Humor ()

Humor is a fluid substance which is the initial product of digestion of food.

Hippocrates

Humor existed as liquid with in the body and was identified as blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile and was formed from
fundamental of elements associated with specific season.
Hippocrates and Galen

Humor are those moist and fluid part of the body which are produced after transformation and metabolism of element.
They serve the function of nutrition, growth and repair and produce energy for the preservation of individuals and its
species.
Modern Medicine

Classification of Humor

According to
According to According to According to According to
According to Color Level of
Location Usefulness Structure Quality
Production
Inter- Vesicular Tissue Blood Phlegm Yellow Black Useful Non- Primary Secondary Fine Coarse Normal Abnormal
cellular fluid fluid bile bile fluid useful fluid fluid
fluid fluid
 ACCORDING TO USEFULNESS

Useful Humor / Normal / Non-extrementous Non-useful Humor / Abnormal / Extrementous

Single or in combination with other similar humor is Abnormal humor in the absence of proper digestion or
capable of assimilation by complete integration into tissues conversion is unsuitable for assimilation and integration is
o It is a material of wear and tear in the body. therefore eliminated fro the body

Example: Example:
Blood, phlegm. Urine, stool, sweat.

ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE

Fine humor Coarse Humor

Those fluid or part of fluid which have the capacity of
diffusing into the Azaa Mufridah (single organ) i.e. cells
and tissues
Combine with oxygen (ROOH) to produce power
(QAWAH).
Those fluid or part of fluid which performs the function
anabolism and become part of the organ
Function in the wear and tear (injury).
Role in growth.

Example: Example:
Blood (RBCs) White blood cells and platelets.
ACCORDING TO COLOUR
 ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF PRODUCTION

Primary Fluid Secondary Fluid

Blood After suitable alteration, fluid have entered the tissue but
Phlegm not integrated into primary structure
Yellow bile
Black bile

Intra-vascular Fluid Peri-cellular Fluid Intra-cellular Fluid Seminal Fluid

() ()
The type of the secondary The type of the fluid which
fluid which circulate in is capable of being utilized
minute vessels of the body as a nutrient at a time of
necessity
() ()
The type of secondary fluid The type of secondary fluid
which is the nutrient in the which is present from very
final form, similar to the beginning of development
tissue according to nature and is part of tissue and led
and quality but not yet have to integration of various
acquired the required constituent of primary
tissue
 ACCORDING TO LOCATION

Inter-cellular Fluid Vesicular Fluid Tissue Fluid

Balancing of the internal
temperament of the cell.
Basic unit of single organization
(AzaA Mufridah).
Fluid which is present in the tissue. Provide nutrition.
Establish communication between
inside and outside the cell.
Until the tissue fluid is balanced in
quality and quantity the inter-
cellular fluid is not balanced.
Tissue fluid is required for the
balancing in internal environment of
the cell

Origin of Fluid

Farheas, a Swedish physician.

The four main fluid are separated by the technique called ESR (erythrocytes sedimentation rate)

Serum Yellow bile

White Phlegm
Red Blood
Black Black bile
DIGESTION OF HUMOR
 Temperament ()
Temperament is defined as:

The quality that results from the interaction of the four contrary qualities that
reside in elements

In human body these four primary qualities of hot, dry, wet and dry are
constantly interacting with each other, these influence alternatively being
overcome or enhanced by another quality until a state of relative equilibrium is
attained called temperament.

According to Avicenna:

Elements divided into minute particles, when the qualities of these particles
act and react on one another, these emerges a new pattern of qualities which is
uniformly distributed throughout the particles of all the elements that uniformity
in pattern is called temperament or

Classification

Balanced Imbalanced
When the opposing qualities if the When the qualities of temperament are
temperament are quantitatively exactly unequal or inclined to one side that is
equal and balanced that is called a called imbalanced temperament
balanced temperament

Physical balance Natural balance Simple imbalance Compound

() () () imbalance (
)
The temperament The temperament If one quality is If both the
that is balanced that is equal to disturbed from qualities (active
according to power is called active or passive and passive) are
nature and natural quality. disturbed.
requirement is temperament.
called physical
balance.
 Classification of physically balanced temperament

Species () Race () Individual () Organ ()

