Accepted Manuscript

Bending and vibration behaviors of matrix cracked hybrid laminated plates con-
taining CNTR-FG layers and FRC layers

Z.X. Lei, B.B. Yin, K.M. Liew

PII: S0263-8223(17)32830-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.10.004
Reference: COST 8979

To appear in: Composite Structures

Received Date: 1 September 2017

Revised Date: 30 September 2017
Accepted Date: 2 October 2017

Please cite this article as: Lei, Z.X., Yin, B.B., Liew, K.M., Bending and vibration behaviors of matrix cracked
hybrid laminated plates containing CNTR-FG layers and FRC layers, Composite Structures (2017), doi: https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.10.004

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 Bending and vibration behaviors of matrix cracked hybrid

laminated plates containing CNTR-FG layers and FRC layers

Z. X. Lei1, B. B. Yin2, K. M. Liew3,*

1
School of Sciences, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2
City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057,
Guangdong, China
3
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China

Abstract
The influence of matrix cracks on the bending and vibration behavior characteristics
of hybrid laminated plates is investigated based on an element-free numerical
framework. Carbon nanotube reinforced functionally graded (CNTR-FG) layers and
conventional graphite fiber reinforced composite (FRC) layers are selected as layer
elements for the considered hybrid laminated plates. To illustrate the degraded
stiffness, a matrix-cracked model, namely self-consistent model (SCM), is employed.
Based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), we can obtain the
governing equation. An element-free numerical framework is proposed to solve the
governing equation for obtaining the bending and vibration solutions. In addition,
some selected calculations are furnished to examine the influences of matrix crack
densities, boundary conditions, material parameters and geometric parameters on the
bending and vibration behavior characteristics.

Keywords: matrix crack; bending and vibration characteristics; hybrid laminated

plates; carbon nanotube; functionally graded layer; meshless method

*Corresponding author: kmliew@cityu.edu.hk (K.M. Liew)

1. Introduction
Carbon nanotubes, having high strength, high stiffness and high aspect ratio but
low density, have attracted much research interests from many areas of engineering
and science. Considering CNT's remarkable properties, it can be selected as an
excellent reinforcement for composite materials. In recent years, many studies have
been carried out on CNTR-FG beam, plate and shell to investigate their mechanical
properties of nanocomposites. A literature review on mechanical analysis of
functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites was reported by Liew et
al. [1]. Some recent relevant research works on the mechanical properties of carbon
nanotube reinforced composites were examined [2-7].
For static and free vibration analyses of CNTR-FG composites, Zhu et al. [8]
have carried out the finite element analysis of CNTR-FG plates. For bending,
buckling, and vibration behaviors of CNTR-FG beams, analytical results were given
by Nuttawit and Variddhi [9]. Alibeigloo and Liew [10] have studied the bending
behavior of CNTR-FG rectangular plate under thermo-mechanical loads. It was found
that effect of CNT volume fraction on the longitudinal thermo-elastic behavior is
greatest, and increasing the CNT volume fraction has little effect on the longitudinal
stress of the top surface. Considering CNT-reinforced skew composite plates, an
isogeometric analysis of the CNT orientation effect on the static and vibration
behaviors was examined by Ardestani et al. [11]. For triangular and quadrilateral
CNT-reinforced composite plates, vibration analysis was performed by Zhang et al.
[12, 13] using the element-free IMLS-Ritz method.
Furthermore, nonlinear investigations on CNTR-FG plates were also reported in
the literature. Considering a CNTR-FG plate in temperature field, nonlinear bending
analysis has been done by Shen [14]. Based on the element-free kp-Ritz method, Lei
et al. [15, 16] have considered large deformation studies of CNTR-FG plates and
panels. Considering CNTR-FG panels subjected to axial compressions, Liew et al. [17]
have carried out a postbuckling analysis. They found that there are no apparent
buckling points for CNTR-FG panels with the central deflection increases relatively
quickly in the mid-stage between pre-buckling and postbuckling stages. The
geometrically nonlinear large deformation behavior of triangular CNTR-FG plates
under transversely distributed loads was studied by Zhang et al. [18].
In practice, transverse matrix crack is likely the first mode of damage in
laminated composite structures subjected to quasi-static, fatigue and impact loads.
Overall stiffness and stress distribution may be altered due to presence of matrix
cracks. In addition, mechanical behaviors and thermal stability of matrix-cracked
structures may be changed. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate mechanical
response and properties of matrix cracked CNTR-FG structures. An approximate
elasticity theory solution was given for the stress-strain relations of a cracked
composite lamina [19]. The development of constitutive equations for fibrous
composites which contain a family of longitudinal slit cracks were presented by Laws
et al. [20]. For matrix cracked CNTR-FG structures, Guo et al. [21] have improved
the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced pure aluminum matrix
composites by achieving non-equilibrium interface. Fan and Wang [22] have
investigated the thermal postbuckling and large amplitude vibration of thermally
postbuckled hybrid laminated plate resting on Pasternak elastic foundations. The
effect of matrix cracks on nonlinear bending and thermal postbuckling was examined
for a piezoelectric shear deformable laminated beam which contains both carbon
nanotube reinforced composite layers and piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite
layers [23].
Analytic solutions [24, 25] to the above problems are often difficult to obtain.
Therefore, development of numerical methods are unavoidable. Many numerical
methods have been successfully applied for mechanical behavior analysis of
engineering structures, such as DSC-Ritz method [26, 27]. In this paper, we examine
the influence of matrix cracks on bending and vibration behavior characteristics of
hybrid laminated plates based on an element-free numerical framework. CNTR-FG
layers and FRC layers are used as structural elements. A SCM model is employed for
the matrix cracked hybrid laminated plates. The first-order shear deformation theory
(FSDT) is adopted to incorporate the effects of rotary inertia and transverse shear
deformation. The element-free kp-Ritz method is used to obtain the bending and
vibration solutions. In addition, we have selected some example problems to
investigate the influences of matrix crack densities, boundary conditions, material
parameters and geometric parameters on their bending and vibration behavior
characteristics.

2. Configuration of hybrid laminated plates

The hybrid plate having the physical dimension of length a, width b and
thickness t as shown in Fig. 1. The number of layers of the hybrid plate is N. Each
layer has a constant thickness h0. The plate is considered with UD, FG-V, FG-O and
FG-X types of CNT distributions for the CNTR-FG layer as shown in Fig 2.

2.1 FRC layers

The fiber reinforcements are uniformly aligned in the matrix and their material
properties are determined based on a micromechanical model [28]

E11 V f E11f Vm E m , (1)

V f Vm V f2 E m / E22f Vm2 E22f E m / E m

E22 1/ f m V f Vm , (2)
E V f E22f Vm E m
22 E
Gijf Gm
Gij (ij 12, 13 and 23) , (3)
V f Gm VmGijf

12 V f f Vm m , (4)

where E , G , V and denote the Young's modulus, shear modulus, volume

fraction and Poisson's ratio, respectively. The superscript and subscript, f and m,
denote the fiber and matrix, respectively. We selected 0.6 for the value of volume
fraction of graphite fibers for the FRC layers. The materials properties of the FRC

layers are: E11f 233.05 GPa , E22f 23.1 GPa , G12f 8.96 GPa , f 0.2 ,

vm 0.34 , E m (3.52 0.0034T ) GPa, G12 G13 and G23 1.2G13 .

