU :RUWH *RWWHV VR JHWUHX ZLH P|JOLFK ZLHGHU]XJHEHQ LVW GDV (U
JHEQLV QLFKW PHKU HLQH %LEHO GLH GHQ XQYHUJlQJOLFKHQ 6DPHQ GDV OHEHQGLJH
:RUW*RWWHV3WHQWKlOWVRQGHUQYHUJlQJOLFKHV6WURKUHODWLYHNUDIWXQGOHE
ORVH0HQVFKHQZRUWHGLH]ZDUJHOHKUWXQGJXWJHPHLQWVHLQP|JHQZLHGLH3UHGLJWHQ
PDQFKHUOLEHUDOHU3IDUUHUDEHUVLHN|QQHQNHLQQHXHV/HEHQ]HXJHQ

*HLVWOLFKVFKlGOLFKH$XVZLUNXQJHQGHUPRGHUQHQ:LHGHUJDEHQ

D'LHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOQPDFKHQ*RWWHV:RUWPHQVFKHQ]HQWULHUWXQGUHODWLY

'HU *UXQGDQVDW] GHU PRGHUQHQ %LEHOZLHGHUJDEHQ EHVWHKW GDULQ GD GHU 0HQVFK
XQG]ZDUGHUXQJOlXELJH6QGHUGDV0DXQGGLH5LFKWVFKQXUIUGLH:LHGHUJDEH
GHV%LEHOWH[WHVLVW$OOHVULFKWHWVLFKGDUDXIDXVGDGHUPRGHUQHNLUFKHQIHUQH/H
VHU GHQ 7H[W EHTXHP YHUVWHKW XQG IOVVLJ RKQH 3UREOHPH GXUFKOHVHQ NDQQ 'LHVH
%LEHOQ IJHQ VLFK GDPLW QDKWORV LQ GLH PHQVFKHQ]HQWULHUWH 6WU|PXQJ GHU :LOORZ
&UHHN%HZHJXQJHLQZRHVHEHQIDOOVGDUXPJHKWDOOH9HUNQGLJXQJXQG*HPHLQ
GHDNWLYLWlW DXI GHQ XQEHNHKUWHQ 6QGHU DXV]XULFKWHQ GDPLW HU VLFK ZRKOIKOW XQG
VLFKEHUUHGHQOlW&KULVW]XZHUGHQ

'LH%LEHOLVWDEHUHLQGXUFKXQGGXUFKDXI*277]HQWULHUWHV%XFKLQGHPGHU0HQVFK
DXI *RWW KLQ DXVJHULFKWHW ZHUGHQ VROO 6LH GHPWLJW GHQ 0HQVFKHQ XQG IRUGHUW LKQ
KHUDXVLQGHPVLHLKQDOVYHUGRUEHQHQ6QGHULQV/LFKWVWHOOW6LH]HLJWLKPGD*RWW
VRXYHUlQ DOOPlFKWLJ XQG DOOHLQ ZHLVH LVW XQG GD 6HLQH *HGDQNHQ VR YLHO K|KHU
VLQG DOV XQVHUH *HGDQNHQ 0LW GHQ PHQVFKHQ]HQWULHUWHQ PRGHUQHQ hEHUWUDJXQJHQ
JHVFKLHKWHLQHIROJHQVFKZHUH8PZDQGOXQJGLHGHPKHXWLJHQKXPDQLVWLVFKHQ=HLW
JHLVWHQWVSULFKWGHUMDLPPHUPHKUDXFKLQGLH*HPHLQGHQHLQGULQJW*RWWHVHZLJHV
HLQ IU DOOHPDO JHJHEHQHV :RUW ZLUG KHLPOLFK XQG JHVFKLFNW DXV GHP +HU]HQ GHU
&KULVWHQ XQG DXV GHP /HEHQ GHU *HPHLQGHQ YHUGUlQJW GXUFK NOXJ IRUPXOLHUWH
PHQVFKOLFKH1DFKHU]lKOXQJHQXQG8PGHXWXQJHQ

:RLQGHU6FKULIW*RWWGHU+DQGHOQGHLVWZLUGLQGHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQRIWGHU0HQVFK
GHU(UOHEHQGHRGHU+DQGHOQGHGDV6XEMHNW*RWWHV2IIHQEDUXQJZLUG]XUPHQVFKOL
FKHQ(UIDKUXQJGDVREMHNWLYH:RUWZLUG]XU%RWVFKDIWDOOHVZDVGHPQDWUOLFKHQ
0HQVFKHQ DOV 7RUKHLW HUVFKHLQW ZLUG XPJHGHXWHW XQG DXI HLQH PHQVFKOLFKH (EHQH
JHEUDFKWVRGDGHU/HVHUPHLQWHUYHUVWHKHHWZDVGRFKZDVHUYHUVWHKWLVWQLFKW
PHKU GDV VRXYHUlQH :257 *277(6 VRQGHUQ HLQH YRQ 0HQVFKHQ HUGDFKWH $XV
XQG8PGHXWXQJ