General Specific General Specific General Specific General Specific

Human Human Pakistanis Pakistanis Punjab Punjab CVS Specific
Insects Chinese Sindh CNS system
Animals Americans Balochistan Respiratory dominates
African system
GIT
 Classification of imbalanced temperament

Simple imbalanced Compound imbalanced

In a simple imbalance
temperament the
dominance may be in the
active qualities such as
excess of heat or cold
without any excess of
dryness or moisture or of
passive qualities without
any excess of heat or
cold.
Simple imbalanced dont
last for years as they are
soon converted into
compound imbalanced.
Heat
Dryness
Coldness
Moisture
Have dominancy of two qualities
Sanguinous Phlegmatic Bilous Melancholic
Hot / Moist Cold / Hot / Cold / Dry
Moist Dry
The above mentioned 8 imbalanced
temperaments are of 2 type
With morbid matter Without morbid
() matter (
)
Presence of viscid Increased heat due
phlegm producing to phthysicial
cold Increased cold due
Presence of leek- to expose of snow
green bile
producing heat

hotness

Heat is generally more favorable than cold in maintaining the proper

balance of general health of a body.

Most balanced part of the body:

Hand skin of palm skin of finger skin of index finger terminal phalanx
of index finger

o For this reason terminal phalanx of the index finger is best organ for sensing
perception.
 Characteristics:

Activity
Regularity
Initial reaction
Adaptively
Behavior profile of temperament according to
Insensitivity
Thomas and Chess
Mood
Distractibility
Persistency
Sensitivity

Temperament of drug

It is also worth remembering that when a medicine is referred to as being

evenly balanced it does not mean that it is absolutely balanced as it is
impossible.
It merely means that such a medicine after being acted upon by innate heat
( ) of body produces change in the normal state of the body and
that its (pharmacological) action manifest the limits of normal human
temperament.
In other words, when such a medicine is given to a normal person it does not
produces any appreciable change and imbalance in the body.
When it is said that the drug is hot or cold, it does not mean that the drug is
essentially very hot or cold nor that it is hotter or colder than the human
body, otherwise these would follow the unwarranted inference mentioned
above that an evenly constituted medicine has exactly the same temperament
as human body.
It means just this that such a medicine produces a greater degree of hot or
cold in the body than that was originally present. It is for this reason that a
medicine may be cold for the human being but hot for a scorpion.
As a matter of fact, it also means that the same medicine may be less hot for
one person than for another.

Pharmacological action:
Kinetics (movement)
Dynamics (action)
 Kinetic:.
In kinetics we study the movement, digestion, metabolism, absorption and
assimilation of the drug.

Dynamics:
In dynamics we study the mode of action of the drug.

Group Type Tributes Example

Balanced Average in Not toxic Punica granatum()
action. Useful for all ages. Cordial latifolia()
Normal in Pyrus cydonia()
character. Adiantum capillus()
Triticum vulgare()

1st order Weak in Dose related affect. Phoenix sylvestris()

action. Repeated Fumaria perviflora()
Average in administration. Crocas sativa()
action. Matricaria cammomile()
Potent in Onosoma bracteatum()
action.
2nd order Weak in Average group drug Ocimum scentum()
action. (limited amount). Ocimum basillicium()
Average in Large dosage and Rosa damesceana()
action. repeated Zingiber efficinalis()
Potent in administration can Plantago ovata()
action. harm the body. Trigonella foenum()
Administration by
prescription.
3rd order Weak in Toxic drugs can be Cinnamomum cassia()
action. administrated by Achillea()
Average in prescription. Trachyspermum ammi(
action. )
Potent in Nigella sativa()
action. Allium sativum()

4th order Weak in Poisonous group. Calotropic

action. Can only be Ghatura stramonium()
Average in prescribed in life Nicotiana tobaccum()
action. saving situations Hyocymus niger( )
Potent in after Aconitum ferox()
action. detoxification.
 Temperament of organs

Hot Organ:

Vital force ()

Cardiac ()

Blood ()

Liver ()

Flesh ()

Muscles ()

Spleen ()

Kidney ()

Breast and testicles ()

Muscular coat of arteries ()

Muscular coat of veins ()

Skin of palm ()

Cold Organ:

Phlegm ()

Hair ()

Bone ()

Cartilage ()
Ligaments ()

Tendons ()
 Serous membranes ()

Nerves ()

Spinal cord ()

Brain ()

Solid and liquid fat ()

Skin ()

Wet organ:

Phlegm ()

Blood ()

Solid and liquid fat ()

Brain ()

Spinal cord ()

Breast and testicles ()

Lungs ()

Liver ()

Spleen ()

Kidney ()

Muscles ()

Skin ()
Dry Organ:

Hair ()

Bone ()

Cartilage ()

Ligaments ()

Tendons ()

Membrane ()

Arteries )(

Motor nerve ()

Cardiac ()

Sensory nerve ()

Skin ()

Primary temperament:
Primary temperament is similar to that of its nourishment and depends on
source of nutrient.