2.2 CNTR-FG layers

 The CNTR-FG layers are considered with four different distributions of CNTs.
Their distribution functions are represented by

VCNT z VCNT
*
UD (4)

2z
VC N T z 1 V* C N T F G - V (5)
h

2z *
VC N T z 2 1 VCNT F G - O (6)
h0

2 z *
VC N T z 2 V C N T F G - X (7)
h0
For CNTR-FG layers, the matrix is same as the FRC layers but the reinforcements are

replaced by the armchair (10,10) CNTs with E11CNT 5.6466 TPa ,

CNT
E22 7.0800 TPa , and G12CNT 1.9455 TPa . The material properties of a CNTR-FG

layer is given by [14]

E11 1VCNT E11CNT Vm E m , (8)

2 E22CNT E m
E22 , (9)
VCNT E m E22
CNT
Vm

3G12CNTG m
G12 , (10)
VCNTG m VmG12CNT

1 2 V *C N TC N1 T2 V ,mm (11)

VCNT CNT Vm m , (12)

11 VCNT11CNT Vm m , (13)

22 1 12CNT VCNT 22CNT 1 m Vm m 1211 , (14)

For CNTR-FG layers, the three parameters j j 1, 2,3 represent the CNT

efficiency parameters, which are introduced into Eqs. (8)-(10) for taking care of the
small scale effect [14].

3. Matrix-cracked model
 When cracks are introduced, the macroscopic or overall elastic moduli of the
solid will change with the stiffness degradation. In this paper, to illustrate the
degraded stiffness, a matrix-cracked model, namely self-consistent model (SCM) is
employed. According to [29], when cracks are introduced, we have the self-consistent
estimates for the overall compliance matrices S as

S = S0 , (15)

where
1
, (16)
4
in which is the crack density parameter [30].

The three nonzero components in matrix are given by

S11S22 S122 1/2

22 (1 21/2 ) , (17)
S11

( S11S22 S122 )1/2 ( S11S33 S132 )1/2 1/2

44 (1 21/2 ) , (18)
S11

( S11S22 S122 )1/2 ( S11S33 S132 )1/2 1/2

66 (1 21/2 ) , (19)
S11

where 1 and 2 are the roots of the following equation

(S11S22 S122 ) 2 [S11S44 2(S11S23 S12 S13 )] S11S33 S132 0 . (10)

Components S 22 , S 44 , and S66 are affected by cracks, and the other six terms in S

are unchanged,

S11 S110 , S12 S120 , S13 S130 , S23 S23

0
, S33 S330 , S55 S550 , (21)

S11S22 S122 1/2

S22 S
0
22 (1 21/2 ) , (22)
S11

( S11S22 S122 )1/2 ( S11S33 S132 )1/2 1/2

S44 S44
0
(1 21/2 ) , (23)
S11

S66 S66
0
S55
1/2 1/2
S66 . (24)
4. Theoretical formulations
4.1. Energy formulation
For the hybrid plate, the displacement field is expressed based on the FSDT

u ( x , y , z ) u 0 ( x, y ) x ( x, y )

v( x, y, z ) v0 ( x, y ) z y ( x, y ) . (25)
w( x, y, z ) w ( x, y ) 0
0
The geometric equations are given as

u0 x

xx x x w
y 0
v0 y yz
y
yy z , 0 . (26)
y y xz w0
xy u v x x

0
0
x

y

y x y x

The physical equation of elastic mechanics are

xx Q11 Q12 0 0 0 xx
Q Q 0 0 0 yy
yy 12 22

xy 0 0 Q66 0 0 xy , (27)
0 0 0 Q44

0 yz
yz
xz 0 0 0 0 Q55 xz
where

E11 E22
0 0 0
Q11 Q12 0 0 0 1 v12 v21 1 v12 v21
Q Q
12 22 0 0 0 E22 v21 E11
0 0 0
0 0 Q66 0 0 1 v12 v21 1 v12 v21
. (28)

0 0 0 Q44 0 0 0 G12 0 0
0
0 0 0 Q55 0 0 0 G23 0
0 0 0 0 G13

Eq. (27) can also be re-written as

xx S11 S12 0 0 0 xx
S S22 0 0 0 yy
yy 12
xy 0 0 S66 0 0 xy . (29)
0 0 0 S44

0 yz
yz
xz 0 0 0 0 S55 xz
Then, the strain energy is
 1
U
2
TSd (30)

where
xx
A B 0
yy
xy , S B D 0 , (31)
0 0 A s
yz
xz
in which
h /2 h /2
( Aij , Bij , Dij ) Qij (1, z, z 2 )dz, Aijs K Qij dz , (32)
h /2 h /2

where K =5 / (6 (v1V1 v2V2 )) [31].

Then, we have
N N N
Aij Qijk dz, Bij Qijk zdz, Dij
tk 1 tk 1 tk 1
Qijk z 2dz , (33)
tk tk tk
k 1 k 1 k 1

where

Q1 1 Q 1c1 o 4s 2 Q
( 1 2 Q
2 ) 2si n
6 6
2
c osQ 2 2
4
, s i n (34)

Q12 (Q11 Q22 4Q66 )sin 2 cos2 Q12 (sin 4 cos4 ) , (35)

Q22 Q11 sin 4 2(Q12 2Q66 )sin 2 cos2 Q22 cos4 , (36)

Q16 (Q11 Q12 2Q66 )sin cos3 (Q11 Q12 2Q66 )sin 3 cos , (37)

Q26 (Q11 Q12 2Q66 )sin 3 cos (Q11 Q12 2Q66 )sin cos3 , (38)

Q66 (Q11 Q22 2Q12 2Q66 )sin 2 cos2 Q66 (sin 4 cos4 ) , (39)

Q44 Q44 cos2 Q55 sin 2 , (40)

Q45 (Q55 Q44 ) cos sin , (41)

Q55 Q55 cos2 Q44 sin 2 , (42)

For analysis of flexural strength, the hybrid plate are subjected to a uniform
transverse pressure loading q. The external work done by q is given as

We uTqd . (43)

Thus the total potential energy functional for bending analysis is

s U We . (44)

For analysis of free vibration, the hybrid plate are assumed to undergo a harmonic
motion. The kinetic energy is given as

1
= t (u 2 v 2 w2 )d . (45)
2

Therefore, the total potential energy functional of free vibration is obtained as

f U . (46)

4.2. Element-free discrete system equations

The generalized displacements at any point are approximated as
NP
u I ( x)u I , (47)
I 1

where [32]

I ( x) C ( x; x xI )a ( x xI ) , (48)

C ( x; x xI ) HT ( x xI )b( x) , (49)

b( x) [b0 ( x, y), b1 ( x, y), b2 ( x, y), b3 ( x, y), b4 ( x, y), b5 ( x, y)]T , (50)

HT ( x xI ) [1, x xI , y yI ,( x xI )( y yI ),( x xI )2 ,( y yI )2 ] . (51)

Eq. (48) can be written as

I ( x) bT ( x)H( x xI )a ( x xI ) , (52)

where

b( x) M1 ( x)H(0) , (53)

BI ( x xI ) H( x xI )a ( x xI ) , (54)

in which
NP
M( x ) H( x xI )H T ( x xI ) a ( x xI ) , (55)
I 1

H(0) [1,0,0,0,0,0,]T . (56)

a ( x xI ) is found as

a ( x xI ) a ( x) a ( y) , (57)

where
x xI
a ( x) ( ). (58)
a
The weight function have the form of

2 1
3 4 zI 4 zI for 0 z I
2 3

2

4 4 1
z ( zI ) 4 zI 4 zI2 z I3 for zI 1 . (59)
3 3 2
0 otherwise


Then,

I ( x) HT (0)M1 ( x)H( x xI )a ( x xI ) . (60)

Taking the partial derivative of Eq. (52), I , x ( x ) is given as

I , x ( x) bT, x ( x)BI ( x xI ) bT ( x)BI , x ( x xI ) . (61)

The partial derivative in Eq. (55), b, x ( x ) , can be obtained based on the following

equations

M, x ( x)b( x) M( x)b, x ( x) H, x (0) , (62)

M( x)b, x ( x) H, x (0) M, x ( x)b( x) . (63)

Thus, I , x ( x ) can be calculated. Other higher order derivative of I ( x ) are

obtained using the same procedures.

