1(a) A space shuttle falls into the earths atmosphere at high velocity and high temperature.

This is caused by the earths gravitational force and air resistance.

By using the physics concepts, suggests and explain suitable designs to protect the space

shuttle from extreme heat and from breaking up on landing.

[10 marks / 10 markah]

(b) Diagram 6.1 shows two identical plasticine balls before being released from the same

height. Diagram 6.2 shows the state of the plasticine balls when they hit the rock and

the sand. It was observed that the plasticine ball stopped quickly when it hits the rock.

Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1

Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2

(i) What does it meant by force?

(ii) Observe Diagram 6.1 and 6.2. Compare the shapes of the plasticine balls, the surface of
the rock and the surface of the sand before and when the plasticine balls hit the
surfaces. Relate the changes in shapes of the plasticine balls and the surfaces to deduce
a relevant physics concept.

[5 marks / 5 markah]

b) Explain the changes in energy that occur from the moment the plasticine ball is released

until it reaches the position in Diagram 6.2.

[4 marks / 4 markah]
8(a) Diagram 7.1 shows an archer pulling a bow that is loaded with arrow and is ready to

release the arrow so that the arrow will hit the bulls-eye of the target. To achieve his purpose,
he aimed the arrow horizontally slightly above the bulls-eye

(i) Explain the changes in energy when the arrow is released.

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(ii) Explain why the archer does not aim directly at the bulls-eye of the target.

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows an arrow of mass 250 g moving with velocity of 20 m s1 hits a
wooden block of mass 1.75 kg hanging freely from a ceiling. The arrow penetrated and stuck in the block
after the impact.

Calculate

(i) the common velocity of the block and arrow at the moment after the impact.
[3 marks / 3 markah]

(ii) the maximum height reached by the block and the arrow.

[3 marks / 3 markah]
9(a) Diagram 8.1 shows a spring shock absorber mounted on the wheel of a motorcycle.
.

Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1

Table 3 shows the characteristics of four types of springs E, F, G and H used in the suspension system for
the vehicle.

Specific heat
Thickness Corrosion
Spring Material capacity/
of wire rate
Spring Ketebalan Bahan J kg1C1 Kadar
dawai Muatan haba pengakisan
tentu/J kg1C1

E Thin Copper 385 Low

Tipis Kuprum Rendah
F Thin Aluminium 900 High
Tipis Aluminium Tinggi
G Thick Steel 850 Low
Tebal Keluli Rendah
H Thick Iron 480 High
Tebal Besi Tinggi

Table 3 Jadual 3
Explain the suitability of each characteristics of the springs in Table 3 which can be used in suspension system of
vehicles. Choose the most suitable spring to be used and justify your choice.
[10 marks / 10 markah]
(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a pole vaulter making a jump.

Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2

Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the use of suitable equipment and techniques to improve his
performance.

Your answer may include the following aspects:

(i) vaulters attire

(ii) vaulters movement
(iii) pole used
(iv) safety measure