Secondary temperament:
Secondary temperament is similar to that of its tissue excrements.

Temperament according to Age and Sex

According to age:

Growth (/ Maturity ( Middle ( Senility (

) /) / /
) )
It is the era of It is the era in It is the era of It is the era in
growth ranges which the person reduction. In this which there is
from birth till 30 sticks to era the human reduction in the
 years something ranges power enhances. human power.
from 30 years to This era ranges This era ranges
35 years or 30 till 60 years till death
years to 40 years

Growth

Infancy ( Childhood Boyhood ( Adolescent Youth ()

) () ) ()
This is the In this period In this period This period This period
period in the baby can the babys last till the ranges from
which the walk, run organ become development 20 years till
babys organ easily but the strong of the 30 years
become fully organs are enough. This secondary
developed and not strong period last till sexual
come in enough. The adolescence. characters.
proper milky teeth It ranges from This ranges
working. This fall. This 9 years till 12 from 12 years
period ranges period ranges years till 20 years
from birth till from 4 years
4 years till 9 years

According to sex:
The period of childhood which extends from infancy to youth is balanced
in regard to heat but has an excess of moisture.
In regard of heat in childhood and maturity there is a difference of
opinion.

1st group 2nd group

Children have greater heat as they
show more rapid growth and stronger
appetite and digestion. Moreover their
innate heat originally derived from
semen, is relatively fresher and
stronger than at maturity.
Heat rapid growth
Innate heat stronger
Youth are having temperament
diverted toward bilous.
Children have temperament diverted
toward phlegm.
More heat lead to more appetite and
more cold lead to slow appetite.
More heat lead to more sleep and
more cold to less sleep.
According to Galen:
Kids heat is quantitatively more but qualitatively less than adult.
Moisture is quantitatively less but qualitatively more.

On the other hand, old are drier than the mature and middle age persons
in the temperament of their primary functions. They are however, more moist
because the abnormal moisture in them make their tissues temporarily and
superficially more moist.
 Humors temperament and their characteristics