Generalized displacement is defined as
NP
u J u ( xJ ) LIJ u I , (64)
I 1

LIJ I ( xJ ) . (65)

Then
 NP
u I LIJTu I . (66)
I 1

With Eq. (66) and Eq. (64), we have

NP NP NP NP
u J I ( xJ )u I I ( x) LKITu K K ( x)u K , (67)
I 1 I 1 K 1 K 1

where
NP
K ( x) LKIT I ( x) . (68)
I 1

Note that
NP NP
I ( xJ ) LIKT K ( xJ ) LIKT LKJ IJ . (69)
I 1 I 1

Based on the Ritz procedure, we can derive the discrete system governing
equation as

Ku F , (70)

K M u 0 ,
2
(71)

where

K 1 KT, F 1 F
, M 1 M,T
u . u (72)

in which

IJ I ( xJ ) I , (73)

u [u1 u2 un ]T , (74)

K Kb Km K,s (75)

K bI J

B b T
I
b
D Bd
J , (76)

K mIJ BmI ABmJ d BmI BBbJ d BbI BBmJ d ,

T T T
(77)

K sI J

B s T
I A s Bd
s
J , (78)

FI TI qd , (79)

M TI m J d , (80)

where
 I
0 0 0 0
x
I
BbI 0 0 0 0 , (81)
y
I I
0 0 0
y x
I
0 0 0 0
x
I
B mI 0 0 0 , (82)
y
I I
0 0 0
y x
I
0 0 I 0
x
B sI , (83)
0 0 I 0 I
y

I 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
I

TI 0 0 I 0 0 . (84)

0 0 0 I 0
0 0 0 0 I

I0 0 0 I1 0
0 I0 0 0 I1

m0 0 I0 0 0, (85)

I1 0 0 I2 0
0 I1 0 0 I 2

in which I 0 , I1 and I 2 are calculated as

I0 , I1 , I 2 2/ h ( z)(1, z, z 2 )dz .
h /2
(86)

4. Numerical results and discussion

Several comparison studies are presented firstly to demonstrate the validity and
accuracy of the element-free numerical framework.
The first comparison is made for bending analysis of cross-ply square simply

supported and fully clamped [0o/90o/0o/90o/0o/90o/0o/90o/0o] plates with a b 20 in ,

b / t 1000 , E11 30.0 106 psi , E22 7.5 105 psi , G12 4.5 105 psi ,

G23 3.75 105 psi , G13 4.5 105 psi and v12 v23 v13 0.25 . It can be seen

from Table 1 that as the number of nodes changes from 9 9 to 17 17 , the present
results agree well with the solutions given by Cui et al. [33]. The second comparison
study is carried out for cracked to intact thin [0o/90o /90o /0o] square plate made of

graphite/epoxy with E11 132.4 GPa , E22 E33 10.8 GPa , G12 G13 5.65 GPa ,

v12 v13 0.24 and v23 0.49 . From Table 2, it can be seen that the deflection ratios

wc/wu are in good agreement with the solutions given by Makins and Adali [34]. The
third comparison study is made for a free square angle-ply [/-/] plate with a/b=1,

a/h=100, E11 138 GPa , E22 8.96 GPa , G12 7.1 GPa , 12 0.3 and

b2
1600 kg / m . As in Tables 3 and 4, the frequency parameters, L = L
3
,
h E1

agreed well between the present results and those given in [35, 36].
In the following examples considered, the non-dimensional parameters are

introduced: wc wc Em (4h0 )3 103 / (qb4 ) , wu wu Em (4h0 )3 103 / (qb4 ) ,

2
m
(4h0 ) / q0 b , (4h0 ) / q0 b c b
z
c
xx
c
xx
2 2 u
xx
u
xx
2 2
, z , =
c
and
t (4h0 ) Em

b2 m
u = u .
(4h0 ) Em

Table 5 presents the wc and wu for cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] cracked and

uncracked various types of hybrid laminated plates with different CNT volume
fraction and boundary conditions having a/b=1.0 and b/h=50. The superscripts C and

F denote the CNTRC layer and FRC layer, and C and F are the matrix crack

density for CNTR-FG layer and FRC layer which is selected as C 0 and

F 0.5 in this study. With the increase of CNT volume fraction, wc and wu for

various cracked and uncracked types of cross-ply [0C/90F/90C/0F] hybrid laminated

plates are decreased. The corresponding results for various angle-ply
[45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked types of hybrid laminated plates are
presented in Table 6. For cracked cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] and angle-ply

[45C/-45F/45C/-45F] types of hybrid laminated plates, the stress component xxc

obtained are shown in Figs 3 and 4. Since the graphite fibers for the FRC layers are

uniformly distributed, the xxc in FRC layers are linearly changed. For crack

cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] and angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] UD hybrid laminated

plates with different CNT volume fraction, the stress component xxc are shown in

Figs 5 and 6. Since the graphite fibers and CNTs for CNTR-FG layers and FRC layers

are all uniformly distributed, the xxc in FRC layers and CNTR-FG layers are linearly

changed, but the stress xxc is inconsistent in the connection surface since the

material properties of FRC layers and CNTR-FG layers are difference.

Table 7 presents the wc and wu for cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] cracked and

uncracked types of hybrid laminated plates with different width-to-thickness ratio b/t

and boundary conditions having a/b=1.0. With the increase of b/t, wc and wu for

cracked and uncracked types of cross-ply [0C/90F/90C/0F] hybrid laminated plates are
decreased. The corresponding results for angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and
uncracked types of hybrid laminated plates are presented in Table 8. For crack
cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] and angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] FG-V hybrid laminated

plates with different b/t, the stress component xxc are shown in Figs 7 and 8. It can

be seen that the change of b/t has a small effect on the stress component xxc .

Tables 9 and 10 present the wc and wu for cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] and

angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked types of hybrid laminated plates

with different length-to-width ratio a/b and boundary conditions having b/t =50. It can

be seen that wc and wu increase with the increase of a/b. Since the matrix crack is

introduced, the stiffness is reduced. So, we also found wc is a little smaller than wu .
In Figs 9 and 10, the stress component xxc are presented for cracked cross-ply

[0C/90F/90F/0C] and angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] FG-V hybrid laminated plates with

different boundary conditions.

Tables 11 and 12 present the wc and wu for cross-ply [...0C/90F/0C/90F...] and

angle-ply [...45C/-45F/45C/-45F...] cracked and uncracked types of hybrid laminated

plates with different number of layers and boundary conditions having a/b=1.0 and

b/h=50. With the increase of number of layers, wc and wu decease quickly. For

FG-X cracked cross-ply [...0C/90F/0C/90F...] and angle-ply [...45C/-45F/45C/-45F...]

hybrid laminated plates with different number of layers, the stress component xxc

are shown in Figs 11 and 12.

