1.

ABSTRACT India with its rapid economic development, huge population and a 7,500
km long coastline is regarded as a market with immense potential for more number of tourists
and new destinations. Presently, Mumbai and Kochi are the favoured ports of call in India for
international cruise ships. It is expected that the cruise tourism industry in the country would
witness rapid growth once required infrastructure is in place. This would lead to the
development of three major regional cruise corridors -Mumbai-Lakshadweep-Mumbai; Goa-
Lakshadweep-Kochi-Goa; Kochi-Maldives- Colombo-Kochi. In the first two corridors, Goa
is expected to have at least one port of call. Therefore, a cruise terminal in the state is a
necessity. Cruise terminal is a project with a long gestation period and revenue from
terminal operation, when compared to the investment, may not be attractive. Considering this
fact, we propose a mix of commercial activities together with the main business. The
feasibility report and business plan for the proposed international cruise terminal and public
plaza at Mormugao (Goa) has suggested setting up the world-class facilities on the tested
public-private partnership model under the build, operate and transfer (BOT) structure. This
study focuses on designing a Cruise terminal. Thus it is important to study other International
Cruise Terminal so as to compare and provide solutions to meet the terminal requirements on
an International level.
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE NO. 1. CHAPTER 1 SYNOPSIS i)
INTODUCTION TO THE PROJECT (1) WHAT IS CRUISE TOURISM? (2) CRUISE
TERMINAL (3) ROLE OF PORTS (4) INDIAN SCENARIO ii) AIM OF THE PROJECT
iii) MAJOR AND MINOR OBJECTIVES iv) SCOPE OF WORK v) LIMITATIONS vi)
DESIGN APPROAACH AND METHODOLOGY 2) CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE
REVIEW 3) CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDIES (a) KAI TAK CRUISE TERMINAL (b)
YOKOHAMA CRUISE TERMINAL (c) COCHIN CRUISE TEMINAL 4) CHAPTER -4
SITE ANALYSIS 5) CHAPTER -5 DESIGN CRITERIA
3. 1 SYNOPSIS CHAPTER 1- SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 1.1
WHAT IS CRUISE TOURISM? Tourism has, since the 1950s, became an extremely
popular, global activity. A Cruise is generally a defined package that includes a cruise
itinerary spanning a defined period of time. Cruises, which were at one time considered as the
prerogative of the rich, is today a fast reaching option for the wider leisure market.
Representing one of the fastest growing sectors worldwide, Cruise market trends indicate a
qualitative as well as quantitative consolidation in the industry, with cruising gaining greater
significance in the global Tourism Pie. There are 4 dominant factors that make up cruising:
1. Attractions include interesting destinations and itineraries, 2. Facilities on board
include a total holiday and entertainment package, 3. Transportation having the ability to
move from one place to another without the need of packing and unpacking at each
destination, 4. Hospitality having professional staff looking after you in luxury.
4. 2 SYNOPSIS 1.2 CRUISE TERMINAL Terminal building is the main building where
passengers embark and disembark watercrafts. The terminals are the front door 'to the ports
and serve as the public interface between the waterside and landside elements. 1.3 ROLE OF
PORTS Ports play an important role in the economics of the coast and are generally centres
of trade and commerce. The seaports of India have played a historical role in the development
of maritime trade and economy in India. 1.4 INDIAN SCENARIO India is considered as a
preferred cruise destination and has around 7,500 km of natural peninsular coastline
strategically located on the crucial East-West trade route, which links Europe and Far East.
The coastline has 13 major ports and about 187 other minor - and intermediate ports. While
the central government has developed port infrastructure across the country, and in many
cases through private participation, states too now have become active in developing their
coastlines. Since most major ports on the western coast in India meet the requisites of a port
of call, a nascent trend of cruise ships calling at Indian ports at regular intervals has started
recently in the cruise industry. This has led to the ports of western coast of India figuring on
the itineraries of International Cruise Ships.
5. 3 SYNOPSIS AIM OF THE PROJECT 1. The main aim of the design is to provide a
cruise terminal which will serve as an intermediate port for international cruises and a
destination for the domestic cruises as the government seeks to give importance to Goa as an
overall tourist destination. 2. The terminal should be an initiative to boost Cruise Tourism
within the country as well. MAJOR OBJECTIVES 1. Understanding the ideology of the
Cruise Terminal and translating it into the built form. 2. Old traditions/art forms which are
seen in different parts of the place will yet again be known to the world. 3. Increasing the
frequency of cruise liners and thereby generating revenue to the port. 4. Studying site and
climate responsive design methods to find context specific solutions. 5. Integrating
infrastructure and technology with the building. 6. Make cruise terminals into destinations by
themselves. 7. To identify gaps in the infrastructure in the ports for promoting cruise
passenger lines 8. To assess infrastructure facilities available and required at designation
seaports as per the International standard. 9. Identify asset utilization strategies that will
optimize benefits to the Port and the County through financial return, market opportunities,
competitive advantage, and economic benefit. MINOR OBJECTIVES 1. Studying the role of
Space Conditioning in architectural environments. The keywords being Healthy, Safe, Clean
and with thermal, visual and auditory comfort.