1RFKHWZDVDQGHUHV+RFKJHIlKUOLFKHVXQG9HUGHUEOLFKHVZLUGGXUFKGLHPRGHUQHQ
hEHUWUDJXQJHQ EHZLUNW 'DV IHVWVWHKHQGH HLQ IU DOOHPDO JHRIIHQEDUWH :RUW *RWWHV
ZLUGSO|W]OLFKUHODWLYXQGEHOLHELJ:HQQZLUXQVDQGLH*HJHQEHUVWHOOXQJYRQ+RII
QXQJIUDOOH*XWH1DFKULFKW XQG1HXHV/HEHQHULQQHUQGDQQ ZHLFKHQGLHIUHL
DXVJHGDFKWHQ$XVGHXWXQJHQGHUhEHUVHW]XQJHQ]7VHKUZHLWYRQHLQDQGHUDE6R
EHNRPPWGHU/HVHUVROFKHUhEHUWUDJXQJHQGHQ(LQGUXFNHV JHEH JDU NHLQIHVWVWH
KHQGHV OHW]WOLFK DXWRULWDWLYHV %LEHOZRUW PHKU :HQQ PLU .RULQWKHU LQ PHLQHU
hEHUWUDJXQJQLFKWJHIlOOWGDQQVFKDXLFKPDOLQGLHDQGHUHKLQHLQ9LHOOHLFKWNRPPH
LFK PLW GHU 'HXWXQJ EHVVHU ]XUHFKW 'DJHJHQ ILQGHQ ZLU GD DOOH ZRUWJHWUHXHQ
%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ PLW XQWHUJHRUGQHWHQ )RUPXOLHUXQJVXQWHUVFKLHGHQ GRFK HUNHQQ
EDUGHQVHOEHQ7H[WXQG:RUWODXWEH]HXJHQ

%HLGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQJHUlWGHU7H[WGHU%LEHODXHUGHPDXFKLQHLQHQ
JHIlKUOLFKHQ)OX'LHVHhEHUWUDJXQJHQZHUGHQVWlQGLJYHUlQGHUWXQGGHQ%HGUI
QLVVHQGHV/HVHUVZHLWHUDQJHSDWGLH)RPXOLHUXQJHQDXVGHU$XIODJHYRQ*1
RGHU +)$ VLQG ]7 PHLOHQZHLW YRQ GHQHQ DXV GHU QHXHVWHQ $XIODJH HQWIHUQW 1LFKW
QXU N|QQHQ VLFK GLH :RUWH GLHVHU hEHUWUDJXQJHQ GHP /HVHU QLFKW PHKU HLQSUlJHQ

ZLHGDV EHLGHQ ZRUWJHWUHXHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQGHUIDOO LVW ZLUPVVHQ XQVDXFKIUD
JHQ :R IKUW GLHVH IOLHHQGH EHOLHELJH %LEHOZLHGHUJDEH PLW VWlQGLJHQ 7H[WlQGH
UXQJHQKLQ":DQQNRPPHQGLHHUVWHQ$XIODJHQPLWIHPLQLVWLVFKHU6SUDFKHZR*RWW
DOVZHLEOLFKDQJHUHGHWZLUGZLHZLUHVLQGHQ86$VFKRQKDEHQ":DQQZHUGHQGLH
DQVW|LJHQ/HKUDXVVDJHQGHV3DXOXV]XU)UDXHQIUDJHVRXPIRUPXOLHUWGDGLHPR
GHUQHQHPDQ]LSLHUWHQ&KULVWLQQHQZLHGHUJHUQHXQGJXWHQ*HZLVVHQVGHQ.RULQ
WKHUEULHIOHVHQN|QQHQZHLOVLHGRUWQLFKWV6W|UHQGHVPHKUILQGHQ"

E'LHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOQKHOIHQPLWGLHJHVXQGH/HKUHLQGHU*HPHLQGH
DXI]XO|VHQXQGEDKQHQGHQ:HJIU,UUOHKUHQXQGGLHgNXPHQH

(LQHlXHUVWVFKZHUZLHJHQGH)ROJHGHUDXVGHXWHQGHQ:LHGHUJDEHQLVWHVGDGLH
*UXQGEHJULIIH GHU JHVXQGHQ /HKUH GHU 6FKULIW DXIJHO|VW ZHUGHQ LQ QLFKWVVDJHQGH
$OOJHPHLQSOlW]H VRGD SUl]LVH XQWHUVFKHLGHQGH JHLVWOLFK JHVXQGH/HKUHDXIVRO
FKH hEHUWUDJXQJHQ QLFKW PHKU DXIJHEDXW ZHUGHQ NDQQ %HJULIIH ZLH *QDGH
5HFKWIHUWLJXQJ (UO|VXQJ GXUFK GDV %OXW +HLOLJXQJ ZHUGHQ ZLH ZLU JHVHKHQ
KDEHQYLHOIDFKJHWLOJW XQGYHUIlOVFKW'DPLWZLUGDXFKGDV SUl]LVHOHKUPlLJH9HU
VWlQGQLVGHU%LEHOOHVHUDXIJHO|VW'HP/HVHUPRGHUQHU%LEHOQPVVHQDXFKGLHVHLW
GHU 5HIRUPDWLRQ IRUPXOLHUWHQ ELEOLVFKHQ /HKUJUXQGODJHQ GHV HYDQJHOLVFKHQ *ODX
EHQV IUHPG XQG XQYHUVWlQGOLFK HUVFKHLQHQ ZHLO HU GLH PHLVWHQ GDULQ YRUNRPPHQG
ELEOLVFKHQ%HJULIIHLQVHLQHUPRGHUQHQ%LEHOQLFKWPHKUILQGHW