Tables 13 and 14 present the first six non-dimensional frequency parameters c

and u for cross-ply [0C/90F/0C/90F] and angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and

uncracked types of simply supported hybrid laminated plates with different CNT
volume fraction. With the increase of CNT volume fraction, the first six

non-dimensional frequency parameters c and u are also increased. For the

hybrid laminated plates, c for cracked plate is slightly lower than u for the

uncracked plate.

Tables 15 and 16 present the first six non-dimensional frequencies c and u

for cross-ply [0C/90F/0C/90F] and angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and

uncracked types of simply supported hybrid laminated plates with width-to-thickness

ratio b/t. With the increase of b/t, the first six non-dimensional frequencies c and

u are also increased. For different length-to-width ratio a/b, the corresponding

results are listed in Tables 17 and 18. With the increase of a/b, the first six

non-dimensional frequencies c and u are quickly deceased.

For the cross-ply [...0C/90F/0C/90F...] and angle-ply [...45C/-45F/45C/-45F...] cracked

and uncracked types of simply supported hybrid laminated plates with different
number of layers, the solutions are given in Tables 19 and 20. It can be seen that with
the increase of number of layers, the first six non-dimensional frequency parameters

c and u are quickly increased. We also find that the CNT distribution types have

a little effect on the first six non-dimensional frequency parameters.

5. Conclusions
The bending and vibration characteristics of matrix cracked hybrid laminated plates
have been investigated in this paper. An element-free numerical framework has been
employed to perform the numerical simulations. The matrix crack has been
considered via a self-consistent model (SCM). In this study, CNTR-FG layers and
FRC layers are the ply elements of the hybrid laminated plates. Detailed numerical
simulations have been presented, and the influence of matrix crack density, boundary
conditions, material parameters and geometric parameters on the bending and
vibration characteristics have been studied.

Acknowledgements
The work described in this paper was fully supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 11702138), Natural Science Foundation of
Jiangsu Province (Grant no. BK20150766), the Fundamental Research Funds for the
Central Universities (no. 30916011341) and Grants from the Research Grants Council
of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project no. 9042047, CityU
11208914).
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Table 1. w w0 E22t 3 103 / (qa4 ) of [0o/90o/0o/90o/0o/90o/0o/90o/0o] simply supported

and fully clamped plates.

Nodes SSSS CCCC
Present Cui et al. [33] Present Cui et al. [33]
99 4.4388 0.9243
1111 4.4482 0.9250
1313 4.4530 0.9302
1515 4.4578 0.9353
1717 4.4619 4.4718 0.9396 0.9494

Table 2. wc/wu for a cracked to intact square thin [0o/90o /90o /0o] plate.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
90

Present
1.0209 1.0453 1.0691 1.0924 1.1152 1.1375
CLT [36] 1.0062 1.0544 1.0929 1.1187 1.1355 1.1468

b2
Table 3. L = L of a [45/-45/45] plate with different number of nodes.
h E1

No. of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nodes

11*11 1.6888 2.2524 3.8121 4.7550 5.2048 7.3787 8.9813 9.0685

13*13 1.6847 2.2481 3.8101 4.7279 5.1883 7.3160 8.8584 8.9432

15*15 1.6823 2.2452 3.8074 4.7105 5.1757 7.2750 8.7834 8.8636

17*17 1.6809 2.2432 3.8047 4.6987 5.1665 7.2478 8.7370 8.8106

19*19 Present 1.6802 2.2418 3.8024 4.6905 5.1600 7.2293 8.7078 8.7738

HSDT[35] 1.6871 2.2385 3.8182 4.6745 5.1835 7.2199 8.6784 8.7435

CLT [35] 1.6894 2.2397 3.8250 4.6812 5.1973 7.2345 8.6974 8.7855

CLT [36] 1.6894 2.2397 3.8250 4.6812 5.1973 7.2345 8.6974 8.7855
 b2
Table 4. L = L of a [45/-45/45] plate with different size of influence
h E1

domain.
dmax 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2.1 1.6802 2.2418 3.8024 4.6905 5.1600 7.2293 8.7078 8.7738

2.4 1.6745 2.2326 3.7688 4.6400 5.0973 7.1133 8.5376 8.5694

2.7 1.6724 2.2317 3.7505 4.6332 5.0735 7.0963 8.5152 8.5622

3.0 1.6723 2.2345 3.7480 4.6508 5.0755 7.1302 8.5590 8.6379

3.3 Present 1.6680 2.2309 3.7323 4.6406 5.0456 7.0890 8.4853 8.5683

HSDT [35] 1.6871 2.2385 3.8182 4.6745 5.1835 7.2199 8.6784 8.7435

CLT [35] 1.6894 2.2397 3.8250 4.6812 5.1973 7.2345 8.6974 8.7855

CLT [36] 1.6894 2.2397 3.8250 4.6812 5.1973 7.2345 8.6974 8.7855
Table 5. wc and wu for [0C/90F/90F/0C] cracked and uncracked various types of

hybrid laminated plates with different CNT volume fraction and boundary conditions.
CNT Central Deflection
VCNT
pattern SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
0.11 4.0591 0.8825 1.2658 5.6466 1.1709
UD 0.14 3.6835 0.8038 1.2299 5.6410 1.1784
0.17 3.3276 0.7269 1.1688 5.5386 1.1544
0.11 4.0840 0.8878 1.2669 5.6433 1.1693
FG-V 0.14 3.7113 0.8096 1.2315 5.6355 1.1762
0.17 3.3555 0.7325 1.1699 5.5270 1.1509
wc
0.11 4.1149 0.8942 1.2699 5.6451 1.1690
FG-O 0.14 3.7420 0.8158 1.2352 5.6389 1.1762
0.17 3.3843 0.7386 1.1742 5.5344 1.1517
0.11 4.0025 0.8707 1.2607 5.6451 1.1719
FG-X 0.14 3.6237 0.7914 1.2233 5.6385 1.1792
0.17 3.2671 0.7143 1.1608 5.5331 1.1543
0.11 3.9369 0.8548 1.2544 5.6504 1.1746
UD 0.14 3.5800 0.7788 1.2185 5.6426 1.1811
0.17 3.2418 0.7059 1.1580 5.5390 1.1564
0.11 3.9424 0.8563 1.2540 5.6473 1.1735
FG-V 0.14 3.5911 0.7815 1.2184 5.6372 1.1794
0.17 3.2557 0.7089 1.1575 5.5276 1.1531
wu
0.11 3.9897 0.8660 1.2586 5.6493 1.1728
FG-O 0.14 3.6356 0.7905 1.2237 5.6409 1.1791
0.17 3.2960 0.7173 1.1634 5.5351 1.1538
0.11 3.8834 0.8434 1.2493 5.6486 1.1755
FG-X 0.14 3.5231 0.7668 1.2119 5.6398 1.1818
0.17 3.1840 0.6938 1.1500 5.5332 1.1561
Table 6. wc and wu for [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked various types of