Humour
Element Air Water Fire Earth
Quality Hot / Moist Cold / Moist Hot / Dry Cold / Dry
Temperament Sanguinous Phlegmatic Bilous Melancholic
Leo Scorpio Gemini Taurus
Stars Aries Pieces Aquarius Virgo
Sagittarius Cancer Libra Capricorn
Season Spring Winter Summer Autumn
Time/Age Childhood Old Age Youth Maturity
Bodily Organ
Liver Brain, Lungs Gall Bladder Spleen
Involved
Leadership Calm Active Quiet
Qualities Unemotional Optimistic Unsociable
Carefree Even Tempered Impulsive Reserved
Lively Reliable Changeable Pessimistic
Characteristics
Easygoing Controlled Excitable Sober
behaviour Responsive Peaceful Aggressive Rigid
Talkative Thoughtful Restless Anxious
Outgoing Careful Touchy Moody
Sociable Passive Sleepless
 Courageous
Hopeful
Love To Play
Tricks And To
Tease Other
Hypertension Cold/Moist To Anorexia Burning In Epigastric
Hydrophoresis Touch (decreased Region
Migraine Heaviness In appetite) Warm, Dry Body
Increased Anger Head Weakness Anxiety
Redness Of Eyes Prolonged Yellow Color Of Black Spots On Body
And Face Sleep Skin And Pigmentation
Signs Of Allergy Slow In Gait Conjunctiva Increased Facial Hair
Increased Acidity Pulse Slow Gastric Burning Growth
Dominance Of Burning Thick And Soft And Ulcer Chronic Undulant
Humor Micturation Restlessness Ulcer
Heavy Flanks Irritation of Skin Dysponia (difficult
Sweet / Pleasant (itching) labored respiration)
dreams Dry Mouth Pulse Firm And Strong
Boils/Pustules Yellow Urine
Increased Sleep Vomiting
Full Pulse
Dark Blondish / Dark Brown / Black
Color Dark Brown / Fair
Light Blondish
Dark Brown / Red
(brunette)
Hairs Luxuriant
Wavy Curly Thick
Texture Wavy
Silky Thin Or Fine Straight
Thick
 Abundant (balding
Quantity Abundant Less Amount
common in men)
Bald/Sparse
Abundant (both on
Sparse Body Hair
On body face and body) Less Amount Very Hairy
Especially In Men
Especially In Men
Ruddy Pale Red Due To Brown
Pink Very Fair Increased Heat Dull Yellow Or Dark
Rosy Yellow Due To Swarthy Complexion
Color Blushing Yellow Bile (dark brown)
Complexion Calluses Are Common
(pigmentation of black
Skin color)
o Smooth o Smooth o Rough o Rough/Leathery
Texture o Firm o Soft o Dry o Dry
o Creamy o Delicate
Cool And Moist,
Touch Pleasantly Warm Hand And Feet Warm To Touch Dry, Cool
Wet
Smooth Round Face Broad Jaw Square/Rectangular
Acorn Shape Dull Cheeks Sharp Features Sunken Hollow Cheeks
Well Formed Pug Nose Reddish Face Prominent Cheek Bone
Lips And Mouth Sharp Noise Prominent Teeth
Face
Looks Delicate Angular Facial (crooked)
Blush On Features Thin Lips Irregular In
Muscles Are Shape
More Prominent
 Well Formed /
Good Muscle Full Cheeks / Prominent Cheek Bone /
Cheeks High Cheek Bone
Tone, Cheek Bone Dimpled Sunken Hollow Cheeks
Not Prominent
Almond Shape Large Moist Sharp Small Beady Eyes
(outer margin Eyes Fiery Often Black
more prominent Thick Eye Penetrating Eyes
Eyes than inner Lashes
margin)
Often Brown
Neither Too Fat Heavy Frame Compact Lean Thin / Slim
Nor Too Thin Fleshy Built
Look Moderate Frame Flabby
With Elegant Fat
Status (attractive)
Well Formed Joints Dimpled Prominent Bones And
(prominent) But Not Joints
Joints Prominent Prominent Veins
Physique
Bones, Tendons Veins Not Prominent Ribcage And
Bones And Veins Are Prominent But Ribs (narrow in shape)
Prominent /
And Not Prominent Bluish And
Knobby
Joints Green
Feet And Ankle
Joints Remain
Puffy And Lack
Muscle Tone
 Stature Medium Usually Short Short, Medium Medium
Already Puffy, After 40 Years
Can Put On Weight After 40 Years Usually
Obesity After 40 Years
Tendency To Be Usually Pear
Pear Shape
Obese Shape
Quite Hearty To Poor Sharp Slow And Steady
Eat Slow Strong Poor To Variable
Appetite Often More Then Quick Appetite
Their Digestive
Capacity
Rich Gourmet Like Diary Love Salty Spicy Varies
Food Products Food Fond Of Meat
Love Protinous Starchy Foods Love Meat And
Food Craving For Fried Food
Food Like To Eat Junk Food Sweets Like Alcohol
Have Highest
Tendencies Of
Addiction
Quick Slow Digestion Cast Iron Slow
Good To Weak And Stomach Poor
Digestion Moderate Sluggish Overactive Variable
Digestion Drowsiness Sharp And Quick
After Meal
Moderate Low BMR Strong Often Slow
Bourel Tone Conserves Fast Prone To Dehydration
Metabolism (intestinal Energy Strong Innate GIT Secretions Often
movement) Is Favors Heat Get Deficient
 Somewhat Bit Anabolism Adrenal
Lux. (not strong) Poor Sympathetic
Circulation In System
Veins Dominant
Catabolic
Dominance
Strong Digestive
Secretions
Sweat On Palm
Balanced And And Feet Is