6. 4 SYNOPSIS 2. Assessment of the existing status of ecological (terrestrial and marine)
and socio-economic aspects of environment. 3. Understanding the design process and role of
architecture in the design of cruise terminal. 4. Focus on home porting in the long term. 5.
Studying the scope of interactivity in Architecture through contemporary materials and
techniques and translating the sensory experiences- warmth, excitement, repose into
recognizable building aspects that promote real user response. 6. This new technological
achievement is changing in the mere definition of experience and perception. Thereby,
sending conventional architectural definitions of space and sensory experience for a spin. The
objectives will be to study the consequences of this paradigm shift. SCOPE OF WORK 1.
The facilities provided at the present cruise terminals are falling short of passenger handling
and services. 2. A berth layout for anchoring cruise vessels and boats. 3. A Club with
recreation facilities such as food courts, restaurants, bars, shopping Area and clubhouse with
water related activities. 4. Since the terminal is a public building, it will be open to all kinds
of passengers with a diverse range of backgrounds. 5. The design would serve to be as an
important structure and gateway to Goa. 6. The scope of work will include: a. Site planning b.
Terminal building - Arrival Spaces Departure Spaces Offices
7. 5 SYNOPSIS Administration Recreational Facilities Accounts department
Maintenance c. Parking spaces - for buses, taxis, autos etc. LIMITATIONS 1. Live case
study of international standards for the cruise terminal is limited. 2. Statistically, the
international terminal will be used 4 times a month. 3. Thus areas are to be provided which
will keep the terminal equipped during other times as well. 4. Since Goa is an intermediate
point, there is no embarkation and disembarkation of luggages. Thus baggage handling and
such services area are to be looked upon. 5. As far as the domestic cruises are concerned, the
development is at a slower pace. Statistics show that the development of domestic cruises
will boost after 10 years. 6. Thus an area would be dedicated as future development but there
would be no design for domestic terminal as such.
8. 6 SYNOPSIS DESIGN APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The approach and
methodology adopted for the project study is as outlined in the figure below. Fig 1.1
Methodology The research will focus on port as one of the key points of entry and will
examine the many roles and influences the terminal will have on the city. 1. To carry out live
case studies of the cruise terminals for acquaintance of the topic. 2. To study and analyze
book case studies for a comparative analysis. 3. To carry out various interviews for practical
input. 4. To study the information available through various sources for pursuing content of
the research topic. STAGE I: INPUT The first stage involved the study of the project site to
understand its suitability for the defined activity. STAGE II: ANALYSIS STAGE III:
OUTPUT CONCLUSION From the research gathered & documented, a better
understanding of the requirement of such a building shall emerge. This will positively inform
the design programme and produce a well integrated building.
9. 7 SYNOPSIS THESIS VALIDITY Thrust area- CRUISE TOURISM Indias
reputation as an enchanting, exotic, historic and beautiful destination would enable the
country to make an instant international cruise positioning and move into the cruise
destination 'market. Cruise operators and liners are more than ever searching for new
destinations and itineraries. Indias long coast line and strong port positioning imparts a
natural advantage to the country to attract international cruise lines. Indias positioning in
South East Asia and its proximity to already popular cruise destinations would enable strong
cruise circuits to be created over a period of time. The cruise ports selected for
development are also strong tourism states, especially Kerala, Goa and Chennai. This could
provide an important platform for cruise tourism to takeoff. The government of India has
recognized Cruise Tourism as a Thrust Area and initiated a number of positive measures to
promote the cruise industry and position India as a global cruise destination. India today is
poised for making a significant mark in the international tourism scenario. WTTC projected
Indias travel and tourism industry to grow at CAGR of 7.5% up to 2014 much above the
expected growth in South East Asia and the world aggregate level. The WTO projects as
annual average growth rate of 6.2% in South Asia over a larger timeframe till 2020. To
realize this growth target, it would be essential for India to explore all avenues escalating
tourism activity in the country including the extremely attractive area of cruise tourism in
which the country has much to offer.