hybrid laminated plates with different CNT volume fraction and boundary conditions.
CNT Central Deflection
VCNT
pattern SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
0.11 1.7854 0.8082 1.1041 16.4293 2.5088
UD 0.14 1.6072 0.7335 0.9995 14.9364 2.2756
0.17 1.4602 0.6621 0.9040 13.3948 2.0485
0.11 1.6961 0.7711 1.0520 15.6839 2.3927
FG-V 0.14 1.5255 0.6993 0.9516 14.2331 2.1673
0.17 1.3862 0.6311 0.8606 12.7663 1.9515
wc
0.11 1.8062 0.8167 1.1162 16.5968 2.5353
FG-O 0.14 1.6286 0.7422 1.0118 15.1103 2.3029
0.17 1.4814 0.6705 0.9160 13.5585 2.0746
0.11 1.7645 0.7994 1.0918 16.2517 2.4811
FG-X 0.14 1.5857 0.7243 0.9867 14.7470 2.2464
0.17 1.4383 0.6526 0.8909 13.1998 2.0186
0.11 1.7536 0.7885 1.0795 15.7689 2.4398
UD 0.14 1.5796 0.7158 0.9775 14.3671 2.2153
0.17 1.4372 0.6478 0.8862 12.9198 1.9989
0.11 1.6658 0.7521 1.0283 15.0622 2.3270
FG-V 0.14 1.4990 0.6821 0.9303 13.6957 2.1096
0.17 1.3641 0.6173 0.8434 12.3151 1.9038
wu
0.11 1.7738 0.7968 1.0912 15.9245 2.4652
FG-O 0.14 1.6005 0.7243 0.9895 14.5295 2.2415
0.17 1.4579 0.6561 0.8979 13.0733 2.0242
0.11 1.7333 0.7800 1.0676 15.6037 2.4134
FG-X 0.14 1.5586 0.7069 0.9651 14.1903 2.1874
0.17 1.4159 0.6387 0.8735 12.7370 1.9703
Table 7. wc and wu for [0C/90F/90F/0C] cracked and uncracked various types of

hybrid laminated plates with different width-to-thickness and boundary conditions.

CNT Central Deflection
b/t
pattern SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
10 5.7007 2.5320 3.3711 8.2499 3.7933
UD 20 4.4180 1.2448 1.7699 6.2181 1.7461
50 4.0591 0.8825 1.2658 5.6466 1.1709
10 5.7246 2.5356 3.3765 8.2423 3.7875
FG-V 20 4.4427 1.2499 1.7721 6.2138 1.7435
50 4.0840 0.8878 1.2669 5.6433 1.1693
wc
10 5.7579 2.5432 3.3892 8.2438 3.7870
FG-O 20 4.4743 1.2568 1.7774 6.2154 1.7430
50 4.1149 0.8942 1.2699 5.6451 1.1690
10 5.6386 2.5159 3.3471 8.2453 3.7910
FG-X 20 4.3600 1.2316 1.7602 6.2160 1.7467
50 4.0025 0.8707 1.2607 5.6451 1.1719
10 5.4372 2.3505 3.2870 8.2454 3.7975
UD 20 4.2663 1.1857 1.7490 6.2194 1.7511
50 3.9369 0.8548 1.2544 5.6504 1.1746
10 5.4412 2.3505 3.2855 8.2382 3.7924
FG-V 20 4.2715 1.1870 1.7483 6.2153 1.7491
50 3.9424 0.8563 1.2540 5.6473 1.1735
wu
10 5.4943 2.3630 3.3060 8.2399 3.7915
FG-O 20 4.3204 1.1979 1.7566 6.2172 1.7481
50 3.9897 0.8660 1.2586 5.6493 1.1728
10 5.3760 2.3342 3.2625 8.2404 3.7949
FG-X 20 4.2108 1.1726 1.7393 6.2170 1.7514
50 3.8834 0.8434 1.2493 5.6486 1.1755
Table 8. wc and wu for [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked various types of

hybrid laminated plates with different width-to-thickness and boundary conditions.

CNT Central Deflection
b/t
pattern SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
10 3.4368 2.5590 3.0218 23.1613 5.5443
UD 20 2.1503 1.2238 1.5686 18.5282 3.2206
50 1.7854 0.8082 1.1041 16.4293 2.5088
10 3.3444 2.5145 2.9585 22.3700 5.4181
FG-V 20 2.0600 1.1842 1.5138 17.7623 3.1010
50 1.6961 0.7711 1.0520 15.6839 2.3927
wc
10 3.4551 2.5660 3.0330 23.3251 5.5673
FG-O 20 2.1706 1.2321 1.5804 18.6960 3.2465
50 1.8062 0.8167 1.1162 16.5968 2.5353
10 3.4132 2.5465 3.0048 22.9649 5.5107
FG-X 20 2.1287 1.2139 1.5552 18.3435 3.1913
50 1.7645 0.7994 1.0918 16.2517 2.4811
10 3.2401 2.3709 2.8169 21.6758 5.1718
UD 20 2.0824 1.1651 1.5002 17.6141 3.0813
50 1.7536 0.7885 1.0795 15.7689 2.4398
10 3.1497 2.3278 2.7558 20.9372 5.0504
FG-V 20 1.9938 1.1265 1.4467 16.8928 2.9654
50 1.6658 0.7521 1.0283 15.0622 2.3270
wu
10 3.2583 2.3780 2.8280 21.8264 5.1943
FG-O 20 2.1023 1.1733 1.5117 17.7692 3.1062
50 1.7738 0.7968 1.0912 15.9245 2.4652
10 3.2176 2.3592 2.8010 21.4975 5.1405
FG-X 20 2.0616 1.1557 1.4873 17.4440 3.0535
50 1.7333 0.7800 1.0676 15.6037 2.4134
Table 9. wc and wu for [0C/90F/90F/0C] cracked and uncracked various types of

hybrid laminated plates with different length-to-width ratio and boundary conditions.
CNT Central Deflection
a/b
pattern SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
1 4.0591 0.8825 1.2658 5.6466 1.1709
UD 1.25 5.3269 1.1389 1.3309 5.6372 1.1346
1.5 5.9764 1.2514 1.3186 5.6251 1.1201
1 4.0840 0.8878 1.2669 5.6433 1.1693
FG-V 1.25 5.3415 1.1418 1.3300 5.6341 1.1333
1.5 5.9813 1.2519 1.3166 5.6219 1.1192
wc
1 4.1149 0.8942 1.2699 5.6451 1.1690
FG-O 1.25 5.3643 1.1463 1.3310 5.6354 1.1332
1.5 5.9953 1.2541 1.3164 5.6232 1.1197
1 4.0025 0.8707 1.2607 5.6451 1.1719
FG-X 1.25 5.2867 1.1309 1.3298 5.6360 1.1352
1.5 5.9536 1.2476 1.3198 5.6240 1.1198
1 3.9369 0.8548 1.2544 5.6504 1.1746
UD 1.25 5.2340 1.1212 1.3276 5.6436 1.1375
1.5 5.9175 1.2434 1.3199 5.6315 1.1208
1 3.9424 0.8563 1.2540 5.6473 1.1735
FG-V 1.25 5.2347 1.1217 1.3264 5.6405 1.1366
1.5 5.9144 1.2429 1.3183 5.6284 1.1201
wu
1 3.9897 0.8660 1.2586 5.6493 1.1728
FG-O 1.25 5.2704 1.1286 1.3279 5.6421 1.1362
1.5 5.9365 1.2464 1.3180 5.6298 1.1203
1 3.8834 0.8434 1.2493 5.6486 1.1755
FG-X 1.25 5.1949 1.1133 1.3262 5.6420 1.1381
1.5 5.8947 1.2396 1.3208 5.6301 1.1206
Table 10. wc and wu for [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked various types of