Sweat Moderate Common, Cool,
Profuse, Vigorous Scanty
Clammy
Light Yellow Clear Bright Yellow Thick
Shinny Pale Thin Pale
Urine Thick Thick Scanty Urine Clear
Burning Oligo-urea
Micturation
Well Formed Pale Strong Odor Dry
Brown Slightly Loose Vigorous Irregular
Stool
Dry Porous
Yellow Black Or Dark
Pulse Strong And Even Soft And Deep Fast And Sharp Deep And Slow
Balanced Snoring Restless Difficult Sleep
Moderate Sleep Common Disturbed Sleep Light Sleeper
Sleep Snoring Long Midnight Wake
6-8 Hours Sleep Undisturbed Up Due To
 (adult) sleep Dryness
Very Deep
Pleasant Placid Violent Theme Of Grief
Charming Aquatic dreams Military Dark
Romantic Somnambulism Fight And Flight Moody Dreams
Amusing (sleep walking) Type Dreams Loss Of Anything
Dreams
Fire
Red Things
Nature
Sometimes
Judgmental Dull Imaginative Analytical
Positive Devoted Brilliant Detail Oriented
Mentally outlook Faithful Bold Intellectual
Goofy Daring Philosophical
Slow Intellectual Conservative
Mind Sentimental Sharp R
Slow To Learn Give Idea To
But If Learn Other But Leave
Properly Detail On Them
Excellent And
Long Retentive
Happiness Apathy (lack of Anger Worry, Grief
Emotions interest)
Confident Devoted Impatience Realistic
Personality Graceful Kind Leader Practical
Optimistic Spiritual Irritable Dependable
 Leaders Sympathetic Short Tempered Philosophical
Enthusiasm Subjective Bold Moody
Elegant Thinking Get Angry Depressing
Love Beauty Faithful Quickly Gamblers
Light Hearted Caring Very Popular Excessive Attachment
Tends To Be Fearless To Status
Religious Take Challenges Risk Taking
Strong Will Dependable
Power Perfectionist
Bombastic
Dramatic
Manner
Long Term Long Retention Of Short Term Sharp Memory
Memory Memory
o Likes Gathering o Natural o Fearless Leader o Analytical
o Friendly Followers o Successful o Ask Questions To Clear
o Show They Are o Best Friend o Professional Their Mind
Not Emotional, o Loyal o Naturally o First Think Then Plan
Good side But They Are o Submissive Adjustable And Act
o Looks Everything o Apology o Cheerful o Hardly Make Friends
From Bright Side o Take But Stick To Them
o Love Company Relationship
Sincerely
Love To See Indecisive Proud Pessimist
Mirror And Less confident Mr. Very Right Over-analytical
Dark side Praised Fell Upset If Dont Like Other Complimentors
Fell Proud On They Have To Helping Them Conservative
 Flattering Make Decisions Lack Of Heart Blame Themselves For
Low Self Hard To Everything
Knowledge Convince Over-emotional
Inclined Toward Have Two Minds Can Be Hurt Easily
Flirt And Bossy Nature Live In Fantasies
Jealousy Self Pride Difficult To Make
Lack Deep Think Other Are Friends
Passion Weak And Stub-born
Self Pride Ignorant
Blood Disorder Hypo- Hyper-acidity Nutritional Disorders
Like Uremia functioning Red Sore Eyes Disturbed Sleep
(increased urea Low Blood (due to over- Thyroid Gland Remain
level in blood Pressure work) In Stress
due to excessive Thyroid And Gastritis Digestive And Nervous
protein Adrenal Hypo- Jaundice Disorder
metabolism) functioning Eyestrain Constipation
Gout (elevated Water (fatigue of eyes) Anemia
Predisposing uric acid in Retention Liver Problems Poor Circulation Lead
Factors small joints) Edema Elevated To Decreased
Diabetes Respiratory Cholesterol Immunity
High Cholesterol Congestion Level Arthritis
Level More URTI Migraine Rheumatism
Hypertension (upper Fever Neuro-muscular
Skin Disorder respiratory Infection Problems
Like Acne And tract infection) Bleeding Depression
Allergy Lymphatic Disorder Vertigo
Various GIT Obstruction Hyper-tension Tinnitus (buzzing of
 Issues Like Myxedema Inflammation ears)
Intestinal (swelling of the Gingivitis IBS (intestinal bowel
Sluggishness skin and (inflammation syndrome)
Migraine underlying of gums) Cramping In Large
Excessive tissues giving a Strong Body Intestine
Menstruation In waxy Odor Colic
women consistency, Utricaria (clear Gas Distention
Hyper- typically of margin) And Blotting
sensitivity patient with Hives (non- Hypo-glycemia
Piles under active clear margin) Neurotic Worries
thyroid gland) Fatty Liver Thick Blood Due To
More Micro- Bile Stones Dehydration
biotic Attacks (mostly
(due to cholesterol)
excessive GERD (gastro
glucose and esophageal
moistness) reflux disease)
Slow Kidney Heart Burn
Function Liver And Bile
DVT (deep Metabolism
vein May Be
thrombosis) Problematic
Urino-genital Urinary System Metabolic CNS
System Immune System System
Systems At Risk Digestive System Respiratory
Respiratory System
System Endocrinal
System
 Power ()