'LHVH VFKZDPPLJHQ ] 7 ZHLW YRQHLQDQGHU DEZHLFKHQGHQ XQG YHUIlOVFKHQGHQ
7H[WZLHGHUJDEHQUVWHQGHQ0HQVFKHQ*RWWHVQLFKWPHKU]XGDHUVLFKJHJHQ,UU
OHKUHQXQGIDOVFKH7HQGHQ]HQLQGHU*HPHLQGHZHKUHQNDQQ(VLVWNHLQ=XIDOOGD
VLH JHUDGH LQ HLQHU =HLW PDVVHQKDIW YHUEUHLWHW ZHUGHQ ZR GXUFK GLH *HPHLQVDPH
(UNOlUXQJ ]XU 5HFKWIHUWLJXQJVOHKUH DEJHIDOOHQH SURWHVWDQWLVFKH )KUHU YHUVXFKHQ
MHGHQ /HKUXQWHUVFKLHG ]ZLVFKHQ GHP UHIRUPDWRULVFKHQ *ODXEHQ XQG GHU U|PLVFK
NDWKROLVFKHQ.LUFKH]XYHUZLVFKHQ0LW%LEHOQLQGHQHQGHU%HJULII5HFKWIHUWLJXQJ
JDU QLFKW PHKU YRUNRPPW VRQGHUQ QXU QRFK HLQH YHUVFKZRPPHQH $QQDKPH EHL
*RWWVLQGGLH/HKUXQWHUVFKLHGHZLHYRQVHOEVWZHJJHVFKDIIWXQGNHLQ/HVHUVROFKHU
%LEHOQ NDQQ VLFK ZLUNVDP JHJHQ GLH |NXPHQLVFKH 9HUPLVFKXQJ XQG 9HUIKUXQJ
ZHKUHQ

6REHUHLWHQGLHVHXQNODUHQYRPHFKWHQLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUW*RWWHVDEJHO|VWHQIDOVFKHQ
%LEHOQGLH&KULVWHQKHLWDXIGLH(LQYHUQDKPHLQGLHJURH:HOW|NXPHQHYRU0LWVRO
FKHQ%LEHOQNDQQPDQZLUNOLFKDOOHVWHKHQODVVHQREXQJOlXELJH/LEHUDOWKHRORJHQ
5DGLNDOFKDULVPDWLNHU $GYHQWLVWHQ RGHU =HXJHQ -HKRYDV 6LH SDVVHQ GDPLW LQ GLH
HQG]HLWOLFKH(QWZLFNOXQJGHUJURHQ9HUIKUXQJGHU&KULVWHQKHLWXQGWUDJHQREMHNWLY
PLW GD]X EHL GLHVH 9HUIKUXQJ YRUDQ]XWUHLEHQ LQGHP VLH GLH *OlXELJHQ JDQ] UDIIL
QLHUWXQGXQPHUNOLFKLKUHV)XQGDPHQWVEHUDXEHQGHVLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWHV*RWWHV

$OOHLQGLHVHV:RUWLVWMDGDVXQWUJOLFKH/LFKWLQGHPZLUXQVHUHQYRQ*RWWJHZLHVH
QHQ:HJHUNHQQHQ XQGYRQ$EZHJHQ XQWHUVFKHLGHQ N|QQHQ$OOHLQGLHVHV:RUWLVW
GDV :RUW GHU :DKUKHLW GDV XQV DOOH /JH HUNHQQHQ OlW HV VLQG GLH JHVXQGHQ
:RUWH GLH ]X HLQHU JHVXQGHQ /HKUH IKUHQ XQG GLH ,UUOHKUHQ EORVWHOOHQ $OOHLQ
GLHVHV:RUWLVWDXFKGDV6FKZHUWGHV *HLVWHV PLWGHPZLUGLH$QJULIIHGHV)HLQ
GHV ]XUFNVFKODJHQ N|QQHQ 1XQ ZLOO GHU )HLQG XQV GLHVHV 6FKZHUW DXV GHU +DQG
QHKPHQ LQGHP HU XQV VWDWWGHVVHQ HLQ EULOODQW DXVVHKHQGHV DWWUDNWLYHV 3ODVWLN

VFKZHUW GDIU DQELHWHW GDV XQV LP JHLVWOLFKHQ .DPSI QLFKWV QW]W 0LW GLHVHP YHU
IlOVFKWHQ XQWDXJOLFKHQ 6FKZHUW N|QQWHQ ZLU GLH JHLVWOLFKHQ .lPSIH LQ GHU OHW]WHQ
=HLWQLHPDOVJHZLQQHQVRQGHUQZlUHQ]XP6FKHLWHUQYHUXUWHLOW

'DVLVWDXFKGHU*UXQGZHVKDOELFKLP*HJHQVDW]]XPDQFKHQELEHOWUHXHQ%UGHUQ
QLFKWGD]XUDWHHLQHVROFKH%LEHOEHUWUDJXQJDOV9HUVWlQGQLVKLOIHQHEHQKHU]XOH
VHQ :LU EUDXFKHQ VLFKHUOLFK 9HUVWlQGQLVKLOIHQ DEHU GLHVH VROOWHQ LQ JXWHQ .RP
PHQWDUHQ XQG%LEHOOH[LND EHVWHKHQ ]%YRQ 0DF'RQDOGRGHU *DHEHOHLQ'RUWLVW
*RWWHVHLJHQWOLFKHVJHRIIHQEDUWHV:RUWVDXEHU XQGNODU JHWUHQQWYRQGHUPHQVFKOL
FKHQ$XVGHXWXQJXQG=XVDW]LQIRUPDWLRQ6RN|QQHQZLUGDVWXQZDVGLH%LEHOXQV
LQGLHVHP=XVDPPHQKDQJJHELHWHW3UIWDOOHVGDV*XWHEHKDOWHW7K

,QGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQLVWGLH$XVGHXWXQJDEHUVFKRQLQGHUhEHUVHW]XQJ
YHUVWHFNWXQGGHU/HVHUZLUGGXUFKVLHYLHOIDFKYHUZLUUWRGHUVRJDULQGLH,UUHJHIKUW
:LUVROOWHQVROFKHhEHUWUDJXQJHQDXVXQVHUHP%LEHOUHJDODXVVRUWLHUHQXQGJDUQLFKW
PHKUJHEUDXFKHQ

F'LHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOQEHKLQGHUQHFKWHELEOLVFKH(YDQJHOLVDWLRQ
XQGHFKWH%HNHKUXQJHQ

(V LVW WUDJLVFK GD YLHOH ELEOLVFK GHQNHQGH &KULVWHQ GLH VHOEVW QRFK ZRUWJHWUHXH
%LEHOQEHYRU]XJHQVLFKGD]XYHUOHLWHQOLHHQGLHPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQDXVJH
UHFKQHWIU.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGOLFKHLQGHU*HPHLQGHVRZLHLP(LQVDW]XQWHU8QJOlX
ELJHQ]XEHQXW]HQ(VLVWXQJHPHLQZLFKWLJGDVFKRQGLH.LQGHULQLKUHUHUVWHQ%H
JHJQXQJ PLW GHU %LEHO HLQH JXWH ZRUWJHWUHXH hEHUVHW]XQJ EHNRPPHQ XQG NHLQH
YHUIlOVFKHQGHhEHUWUDJXQJ*HUDGHGHUHUVWH(LQGUXFNSUlJWGRFKXQGOHJW*UXQGOD
JHQIUVSlWHU*HQDXVR LVWHVDXVJHVSURFKHQVFKlGOLFKIU-XJHQGOLFKH XQGMXQJH
&KULVWHQZHQQVLH]XHUVWHLQHPRGHUQHhEHUWUDJXQJLQGLH+DQGEHNRPPHQ(VLVW
]X IUFKWHQ GD YLHOH VSlWHU NDXP QRFK EHUHLW VHLQ ZHUGHQ DXI HLQH ZRUWJHWUHXH
%LEHOXP]XVWHLJHQ

$XFK ZHQQ *RWW LQ 6HLQHU 6RXYHUlQLWlW VLFKHUOLFK LQ $XVQDKPHIlOOHQ DXFK VROFKH
hEHUWUDJXQJHQPLWGD]X JHEUDXFKHQPDJ XP0HQVFKHQ ]XU%HNHKUXQJ]XIKUHQ
VR PX GRFK IHVWJHKDOWHQ ZHUGHQ GD GHQ QDFKHU]lKOHQGHQ DXVGHXWHQGHQ 0HQ
VFKHQZRUWHQ GLHVHU hEHUWUDJXQJHQ HEHQ QLFKW GLHVH ZXQGHUEDUH *RWWHVNUDIW HLJHQ
LVWGLHGDVLQVSLULHUWH*RWWHVZRUWXQGGLHZRUWJHWUHXHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQDXV]HLFKQHW

'HVKDOELVWHVJHUDGHLQGHU(YDQJHOLVDWLRQVRZLHGHU.LQGHU XQG-XJHQGDUEHLWHL
QHU *HPHLQGH OHEHQVZLFKWLJ HLQH JXWH ZRUWJHWUHXH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ HLQ]XVHW]HQ
GDPLW *RWWHV *HLVW 6HLQ :RUW JHEUDXFKHQ NDQQ XP GLH 0HQVFKHQ ]X EHUIKUHQ
XQG ]X HLQHU NODUHQ :LHGHUJHEXUW XQG HLQHP JHLVWOLFKHQ *ODXEHQVOHEHQ ]X IKUHQ
1XUVR N|QQHQZLUDXFK XQVHUHQ$XIWUDJHUIOOHQ *RWWHV:RUW]X EHZDKUHQ LQGHP
ZLUHVDQGLHNRPPHQGH*HQHUDWLRQJHWUHXXQGXQYHUIlOVFKWZHLWHUJHEHQ

:LU P|FKWHQ KLHU GHXWOLFK PDFKHQ GD GLHVH %HZHUWXQJ JDQ] EHVRQGHUV DXI GLH
IKUHQGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQGLH*XWH1DFKULFKWXQGGLH+RIIQXQJIUDO
OH ]XWULIIW ,Q GHU RIIHQHQ 9HUIlOVFKXQJ GHU ELEOLVFKHQ %RWVFKDIW JHKHQ GLHVH hEHU

VHW]XQJHQDPZHLWHVWHQ$EHUDXFKLQGHU1HXHV/HEHQhEHUVHW]XQJVRZLHLQGHU
1*hGLHVLFKPHKUDP*UXQGWH[WRULHQWLHUHQILQGHQVLFKQRFK]DKOORVHPHQVFKOL
FKH$XVGHXWXQJHQXQG9HUZlVVHUXQJHQGHUELEOLVFKHQ%RWVFKDIWDXFKZHQQGLHVH
QLFKW VR NUD VLQG ZLH GRUW XQG PDQFKH PDVVLYH 9HUIlOVFKXQJ LQ LKQHQ YHUPLHGHQ
ZLUG