hybrid laminated plates with different length-to-width ratio and boundary conditions.
CNT Central Deflection
a/b
pattern SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
1 1.7854 0.8082 1.1041 16.4293 2.5088
UD 1.25 2.6997 1.1664 1.4104 15.0352 2.4031
1.5 3.6353 1.4551 1.6376 14.2381 2.3333
1 1.6961 0.7711 1.0520 15.6839 2.3927
FG-V 1.25 2.5639 1.1119 1.3434 14.3374 2.2909
1.5 3.4520 1.3864 1.5596 13.5691 2.2236
wc
1 1.8062 0.8167 1.1162 16.5968 2.5353
FG-O 1.25 2.7314 1.1789 1.4258 15.1930 2.4288
1.5 3.6781 1.4709 1.6556 14.3900 2.3585
1 1.7645 0.7994 1.0918 16.2517 2.4811
FG-X 1.25 2.6680 1.1535 1.3946 14.8693 2.3764
1.5 3.5925 1.4388 1.6192 14.0793 2.3072
1 1.7536 0.7885 1.0795 15.7689 2.4398
UD 1.25 2.6529 1.1396 1.3797 14.5007 2.3425
1.5 3.5733 1.4230 1.6027 13.7701 2.2781
1 1.6658 0.7521 1.0283 15.0622 2.3270
FG-V 1.25 2.5195 1.0862 1.3140 13.8328 2.2331
1.5 3.3933 1.3557 1.5262 13.1261 2.1710
wu
1 1.7738 0.7968 1.0912 15.9245 2.4652
FG-O 1.25 2.6838 1.1518 1.3947 14.6487 2.3672
1.5 3.6149 1.4384 1.6202 13.9133 2.3024
1 1.7333 0.7800 1.0676 15.6037 2.4134
FG-X 1.25 2.6222 1.1272 1.3644 14.3454 2.3169
1.5 3.5318 1.4073 1.5849 13.6207 2.2530
Table 11. wc and wu for [...0C/90F/0C/90F...] cracked and uncracked various types of

hybrid laminated plates with different number of layers and boundary conditions.
CNT No. of Central Deflection
pattern layers SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
4 4.0591 0.8825 1.2658 5.6466 1.1709
UD 6 1.1076 0.2619 0.3755 1.5395 0.3539
8 0.4668 0.1224 0.1748 0.6511 0.1690
4 4.0840 0.8878 1.2669 5.6433 1.1693
FG-V 6 1.1100 0.2624 0.3755 1.5389 0.3536
8 0.4673 0.1224 0.1748 0.6509 0.1689
wc
4 4.1149 0.8942 1.2699 5.6451 1.1690
FG-O 6 1.1133 0.2631 0.3759 1.5391 0.3535
8 0.4680 0.1226 0.1749 0.6510 0.1689
4 4.0025 0.8707 1.2607 5.6451 1.1719
FG-X 6 1.1013 0.2606 0.3747 1.5391 0.3539
8 0.4653 0.1220 0.1745 0.6510 0.1690
4 3.9369 0.8548 1.2544 5.6504 1.1746
UD 6 1.0811 0.2539 0.3728 1.5403 0.3548
8 0.4558 0.1180 0.1735 0.6514 0.1694
4 3.9424 0.8563 1.2540 5.6473 1.1735
FG-V 6 1.0815 0.2540 0.3726 1.5398 0.3546
8 0.4558 0.1180 0.1735 0.6512 0.1693
wu
4 3.9897 0.8660 1.2586 5.6493 1.1728
FG-O 6 1.0866 0.2551 0.3732 1.5400 0.3545
8 0.4570 0.1182 0.1736 0.6512 0.1693
4 3.8834 0.8434 1.2493 5.6486 1.1755
FG-X 6 1.0750 0.2526 0.3720 1.5399 0.3548
8 0.4544 0.1176 0.1733 0.6512 0.1694
Table 12. wc and wu for [...45C/-45F/45C/-45F...] cracked and uncracked various

types of hybrid laminated plates with different number of layers and boundary
conditions.
CNT No. of Central Deflection
pattern layers SSSS CCCC SCSC SFSF CFCF
4 1.7854 0.8082 1.1041 16.4293 2.5088
UD 6 0.5532 0.2700 0.3607 5.0402 0.7948
8 0.2483 0.1311 0.1715 2.2116 0.3646
4 1.6961 0.7711 1.0520 15.6839 2.3927
FG-V 6 0.5411 0.2648 0.3535 4.9381 0.7789
8 0.2453 0.1299 0.1697 2.1865 0.3606
wc
4 1.8062 0.8167 1.1162 16.5968 2.5353
FG-O 6 0.5559 0.2710 0.3622 5.0608 0.7981
8 0.2489 0.1313 0.1718 2.2160 0.3652
4 1.7645 0.7994 1.0918 16.2517 2.4811
FG-X 6 0.5504 0.2687 0.3590 5.0154 0.7910
8 0.2476 0.1308 0.1710 2.2052 0.3635
4 1.7536 0.7885 1.0795 15.7689 2.4398
UD 6 0.5410 0.2611 0.3499 4.8148 0.7686
8 0.2416 0.1258 0.1651 2.1046 0.3505
4 1.6658 0.7521 1.0283 15.0622 2.3270
FG-V 6 0.5291 0.2561 0.3429 4.7186 0.7532
8 0.2387 0.1245 0.1633 2.0811 0.3467
wu
4 1.7738 0.7968 1.0912 15.9245 2.4652
FG-O 6 0.5436 0.2621 0.3514 4.8338 0.7718
8 0.2422 0.1260 0.1654 2.1087 0.3511
4 1.7333 0.7800 1.0676 15.6037 2.4134
FG-X 6 0.5383 0.2599 0.3483 4.7919 0.7649
8 0.2409 0.1254 0.1646 2.0987 0.3495
 Table 13. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

cross-ply [0C/90F/0C/90F] cracked and uncracked various types of simply supported

hybrid laminated plates with different CNT volume fraction.
VCNT Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
c u c u c u c u
0.11 1 21.1735 22.3962 21.0197 22.3161 20.9127 22.1237 21.4372 22.3962
2 21.9901 23.4040 21.8501 23.3284 21.7542 23.1590 22.2351 23.4040
3 24.9836 24.9977 24.9959 25.0101 24.9915 25.0056 24.9925 24.9977
4 25.5914 25.8018 25.6095 25.8213 25.5997 25.8103 25.6030 25.8018
5 25.6987 29.0530 25.7192 29.0691 25.7253 29.0765 25.7259 29.0530

0.14 1 22.9009 24.2008 22.7443 24.0972 22.6434 23.9232 23.1753 24.4894

2 23.5932 25.0269 23.4542 24.9738 23.3598 24.8164 23.8524 25.0422
3 25.0125 25.0668 25.0325 25.0470 25.0262 25.0405 25.0276 25.3377
4 25.6333 25.8455 25.6620 25.8762 25.6484 25.8610 25.6529 25.8655
5 25.8990 29.2251 25.9418 29.2610 25.9474 29.2678 25.9479 29.2685