The power and faculty are those natural and specialized powers which are furnished to a living body for the
performance of its specific function and which become the cause for the performance of body for the preservation of
individual as well as specie.
Each faculty give rise to a specific function and each function is an expression of its corresponding faculty.

Faculty

Physical faculty () Nervous faculty () Vital faculty ()

Physical Faculty

Function:
o Responsible for digestion of food.
o Excretion of waste product.
o Preservation of race. Primary () Secondary ()
o Individual (liver) central part
o Specie (reproductive organ)
 Primary Physical Faculty ()

Individual () Specie ()

Nutrition () Growth () Reproduction () Development ()

This faculty is related to the
metabolism, nutrition and
digestion.
Repairment of daily wear
and tear.
Producing changes in the
food and make it able to
absorb.
Increase in size with in a
limit.
Growth occurs when quantity
of nutriment is in excess as
compared to the daily
requirement.
Nutritional powers always
serve the growth power.
Develop organ according
to their spatial
(dimension) relationship.
To integrate nutrient
material for the
development.
directly proportional to race.
Generative ()
Primary individualization
faculty
Development of various
organs according to their
distinctive function and
structure. It is inherited.
This faculty appears in the
development of an embryo.
it is that power which
separates essence of sperm
It gives shape and
appearance to the organ.
Developmental power is
Formative ()
Primary transformative
faculty
This is the faculty which
gives different combination
to different potential to
sperm and ovum according
to their future organs.
 and ovum from compound
of body inside testes and
ovary and make each of its
part to become a particular
organ IBN-E-NAFEES

Classification of Nutritional Power:

Absorption () Assimilation () Integration () Individualization ()

The process by which blood The process by which food is This is the union between Each organ of the body have
and other humours are assimilated by the tissues. assimilated material and general faculty which
brought into tissues for Power defect in case of tissues and it makes them one enables it to make suitable
replacement. obesity. according to color and changes in the nutriment
Power defect in case of consistency. received by it and gives its
atrophy (decrease growth) Defective integration i.e. own distinctive form.
leucoderma
 Secondary Physical Power

Digestion () Absorption () Retention () Excretion ()

The possible conversion of The power which causes the The process which retains It requires both
excrement material into absorption of the nutrients from the the food until it is properly contraction and relaxation
nutritional material for food with the help of longitudinal altered and digested by the power without any
absorption. fibers. action of individualization persistent.
Digestion always process. Dryness but less as
required dispersion and Transverse / Oblique compared to retention
aggregation both. Magnetic Vaccumatic Capillary fibers help in the and absorption.
When the waste retention.
material are suitably Strong and quick as compared to Weak retentive power
liquefied or thickened to digestion. lead to diarrhea.
facilitate elimination Strong retentive power
through normal lead to constipation.
excretory channel and Always require
this process is known as contraction.
maturation (). Need more dryness than
Digestion always heat.
required hot and moist.
 Inter-relationship of the Process and Qualities

Moisture Cold Dry Heat

For the impulsive movement It stops every function except Serve a process in: Heat serves in all the four
during the process of the process of retention. 1)Transport of the material process i.e. digestion,
digestion. 2) Retention by maintaining absorption, retention and
constriction of the fibers. excretion.
It is obvious in absorption
and retention.

Vital Power

The power which enables organ to receive sensory and motor activity and perform the various function of life.

