Objective:

To study the operation of hydraulic press

To study the manufacturing of bio implants
Theory:
Introduction:
A hydraulic press is a device (see machine press) using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a
compressive force. It uses the hydraulic equivalent of a mechanical lever, and was also known as
a Bramah press after the inventor, Joseph Bramah, of England.
Material:
1. Hydroxyapatite
2. magnesium
Equipment:
1. Die
2. Hydraulic press
3. Electrical balance
4. Spatula
5. vernier caliper

Working principle:
The hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle-the pressure throughout a closed system is
constant. One part of the system is a piston acting as a pump, with a modest mechanical force
acting on a small cross-sectional area; the other part is a piston with a larger area which
generates a correspondingly large mechanical force
Methodology / Procedure
Safe Work Procedure Checklist:

PRE-Operation:
1. Task (e.g. Drawings, instructions, specifications etc.) is clearly understood.
2. Ensure press is in good working order without visible damage to structure or hydraulic fluid
leaks.
3. Ensure work piece is placed squarely on the plate.
4. Clamp work piece (if appropriate).

Operation:
Magnesium pellet:
3. Take 1g of magnesium powder and Weight on the electrical balance
4. Now place the die on the base plate and Then pour Mg into the die.
5. Tight the valve of hydraulic press and place the die at the load plate.
6. Keep hands and body clear of press mechanism when lowering.
7. Lower ram until it contacts the work piece.
8. Adjust pressure of ram to desired setting.
9. Apply the pressure until it reaches 500 psi.

3. POST-Operation:
10. Ensure the area is clear of other people.
11. Release pressure on hydraulic press.
12. Slowly raise ram and remove work piece from plate.
13. Place the basin over the die to get the pelleted.
14. Wait the pellet through analytical balance.
15. measure the diameter and height of the pellet through vernier caliper.
 16. Calculate the volume of pellet
Diameter = 11.13 103
Radius = 5.565 103
High = 4.62 103
= 2
= (5.565 10 ) 4.62 103 = 0.45 106 3
3 2

17. Now calculate the density of pellet.

=

1 103
= = 2222.22 /3
0.45 106
18. Return work pieces and other items to storage area as appropriate.

Hydroxyapatite pellet:
Take 0.5g of Hydroxyapatite powder and Weight on the electrical balance.
Repeat the steps 1 to 16.
1. Calculate the volume of pellet
Diameter = 10.15 103
Radius = 5.075 103
High = 2.31 103
= 2
= (5.075 10 ) 2.31 103 = 0.18 106 3
3 2

19. Now calculate the density of pellet.

=

0.50 103
= = 2777.77 /3
0.18 106
Return work pieces and other items to storage area as appropriate.

Composite pellet (Hydroxyapatite 50%wt+ Magnesium 50%wt):

Take 0.5g of Hydroxyapatite powder and 0.5g of Magnesium powder and Weight on the electrical
balance.

Repeat the steps 1 to 16.

1. Calculate the volume of composite pellet
Diameter = 10.17 103
Radius = 5.085 103
High = 4.66 103
= 2
= (5.085 10 ) 4.66 103 = 0.37 106 3
3 2
 20. Now calculate the density of pellet.

=

1 103
= = 2702.70 /3
0.45 106
Return work pieces and other items to storage area as appropriate.

Advantages:
Advantages of Hydraulic Presses The mechanical
press has been the first choice of many press
users for years. The training of tool and die
makers and manufacturing engineers in North
America has been oriented toward applying
mechanical presses to sheet-metal press
working.
Modern hydraulic presses offer good
performance and reliability. Widespread application of other types of hydraulic power equipment in
manufacturing requires maintenance technicians who know how to service hydraulic components.
New fast acting valves, electrical components, and more efficient hydraulic circuits have enhanced
the performance capability of hydraulic presses.
Factors That May Favour the Use of a Hydraulic Press
1. Factors that may favour the use of hydraulic presses over their mechanical counterparts may
include the following:
2. Depending on the application, a hydraulic press may cost less than an equivalent mechanical
press.
3. In small lot production where hand feeding and single stroking occurs, production rates
equal to mechanical presses are achieved.
4. Single stroking does not result in additional press wear.
5. Die shut heights variations do not change the force applied.
6. There is no tonnage curve derating factor.
7. Forming and drawing speeds can be accurately controlled throughout the stroke.
8. Hydraulic presses with double actions and or hydraulic die cushions are capable of forming
and drawing operations that would not be possible in a mechanical press
Applications:
Hydraulic presses are commonly used for forging, clinching, moulding, blanking, punching, deep
drawing, and metal forming operations
Precautions:
Instructions
1. Check the operation and condition of equipment before use.
2. Check for hydraulic fluid leaks - report to PI.
3. Ensure column pins are fully engaged after adjusting height.
4. Carefully align work under press for even force to be applied.
5. Do NOT apply excessive force.
6. Do not exceed the maximum pressure indicated on the hydraulic press.
7. Keep hands/fingers away from all clamping and moving parts.
8. Use shoulder muscles when operating NOT lower back.
9. Use transparent plastic shield to cover the working area.
10. Clean the machine down and return any tools to storage areas after use.
11. Place all scrap or waste in the appropriate bin.
12. Report all machine faults and hazards to the PI.

CAUTION Beware of high forces applied; applying uneven force to work; and flying or shattering
objects. Use appropriate PPE