0.17 1 24.9833 25.7373 24.8208 25.7787 24.7166 25.7655 25.2993 25.7687

2 25.7238 26.1977 25.6361 26.0795 25.5310 25.9083 25.7558 26.5249
3 25.7687 26.7380 25.7651 26.7978 25.7519 26.7707 26.0729 26.7795
4 26.5053 27.1550 26.5608 27.0615 26.5372 26.8981 26.5461 27.4673
5 28.5550 31.5928 28.6559 31.6820 28.6614 31.6888 28.6619 31.6894
 Table 14. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked various types of simply

supported hybrid laminated plates with different CNT volume fraction.
VCNT Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
c u c u c u c u
0.11 1 16.1756 16.6031 16.4541 16.8950 16.1185 16.5434 16.2421 16.6031
2 21.4924 21.9785 21.8806 22.3841 21.4115 21.8943 21.5861 21.9785
3 25.6504 26.7442 25.9330 27.0420 25.6026 26.6931 25.7248 26.7442
4 25.6504 26.7442 25.9330 27.0420 25.6026 26.6931 25.7248 26.7442
5 28.3279 32.0564 28.3578 32.0827 28.3579 32.0829 28.3579 32.0564

0.14 1 16.7518 17.1970 17.0401 17.5003 16.6898 17.1314 16.8322 17.2789

2 22.2943 22.8045 22.7008 23.2303 22.2049 22.7103 22.4081 22.9204
3 26.2581 27.3692 26.5537 27.6812 26.2140 27.3206 26.3522 27.4646
4 26.2581 27.3692 26.5537 27.6812 26.2140 27.3206 26.3522 27.4646
5 28.5363 32.2309 28.5903 32.2785 28.5903 32.2787 28.5903 32.2787

0.17 1 17.7268 18.1341 18.0465 18.4671 17.6618 18.0648 17.8318 18.2394

2 23.6052 24.0720 24.0480 24.5320 23.5111 23.9723 23.7522 24.2197
3 28.0551 29.1049 28.4057 29.4726 28.0241 29.0684 28.1936 29.2432
4 28.0551 29.1049 28.4057 29.4726 28.0241 29.0684 28.1936 29.2432
5 31.4750 34.8482 31.5941 34.9552 31.5936 34.9552 31.5936 34.9552
 Table 15. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

cross-ply [0C/90F/0C/90F] cracked and uncracked various types of simply supported

hybrid laminated plates with width-to-thickness ratio.
b/t Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
c u c u c u c u
10 1 21.1735 22.3962 21.0197 22.3161 20.9127 22.1237 21.4372 22.3962
2 21.9901 23.4040 21.8501 23.3284 21.7542 23.1590 22.2351 23.4040
3 24.9836 24.9977 24.9959 25.0101 24.9915 25.0056 24.9925 24.9977
4 25.5914 25.8018 25.6095 25.8213 25.5997 25.8103 25.6030 25.8018
5 25.6987 29.0530 25.7192 29.0691 25.7253 29.0765 25.7259 29.0530

20 1 24.5681 25.5763 24.3595 25.4873 24.1684 25.1798 24.9633 25.9680

2 25.6876 26.9445 25.5003 26.8694 25.3148 26.5777 26.0627 27.3136
3 29.5710 29.5934 29.5835 29.6059 29.5758 29.5981 29.5775 29.5999
4 30.4500 30.7128 30.4707 30.7346 30.4552 30.7181 30.4602 30.7233
5 40.7424 42.0360 40.6724 42.0624 40.5234 41.8170 40.9825 42.2756

50 1 25.8820 26.7675 25.6530 26.6786 25.4184 26.3169 26.3382 27.2112

2 27.2003 28.3647 26.9963 28.2948 26.7634 27.9437 27.6369 28.7863
3 31.4177 31.4435 31.4300 31.4559 31.4206 31.4464 31.4227 31.4485
4 32.4844 32.7806 32.5063 32.8036 32.4876 32.7837 32.4939 32.7905
5 43.9458 45.2995 43.8815 45.3481 43.6836 45.0436 44.2274 45.5747
 Table 16. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked various types of simply

supported hybrid laminated plates with width-to-thickness ratio.
b/t Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
c u c u c u c u
10 1 16.1756 16.6031 16.4541 16.8950 16.1185 16.5434 16.2421 16.6031
2 21.4924 21.9785 21.8806 22.3841 21.4115 21.8943 21.5861 21.9785
3 25.6504 26.7442 25.9330 27.0420 25.6026 26.6931 25.7248 26.7442
4 25.6504 26.7442 25.9330 27.0420 25.6026 26.6931 25.7248 26.7442
5 28.3279 32.0564 28.3578 32.0827 28.3579 32.0829 28.3579 32.0564

20 1 19.3591 19.6959 19.8045 20.1514 19.2622 19.5981 19.4607 19.7977

2 24.8847 25.2284 25.4596 25.8150 24.7592 25.1017 25.0184 25.3626
3 34.4113 35.4662 35.0341 36.1081 34.2840 35.3365 34.5595 35.6154
4 34.4113 35.4662 35.0341 36.1081 34.2840 35.3365 34.5595 35.6154
5 49.8457 51.1082 50.7675 52.0643 49.6543 50.9108 50.0672 51.3331

50 1 21.0660 21.3358 21.6134 21.8891 20.9448 21.2153 21.1889 21.4578

2 26.4305 26.6836 27.1025 27.3618 26.2817 26.5352 26.5848 26.8372
3 40.4918 41.3753 41.4307 42.3263 40.2895 41.1738 40.7067 41.5887
4 40.4918 41.3753 41.4307 42.3263 40.2895 41.1738 40.7067 41.5887
5 57.5905 58.4622 58.9661 59.8555 57.2901 58.1619 57.9081 58.7790
 Table 17. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

cross-ply [0C/90F/0C/90F] cracked and uncracked various types of simply supported

hybrid laminated plates with length-to-width ratio.
a/b Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
c u c u c u c u
1.0 1 21.1735 22.3962 21.0197 22.3161 20.9127 22.1237 21.4372 22.3962
2 21.9901 23.4040 21.8501 23.3284 21.7542 23.1590 22.2351 23.4040
3 24.9836 24.9977 24.9959 25.0101 24.9915 25.0056 24.9925 24.9977
4 25.5914 25.8018 25.6095 25.8213 25.5997 25.8103 25.6030 25.8018
5 25.6987 29.0530 25.7192 29.0691 25.7253 29.0765 25.7259 29.0530

1.25 1 14.4690 15.2047 14.3556 15.1501 14.2674 14.9986 14.6706 15.4099

2 15.3931 16.3365 15.2946 16.2882 15.2161 16.1576 15.5763 16.5208
3 23.2139 24.9952 23.2292 25.0074 23.2378 25.0030 23.2388 25.0040
4 24.9808 25.4955 24.9931 25.5125 24.9887 25.5038 24.9897 25.5063
5 25.3529 26.2401 25.3691 26.2499 25.3611 26.2608 25.3636 26.2622

1.5 1 10.4568 10.9410 10.3714 10.9020 10.2998 10.7827 10.6128 11.0978

2 11.4479 12.1472 11.3780 12.1159 11.3147 12.0150 11.5863 12.2843
3 21.6509 24.4492 21.6541 24.4343 21.6711 24.4613 21.6755 24.4747
4 23.9169 24.9926 23.7859 25.0049 23.6778 25.0005 24.1646 25.0015
5 24.5632 25.3216 24.4603 25.3350 24.3456 25.2699 24.7950 25.3330
 Table 18. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] cracked and uncracked various types of simply

supported hybrid laminated plates with length-to-width ratio.
a/b Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
c u c u c u c u
1.0 1 16.1756 16.6031 16.4541 16.8950 16.1185 16.5434 16.2421 16.6031
2 21.4924 21.9785 21.8806 22.3841 21.4115 21.8943 21.5861 21.9785
3 25.6504 26.7442 25.9330 27.0420 25.6026 26.6931 25.7248 26.7442
4 25.6504 26.7442 25.9330 27.0420 25.6026 26.6931 25.7248 26.7442
5 28.3279 32.0564 28.3578 32.0827 28.3579 32.0829 28.3579 32.0564