)U DOOH GLHVH hEHUWUDJXQJHQ JLOW GD VLH GLH *OlXELJHQ ZHJIKUHQ YRQ GHP YRQ
*RWWLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWODXWGHU6FKULIWXQGGDPLWGLHELEOLVFKH/HKUHXQG=XUVWXQJGHU
*OlXELJHQ JHUDGH LQ GHU (QG]HLW KLQGHUQ XQG EHHLQWUlFKWLJHQ :LU ZROOHQ KLHU NHLQ
8UWHLOEHUGLHVXEMHNWLYHQ$EVLFKWHQGHUhEHUVHW]HUIlOOHQ'LHVHP|JHQYRUDOOHP
EHL1/1*hXQG1(hGXUFKDXVHKUEDUXQGZRKOPHLQHQGVHLQ$EHUGHUJHLVWOLFKH
6FKDGHQ EOHLEW EHVWHKHQ -HGH hEHUVHW]XQJ GLH GHQ YRQ *RWWHV *HLVW YRUJHJHEH
QHQ :RUWODXW GHU +HLOLJHQ 6FKULIW GXUFK HLJHQPlFKWLJH 8PVFKUHLEXQJHQ =XVlW]H
XQG:HJODVVXQJHQYHUlQGHUWWUlJWREMHNWLY]XU8QWHUJUDEXQJGHU$XWRULWlWXQG:LU
NXQJGHV%LEHOZRUWHVEHLXQGZLUVROOWHQJUXQGVlW]OLFKVROFKHYHUZlVVHUWHQXQGYHU
IlOVFKWHQ%LEHOQPHLGHQ

'HU.DPSIXPGDV:RUW*RWWHVLQGHU(QG]HLW

=XP$EVFKOXGLHVHU NXU]HQ$XINOlUXQJVVFKULIWZROOHQZLU XQV QRFKHLQPDOYRU$X
JHQ KDOWHQ LQZHOFKHU=HLW ZLUOHEHQLQ ZHOFKHP JHLVWOLFKHQ=XVDPPHQKDQJGLHVH
PRGHUQHQ %LEHOQ DXIWUHWHQ:LU OHEHQ LQ GHU (QG]HLW GHQ 7DJHQ NXU] YRU GHU:LH
GHUNXQIWXQVHUHV+HUUQ-HVXV&KULVWXV:LUOHEHQJHQDXLQGHU=HLWYRQGHUXQVGDV
:RUW*RWWHVVDJW'HQQHVZLUGHLQH=HLWNRPPHQGDZHUGHQVLHGLHJHVXQGH
/HKUH QLFKW HUWUDJHQ VRQGHUQ VLFK VHOEVW QDFK LKUHQ HLJHQHQ /VWHQ /HKUHU
EHVFKDIIHQZHLOVLHHPSILQGOLFKH2KUHQKDEHQXQGVLHZHUGHQLKUH2KUHQYRQ
GHU:DKUKHLWDEZHQGHQXQGVLFKGHQ/HJHQGHQ]XZHQGHQ7LP8QGJH
QDXLQGLHVH=HLWKLQHLQPDKQWXQVGHU+HUUGXUFK6HLQHQ$SRVWHO9HUNQGLJHGDV
:RUWWULWWGDIUHLQHVVHLJHOHJHQRGHUXQJHOHJHQ7LP

,QGHUOHW]WHQ=HLWWREWHLQJHZDOWLJHUJHLVWOLFKHU.DPSIXPGDV:RUW*RWWHVXQGHV
NDQQMDQLFKWDQGHUVVHLQ'HU6DWDQNDQQVHLQ3URJUDPPGLH&KULVWHQKHLWDXIGHQ
:HJGHUgNXPHQHXQG:HOWHLQKHLWVNLUFKHXQG]XPJURHQ$EIDOO]XYHUIKUHQQXU
HUUHLFKHQZHQQHUGLH$XWRULWlWGHVHZLJHQKHUUOLFKHQ:RUWHV*RWWHVXQWHUJUlEWXQG
DXIZHLFKW 'DEHL PDFKW HU YRU GHQ HFKWHQ *OlXELJHQ QLFKW KDOW $XFK XQWHU LKQHQ
VXFKWHUGLH$XWRULWlWGHV:RUWHV*RWWHVGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIWDXIYLHOHUOHL:HLVH]X
XQWHUJUDEHQ XQG GLH ZDKUHQ *OlXELJHQ GLH MD PXWLJH =HXJHQ IU GLH:DKUKHLW GHU
6FKULIW VHLQ VROOWHQ ]X VFKZlFKHQ XQG ]X YHUXQVLFKHUQ 'LH %LEHONULWLN GDV 6ROOWH
*RWW ZLUNOLFK JHVDJW KDEHQ" GULQJW KHXWH LQ ZHLWH .UHLVH GHU (YDQJHOLNDOHQ HLQ
(LQH WUDXULJH 9HUZlVVHUXQJ XQG $XIZHLFKXQJ GHU ELEHOJHJUQGHWHQ /HKUH XQG GHV
/HEHQVLP*ODXEHQJHKRUVDPJHJHQGDV:RUWPDFKWVLFKLQYLHOHQIUKHUNODUELEHO
WUHXHQ*HPHLQGHQXQG.UHLVHQEHPHUNEDU

9RQGDKHUGUIHQZLUQLFKWEHUUDVFKWVHLQGDDXFKGLH%LEHOVHOEVWGDVJ|WWOLFKH
:RUWGHU:DKUKHLWGLH5LFKWVFKQXUGHUZDKUHQ*OlXELJHQ*HJHQVWDQGGHUHQG]HLW
OLFKHQ =HUVHW]XQJV XQG $XIZHLFKXQJVWHQGHQ]HQ LVW :LU VROOWHQ DQJHVLFKWV GLHVHU
(QWZLFNOXQJHQQLFKWYHU]DJHQQLFKWLQRKQPlFKWLJHV-DPPHUQYHUIDOOHQ$XFKZHQQ