Function:
Contraction and relaxation.
Vital force is produced by temperament.
Some are acquired from the environment which is necessary for sensory and motor activity.
Emergency department is the vital force.
Prime factor in our body is the vital force. ARISTOTLE
Physical power is voluntary in action.
Vital power is involuntary in action.
 Nervous Faculty ()

Perception / Cognition () Cognation

Internal External Thinking () Functional ()

Composite sense () Vision ()

Imagination () Hearing ()
Intuition () Smell ()
Intellectual () Taste ()
Memorizing power () Touch ()

Function:
Pertaining to NAFS.
Perform all the function of nervous system.
It is concerned with the voluntary movement and sensation.
It includes brain, spinal cord and nerves.
 Brain

Forebrain (prosencephlon) Midbrain (mesencephalon) Hindbrain ()

 State Of Disease ()

According to ALI SINA, there are two main states of diseases;

Health
Disease

According to JALINOS, there are three main states of disease;

Health
Inter-mediate
Disease

Health:

Health is a state in which the temperament and structure of human body

and function of the human body are carried out in correct and whole
manner

According to WHO:

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and

not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Disease:

Disease is an abnormal state of human body which primarily and

independently disturbs the normal function

o Abnormal state of disorder of structure, humor and temperament.

According to WHO:

A disorder of structure and function specially one that produce specific

symptoms or that effects specific location and is not simply a direct result
of physical injury

Inter-mediate condition () :
Neither perfect health nor complete disease.

Etiology / Causes () :
It is a medical term which refer to the factors that proceeds and initiate a
new state in human body and maintain the one already inexistence.
 Signs and Symptoms

Signs:
Sign is an indication of the existence of something i.e. objective evidence
of disease and it guides the physician to diagnose a disease.

Symptoms:
1) Evidence expression of some abnormal state of human body.
2) Symptom is an indication of abnormality; it may be harmful in itself.

Classification of Disease

Simple / Single disease () Compound disease ()

Disease of Temperament Disease of Structure Disease of Continuity

() () ()
Occur in simple organs. Occur in compound Occur in simple and
organs. compound organs.

Symptoms of inflammation:
i. Pallor; heat
ii. Rubber; redness
iii. Collar; swelling
iv. Tumor; increase in temperature
v. Functionlisa; loose of function

Disease of Temperament

Simple alteration () Compound alteration ()

Alteration in temperament without the Alteration in temperament with the
addition of any morbid matter (bad addition of any morbid matter (bad
matter) matter)

With Inflammation Without Inflammation

o Skin allergy o Epistaxis
o Gastritis o Leucoderma
o Stomach acidity
 Disease of Structure

Always involve compound organs especially in instrument of the body.

Example:
Leg, arm, veins, arteries and capillaries.

According to Form According to Number According to Size According to Location

() () () ()

Duct / Cavity / Normal Abnormal

surface
orifices Sac Increase Decrease Increase Decrease

Increase Decrease
Change in Relative
original change to
position of the position of
organ another organ
 STAGES OF DISEASES (pathogenesis)

Onset Increment Acme Decline

() () () ()
It is the state in It is the state It is the stage in It is the stage
which the during which which the during which
disease has just the disease diseases reach the diseases
appeared. goes on even its maximum begin to
Remains till severe height and subside and
stationary stage. remain with the
Not advanced stationary in all passage of time
respects. it starts
High grade decreasing in
intensity.
Pharangitis Dysphagia Laziness
Pain Fatigue
Fever

TIME OF DISEASE

As a whole Paroxysm
Differential diagnosis Bacterial infection
High grade

Pharangitis Dysphagia As a whole

Typhoid Abdominal pain Paroxysm
Malaria Anorexia Paroxysm
TB Cough with sputum Paroxysm
 DISEASE CLASSIFICATION

1st Group 2nd Group

External Internal Primary Secondary

The type of disorder that The type of disorder that is The type of the disorder The type of disorder that
can be diagnosed by difficult to perceive for that are present in only one can affect more than one
general examination or by diagnosis organ organ
inspection.
Limited to only one One organ inter-
organ. connected to each other.

Easy Difficult
Asthma Hepatitis
Inter-connection
Wheezing Cardiomegaly
Nervous connection Example:
sound, Renal infection
One organ is natural Increase in the stress
especially at
outlet for other organ condition increase in the
night.
When one organ is a more release of the
neighboring organ hormone so there is an
Vascular connection epigastric burning also.