1.25 1 13.3960 13.7277 13.6410 13.9832 13.3450 13.6748 13.4539 13.7866

2 18.5568 18.9881 18.9016 19.3460 18.4849 18.9138 18.6397 19.0724
3 19.5621 20.4725 19.7911 20.7119 19.5230 20.4317 19.6220 20.5330
4 22.9954 23.8157 23.2956 24.1318 22.9394 23.7562 23.0712 23.8934
5 25.1208 28.4195 25.1472 28.4428 25.1473 28.4429 25.1473 28.4429

1.5 1 11.3743 11.6442 11.5901 11.8685 11.3291 11.5975 11.4250 11.6957

2 14.7055 15.4246 14.8883 15.6155 14.6739 15.3917 14.7531 15.4724
3 17.1743 17.6295 17.4883 17.9539 17.1095 17.5629 17.2502 17.7064
4 20.4382 21.0842 20.7368 21.3977 20.3795 21.0224 20.5121 21.1599
5 21.2583 23.9333 21.2811 23.9513 21.2800 23.9521 21.2800 23.9524
 Table 19. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

cross-ply [...0C/90F/0C/90F...] cracked and uncracked various types of simply

supported hybrid laminated plates with number of layers.
No. Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
layers
c u c u c u c u
4 1 25.8820 26.7675 25.6530 26.6786 25.4184 26.3169 26.3382 27.2112
2 27.2003 28.3647 26.9963 28.2948 26.7634 27.9437 27.6369 28.7863
3 31.4177 31.4435 31.4300 31.4559 31.4206 31.4464 31.4227 31.4485
4 32.4844 32.7806 32.5063 32.8036 32.4876 32.7837 32.4939 32.7905
5 43.9458 45.2995 43.8815 45.3481 43.6836 45.0436 44.2274 45.5747

6 1 40.4108 41.5348 40.2718 41.4791 40.1340 41.2610 40.6893 41.8095

2 42.1838 43.7367 42.0615 43.6940 41.9245 43.4825 42.4532 44.0003
3 48.9555 48.9954 48.9661 49.0061 48.9605 49.0004 48.9618 49.0017
4 50.3670 50.7966 50.3853 50.8155 50.3742 50.8036 50.3778 50.8075
5 67.5821 69.3942 67.5484 69.4287 67.4332 69.2466 67.7616 69.5715

8 1 53.7475 55.2681 53.6516 55.2287 53.5586 55.0781 53.9444 55.4637

2 55.9357 58.0190 55.8534 57.9904 55.7615 57.8452 56.1281 58.2086
3 64.8928 64.9442 64.9049 64.9564 64.9011 64.9525 64.9020 64.9534
4 66.6101 67.1580 66.6294 67.1777 66.6217 67.1696 66.6241 67.1721
5 88.9669 91.2866 88.9510 91.3176 88.8750 91.1936 89.1021 91.4210

10 1 66.0554 68.0928 65.9871 68.0646 65.9206 67.9542 66.2055 68.2424

2 68.6034 71.3247 68.5473 71.3063 68.4822 71.2009 68.7521 71.4717
3 79.4266 79.4868 79.4420 79.5022 79.4393 79.4995 79.4399 79.5001
4 81.3983 82.0496 81.4208 82.0724 81.4152 82.0665 81.4169 82.0683
5 108.3439 111.1930 108.3422 111.2254 108.2895 111.1360 108.4563 111.3053
 Table 20. The first six non-dimensional frequency parameters, c and u , for

angle-ply [...45C/-45F/45C/-45F...] cracked and uncracked various types of simply

supported hybrid laminated plates with number of layers.
No. Mode UD FG-V FG-O FG-X
layers
c u c u c u c u
4 1 21.0660 21.3358 21.6134 21.8891 20.9448 21.2153 21.1889 21.4578
2 26.4305 26.6836 27.1025 27.3618 26.2817 26.5352 26.5848 26.8372
3 40.4918 41.3753 41.4307 42.3263 40.2895 41.1738 40.7067 41.5887
4 40.4918 41.3753 41.4307 42.3263 40.2895 41.1738 40.7067 41.5887
5 57.5905 58.4622 58.9661 59.8555 57.2901 58.1619 57.9081 58.7790

6 1 30.8699 31.3187 31.2175 31.6709 30.7959 31.2447 30.9488 31.3971

2 39.0424 39.4758 39.4772 39.9155 38.9510 39.3841 39.1441 39.5771
3 57.8144 59.2892 58.3779 59.8619 57.7046 59.1784 57.9491 59.4228
4 57.8144 59.2892 58.3779 59.8619 57.7046 59.1784 57.9491 59.4228
5 82.9853 84.5455 83.8190 85.3947 82.8193 84.3772 83.1858 84.7456

8 1 40.0358 40.6848 40.2821 40.9350 39.9867 40.6352 40.0936 40.7422

2 51.0430 51.6876 51.3571 52.0061 50.9821 51.6261 51.1195 51.7637
3 73.0247 75.1259 73.4042 75.5125 72.9645 75.0636 73.1238 75.2237
4 73.0247 75.1259 73.4042 75.5125 72.9645 75.0636 73.1238 75.2237
5 105.4078 107.7784 105.9701 108.3538 105.3158 107.6822 105.5551 107.9248

10 1 48.5276 49.3988 48.7137 49.5881 48.4950 49.3652 48.5741 49.4446

2 62.3556 63.2447 62.5974 63.4902 62.3150 63.2029 62.4183 63.3069
3 86.2186 88.9631 86.4940 89.2435 86.1912 88.9325 86.3007 89.0432
4 86.2186 88.9631 86.4940 89.2435 86.1912 88.9325 86.3007 89.0432
5 124.8595 128.1235 125.2666 128.5408 124.8168 128.0752 124.9811 128.2431
Fig 1. Configuration of a hybrid matrix crack laminated composite plate composed of
perfectly bonded CNTR-FG layers and FRC layers

(a) UD (b) FG-V

(c) FG-O (d) FG-X

Fig 2. CNT distributions in CNTR-FG layer

Fig 3. xxc for various types of cracked cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] hybrid laminated

plates.

Fig 4. xxc for various types of cracked angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] hybrid

laminated plates.
Fig 5. xxc for cracked cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] UD hybrid laminated plates with

different CNT volume fraction.

Fig 6. xxc for cracked angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] UD hybrid laminated plates

with different CNT volume fraction.

Fig 7. xxc for cracked cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] FG-V hybrid laminated plates with

different b/t.

Fig 8. xxc for cracked angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] FG-V hybrid laminated plates

with different b/t.

Fig 9. xxc for cracked cross-ply [0C/90F/90F/0C] FG-O hybrid laminated plates with

different boundary conditions.

Fig 10. xxc for cracked angle-ply [45C/-45F/45C/-45F] FG-O hybrid laminated plates

with different boundary conditions.

Fig 11. xxc for cracked cross-ply [...0C/90F/0C/90F...] FG-X hybrid laminated plates

with different number of layers.

Fig 12. xxc for cracked angle-ply [...45C/-45F/45C/-45F...] FG-X hybrid laminated

plates with different number of layers.