GLHVH (QWZLFNOXQJHQ LQ PDQFKHP XQKHLPOLFK XQG EHGUFNHQG VLQG NDQQ GRFK GDV
HZLJH:RUW *RWWHV XQG GLH KHUUOLFKH:DKUKHLW GHV +HUUQ GDGXUFK QLFKW ]XQLFKWHJH
PDFKW ZHUGHQ *RWW NRPPW ]X 6HLQHP =LHO (U OlW 6HLQH :DKUKHLW XQG 6HLQ :RUW
QLFKWXQWHUJHKHQ

:HQQ GLH *UXQGIHVWHQ HLQJHULVVHQ ZHUGHQ ZDV VROO GHU *HUHFKWH WXQ" 3V
'DV:RUW*RWWHVHUPXQWHUWXQVGD]XDXFKLQGLHVHU=HLWXQGJHUDGHMHW]WGDV
HZLJH XQYHUIlOVFKWH *RWWHVZRUW ]X YHUNQGLJHQ XQG IU HV HLQ]XWUHWHQ (V JHQJW
QLFKW GD ZLU GLH PRGHUQHQ %LEHOQ ]XUFNZHLVHQ :LU VROOWHQ LQ OLHEHYROOHU XQG
VDFKOLFKHU:HLVHQRFKYLHOH*HVFKZLVWHULP*ODXEHQDXIGLHPLWLKQHQYHUEXQGHQHQ
*HIDKUHQXQG9HUIlOVFKXQJHQKLQZHLVHQ8QGZLUVROOWHQDOOHVWXQGDPLWJXWHJHLVW
OLFK JHVXQGH ZRUWJHWUHXH hEHUVHW]XQJHQ YHUEUHLWHW ZHUGHQ VRZRKO XQWHU GHQ
*OlXELJHQ DOV DXFK XQWHU GHQ 8QJOlXELJHQ 'DV JLOW YRU DOOHP DXFK IU GLH MXQJHQ
&KULVWHQ XQGGLH-XJHQGDUEHLWLQGHQ*HPHLQGHQ'LHVHV$QOLHJHQVROOWHQ ZLUDXFK
LQ HUQVWHP *HEHW YRU GHQ +HUUQ EULQJHQ GDPLW (U VLFK HUEDUPW XQG QRFK YLHOHQ
*OlXELJHQGLH$XJHQ|IIQHWIUGLHHQG]HLWOLFKHQ9HUIKUXQJHQ

:LUVROOWHQLQGHUKHXWLJHQ=HLWJDQ]EHVRQGHUVGDUDXIEHGDFKWVHLQGDV:RUW*RW
WHV ]X HUIRUVFKHQ XQG ]X VWXGLHUHQ WLHIHU LQ VHLQH NRVWEDUHQ :DKUKHLWHQ XQG =X
VDPPHQKlQJH HLQ]XGULQJHQ XQG GLHVH DXFK LQ .RQIHUHQ]HQ LQ GHU :RUWYHUNQGL
JXQJ *HPHLQGHELEHOVWXQGHQ +DXVNUHLVHQ GXUFK JHPHLQVDPHV %LEHOOHVHQ XVZ
ZHLWHU]XJHEHQ :LU VROOWHQ IU GLH 9HUEUHLWXQJ ELEHOWUHXHU .RPPHQWDUH VRUJHQ GLH
GHQ *OlXELJHQHLQHKUIUFKWLJHVXQG JHVXQGHV9HUVWlQGQLVGHU+HLOLJHQ6FKULIW JH
EHQ N|QQHQVRGDVLH JDU QLFKW QDFK LUJHQGZHOFKHQIUDJZUGLJHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ
JUHLIHQPVVHQ

,Q GHP DOOHP GDUI XQV GDV SURSKHWLVFKH:RUW XQVHUHV +HUUQ -HVXV &KULVWXV DQ GLH
*HPHLQGH LQ3KLODGHOSKLDHUPXWLJHQ ,Q LKU]HLJWGLH6FKULIW SURSKHWLVFKGDHV ELV
]XU:LHGHUNXQIWGHV+HUUQHLQHQWUHXHQhEHUUHVWYRQZDKUHQ*OlXELJHQJHEHQZLUG
GLHDP+HUUQ XQG6HLQHP:RUWXQEHLUUWIHVWKDOWHQDXFKZHQQGHU$EIDOOYRP:RUW
*RWWHVXQGYRPELEOLVFKHQ*ODXEHQLPPHUVFKOLPPHUZLUG'LHVHQhEHUUHVWHUPXQ
WHUW GHU +HUU PLW GHQ :RUWHQ ,FK NHQQH GHLQH :HUNH 6LHKH LFK KDEH GLU HLQH
JH|IIQHWH 7U JHJHEHQ XQG QLHPDQG NDQQ VLH VFKOLHHQ GHQQ GX KDVW HLQH
NOHLQH.UDIWXQGKDVWPHLQ:RUWEHZDKUWXQGPHLQHQ1DPHQQLFKWYHUOHXJQHW
2IIE

6RODWXQVEHVWUHEWVHLQ]XGLHVHPWUHXHQhEHUUHVW]XJHK|UHQXQGGDV:RUWXQ
VHUHV JHOLHEWHQ +HUUQ ]X EHZDKUHQ ELV (U ZLHGHUNRPPW$XFK LQ GLHVHU 6DFKH JLOW
XQV GLH (UPXWLJXQJ DXV .RU 'DUXP PHLQH JHOLHEWHQ %UGHU VHLG IHVW
XQHUVFKWWHUOLFK QHKPW LPPHU ]X LQ GHP :HUN GHV +HUUQ ZHLO LKU ZLW GD
HXUH$UEHLWQLFKWYHUJHEOLFKLVWLP+HUUQ

$QKDQJ

+LQZHLVHDXIZHLWHUIKUHQGH6FKULIWHQ

/HLGHUJLEWHV]XGLHVHP7KHPDQXUZHQLJHGHXWVFKVSUDFKLJH6FKULIWHQDXVNRQVH
TXHQW ELEHOWUHXHU 6LFKW 'HU 9HUIDVVHU GLHVHU 6FKULIW KDW YRU VR *RWW ZLOO LP -DKU
HLQDXVIKUOLFKHUHV%XFK ]XGLHVHP7KHPDLP%HWDQLHQ9HUODJ ]XYHU|IIHQWOL
FKHQ (LQLJH 0DWHULDOLHQ GLH ] 7 LQ GLHVH %URVFKUH PLW HLQJHIORVVHQ VLQG VROOHQ
KLHUJHQDQQWZHUGHQ

&ORXG 'DYLG : '\QDPLF (TXLYDOHQF\ 'HDWK .QHOO RI 3XUH 6FULSWXUH 2 7LPRWK\
>DPEDSW=HLWVFKULIW@6SHFLDO,VVXH2DN+DUERU:D\RI/LIH/LWHUDWXUHR-

)HOEHU6WHIDQ5RWKHQ%HUQKDUG:LFN3HWHU'DVYHUIKUHULVFKH9HUVSUHFKHQGHU
9HUVWlQGOLFKNHLW .ULWLVFKH $QIUDJHQ DQ PRGHUQH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ 0DQXVNULSW
GUXFNGHU9RUWUlJHLQ%DVHOLP0DL-XQL+J3IDUUDPWDP0QVWHU$XJXVWLQHU
JDVVH&+%DVHOELEHO#PXHQVWHUEDVHOFK

/LHEL5RJHU'LH%LEHOEHUVHW]HQDEHUZLH"7HLO,,LQIDFWXP6

0DUWLQ5REHUW3$FFXUDF\RI7UDQVODWLRQ7KH3ULPDU\&ULWHULRQLQ(YDOXDWLQJ%LEOH
9HUVLRQV ZLWK 6SHFLDO 5HIHUHQFH WR WKH 1HZ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 9HUVLRQ (GLQEXUJK
7KH%DQQHURI7UXWK7UXVW

6FKLEOL0DUN ,VWGLH+RIIQXQJ IUDOOHHLQHWHQGHQ]L|VH%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ"0DQX
VNULSWGUXFNR2R-

9DQ%UXJJHQ-DNRE7KH)XWXUHRIWKH%LEOH.DPSHQ1DFKGUXFN%LEOHIRU
7RGD\ &ROOLQVZRRG 1- >:HUWYROOH HQJO 8QWHUVXFKXQJ ]XU .ULWLN G\QDPLVFK
lTXLYDOHQWHUhEHUVHW]XQJHQ@

:HQ] $UPLQ 6FKULIWJHPlH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJ" .ULWLVFKH $QPHUNXQJHQ ]XU *XWHQ
1DFKULFKWLQ/XWKHULVFKH%HLWUlJH1U6

:HOFKH$OWHUQDWLYHQJLEWHV"

:HQQGLHPRGHUQHQ%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQLQGLHVHU6FKULIWZHJHQLKUHU9HUZlVVHUXQJ
XQG9HUIlOVFKXQJGHVLQVSLULHUWHQ:RUWHV*RWWHVDEJHOHKQWZRUGHQVLQGGDQQVWHOOW
VLFK ]ZDQJVOlXILJ GLH )UDJH QDFK $OWHUQDWLYHQ ,PPHU ZLHGHU ZXUGH GHU 9HUIDVVHU
YRQ*OlXELJHQJHIUDJWZHOFKH%LEHOQPDQGHQQKHXWHQRFKHPSIHKOHQN|QQH$XFK
ZHQQGLHVOHW]WOLFKMHGHU%LEHOOHVHUVHOEVWSUIHQXQGHQWVFKHLGHQPXP|FKWHGHU
9HUIDVVHUKLHUHLQLJH(PSIHKOXQJHQDXVVSUHFKHQ

6FKODFKWHU

'LHVH%LEHOLVWQDFKGHQLQGLHVHU%URVFKUHGDUJHVWHOOWHQ0DVWlEHQYJOREHQ6
VHKUJXWIUGLHYHUVFKLHGHQDUWLJHQ%HGUIQLVVHELEHOWUHXHU*OlXELJHUJHHLJQHW
6LHVWHKWLQGHU:RUWJHQDXLJNHLW]ZLVFKHQ/XWKHUXQG$OWHU(OEHUIHOGHUKDWGLH
VHQ EHLGHQ DEHU YRUDXV GD VLH DXFK IU MQJHUH /HVHU XQG 8QJOlXELJH VHKU JXW
YHUVWlQGOLFKLVW6LHNDQQGHP%LEHOVWXGLXPHEHQVRGLHQHQZLHGHUSHUV|QOLFKHQ$Q
GDFKW XQG :RUWYHUNQGLJXQJ 6LH EHUXKW DXI GHP EHZlKUWHQ UHIRUPDWRULVFKHQ
*UXQGWH[W XQG LVW IUHL YRQ LUJHQGZHOFKHQ WH[W RGHU ELEHONULWLVFKHQ (LQIOVVHQ ,KUH
(LQOHLWXQJHQ XQG $QPHUNXQJHQ VLQG HUEDXOLFK XQG JHVXQG LQ GHU /HKUH *HUDGH
DXFK IU (YDQJHOLVDWLRQ XQG -XJHQGDUEHLW NDQQ GLHVH hEHUVHW]XQJ HLQH ZHUWYROOH
$OWHUQDWLYH]XGHQPRGHUQHQhEHUWUDJXQJHQVHLQ

/XWKHU

'LH/XWKHU%LEHOLVWGLHNODVVLVFKH%LEHOGHUGHXWVFKHQHYDQJHOLVFKHQ&KULVWHQXQG
MHGHU*OlXELJHLQXQVHUHP/DQGVROOWHVLHNHQQHQ/XWKHUVhEHUVHW]XQJLVWQLFKWLP
PHUVRZRUWJHWUHXZLHHVZQVFKHQVZHUWZlUHXQGVLHKDWJHZLVVH6FKZDFKSXQN
WHDXFKZDVGLH9HUVWlQGOLFKNHLWIUGHQKHXWLJHQ/HVHUDQEHWULIIW$EHULP*DQ]HQ
LVWVLHDOVGHU.ODVVLNHUGHU UHIRUPDWRULVFKHQ ZRUWJHWUHXHQhEHUVHW]XQJHQLPPHU
QRFK YRQ JURHP :HUW $OOH GLH GLH /XWKHUELEHO OLHEHQ XQG VFKlW]HQ VROOWHQ GLH
$XVJDEHQ YRQ RGHU GHU 5HYLVLRQ YRQ YRU]LHKHQ XQG ]ZDU
DXIJUXQG GHU %HWHLOLJXQJ OLEHUDOHU 7KHRORJHQ DQ GHU 5HYLVLRQVDUEHLW XQG DXIJUXQG
GHUWH[WNULWLVFKHQ9HUlQGHUXQJHQLP$7XQG17

(OEHUIHOGHUhEHUVHW]XQJQLFKWUHYLGLHUW

'LHVH%LEHOLVWGLHMHQLJHELEHOWUHXHhEHUVHW]XQJGLHGHP:RUWODXWGHU2ULJLQDOVSUD
FKHQDPQlFKVWHQVWHKW'DVVFKZlFKWJHOHJHQWOLFKLKUHVSUDFKOLFKH.UDIWXQG9HU
VWlQGOLFKNHLW DEHU IU %LEHOVWXGLHQ]ZHFNH LVW VLH GHQQRFK ZHUWYROO ,P 17 KDW VLH
OHLGHUHLQLJHWH[WNULWLVFKH(LQIOVVH XQG9HUlQGHUXQJHQDXI]XZHLVHQ%HVRQGHUVIU
GDV $7 NDQQ VLH MHGRFK ZHUWYROOHQ (LQEOLFN LQ )HLQKHLWHQ GHU Z|UWOLFKHQ %HGHXWXQJ
JHEHQGLHLQGHU/XWKHURGHU6FKODFKWHUELEHOQLFKWZLHGHUJHJHEHQZHUGHQ

%LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQLPhEHUEOLFN

hEHUVHW]XQJV 7H[WJUXQGODJH %LEHOEHUVHW]XQJHQ
*UXQGVDW]

:RUWJHWUHX hEHUOLHIHUWHU7H[W 6FKODFKWHU
GHU5HIRUPDWLRQ /XWKHU
07LP$7
=UFKHU
XQG75LP17
17YRQ+-DQW]HQ

:RUWJHWUHX *URWHLOVEHUOLHIHUWHU $OWH(OEHUIHOGHU
7H[WGHU5HIRUPDWLRQ 6FKODFKWHU

%HQJHO17

:RUWJHWUHX :HLWJHKHQG /XWKHU
RGHUYROOVWlQGLJ =UFKHU
NULWLVFKHU1HVWOH 5HYLGLHUWH(OEHUIHOGHU
$ODQG7H[WLP17
1HXH(OEHUIHOGHU5HY
]7$EZHLFKXQJHQYRP
07LP$7 &69

1LFKWPHKU :HLWJHKHQG 0HQJH%LEHO
ZRUWJHWUHX RGHUYROOVWlQGLJ $OEUHFKW17
NULWLVFKHU1HVWOH /XWKHU
]XIUHLEHUVHW]W
$ODQG7H[WLP17
1HXH(YDQJHOLVWLVFKH
]7$EZHLFKXQJHQYRP
07LP$7 hEHUWUDJXQJ1(h

0RGHUQHIUHLH :HLWJHKHQG *XWH1DFKULFKW
hEHUWUDJXQJ RGHUYROOVWlQGLJ +RIIQXQJIUDOOH
NULWLVFKHU1HVWOH 1HXHV/HEHQ
G\QDPLVFKH
$ODQG7H[WLP17
bTXLYDOHQ] 1HXH*HQIHUhEHUVHW]XQJ
]7$EZHLFKXQJHQYRP
07LP$7 1*h
%UXQV

ELEHONULWLVFKH(LQIOVVHLQGHUhEHUVHW]XQJ

Bibelübersetzungen

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bibelübersetzungen

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like