10. 8 LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND Cruise tourism made its small beginnings in 1839 as part of the fortnightly
crossing mail service between Liverpool and Boston. In 1907 Cunard introduced a new
30,000-ton class of liner, the Lusitania and Mauretania, marking the beginning of leisure
passenger travels on the seas. The twentieth century witnessed other European countries
compete for progressively larger and faster passenger ships. These ships provided three
classes of service; first, second and steerage. The first catered to the elite and rich, the second
to the white-collar working people and the steerage to the relatively poor. PASSENGERS
BECOME TOURISTS & SHIPS BECOME FLOATING RESORTS The increasing travel
demand through the 1950's and into the 60's kept the liners busy crossing with tourists from
both continents. Gradually the concept of tourist ship passengers was enhanced with value
additions to the accommodations and activities. When the majority of the trans- Atlantic
passengers became tourists, the crossings became more festive for the enjoyment and
entertainment of passengers. Ships became more like floating resort hotels than mere
containers. The object still remained to cross, but the theme was to enjoy it. CRUISE
TOURISM Cruises have grown in popularity amongst tourists in the last few decades. Asia
Pacific especially has become a key growth market for the global cruise category. Today, the
cruise industry in India is mainly driven by international tourists, with most of the domestic
tourists flying to Singapore or Hong Kong to embark on cruises. International cruise tourist
arrivals in the country have increased five-fold in the past 15 years.
11. 9 LITERATURE REVIEW Air has continued to be the predominant mode of travel for
tourist arrivals in India. Arrivals by sea have been negligible when compared to the total
arrivals in India; however the same have increased by nearly 281% from a level of 0.01
million tourists in 2002 to about 0.04 million in 2006, registering an impressive increase of
54.44% when compared to the previous year. Over the period 20022006, international
arrivals to India by sea grew at a CAGR of 30.70% registering an average YoY growth of
42.91%. India, despite of having 7,500kmlong coastline, 12 major and 185 minor ports, is
yet to make its mark in the global cruise industry. With its vast and beautiful coastline, virgin
forests and undisturbed idyllic islands, long historical and cultural tradition of architecture,
theatre and performing arts, India can be a destination of choice for cruise tourists. Cruise
tourism has huge potential in India because of the rising disposable income of people. It may
be an expensive branch of tourism entertainment but cruises are becoming more and more
affordable to vacationers and tourists in India. India today presents a largely unexplored
cruise tourism market with almost 100% of its potential waiting to be explored. India, with its
diverse landscape, offers huge scope for various themebased travels like Medical Tourism,
Adventure tourism, Heritage tourism, Wellness tourism, Pilgrimage tourism, Golf tourism,
MICE, Ecotourism, Wildlife tourism. INDIA NEEDS TO GEAR UP FOR THE
CHALLENGE Ports constitute the core infrastructure requirement of the cruise sector. If
India wishes to integrate her position in this market Indian ports would have to meet
internationally accepted standards of port infrastructure, passenger services, linkages, other
conveniences and amenities. Internationally, cruise terminals are similar in facilities and
services offered to tourist at airports. Whereas the major airports in India are designed
12. 10 LITERATURE REVIEW to international standards, most of the Indian ports lack
dedicated facilities for cruise tourism and do not offer the basic standards or the amenities
expected. Cruise terminals represent the entry point of the cruise tourists into various tourism
locations and offer important opportunity to market the countrys brand, its culture, heritage,
cuisine and other offerings. Cruise tourism development would be impossible without all
strategies being preceded by an integrated and sustained development of the identified cruise
ports. POTENTIAL FOR CRUISE TOURISM Demand for Indian Cruise tourism would
arise from 4 segments The Foreign Tourists who represent the International Arrivals into
India would offer the greatest potential representing tourists who are already interested in
India as a destination and for whom the Cruise would be another mode of seeing the country.
The Indian Outbound Tourists who travel out of India also offer a high potential because of
their interest in foreign travel and would be very open to the idea of taking a cruise from
India that visits foreign destinations. The Indian Domestic Leisure Tourists represent active
high value domestic leisure travellers who are active travellers inside the country and can be
effectively targeted to take a cruise. The current Cruise Tourists, both International and
Indian, would be good targets. It is know that cruise tourists are repeat travellers and
therefore offer a great potential. Current cruise tourists, who form part of the existing &
future cruise tourism market, can be attracted by creating new itineraries and destinations in
India. Assessing the potential from each of these segments based on current trends and
forecasts it is estimated that by the year 2030-31 a market size of 1.2 million cruise tourists.
These are conservative estimates and the actual potential may be much higher depending on
the infrastructure developed and the marketing efforts undertaken.
13. 11 LITERATURE REVIEW Cruise Tourism represents one such avenue where far
reaching developments have been witnessed worldwide with India having no claim to even a
marginal positioning. 1. In 2002 North America, which forms around 71% of the
international cruise demand, had 7.64 million cruise travellers while the same period saw
only 0.012 million cruise tourists in India, representing less than 0.16%. It is thus clear that,
despite its position on the south pacific international sea-route, an impressive 7516 km
coastline, several natural ports and breathtaking destinations; India has continued to miss out
on the cruise tourism potential. CRUISE TOURISM GLOBAL SCENARIO At global
level, Tourism has emerged as one of the major economic activities today. In 1995, the World
Tourist arrival was about 567.4 million of which Europes share way by USA with 20%. The
share of South Asia region was as low as 0.8% According to WTO estimates, Europe will
continue to remain the most popular tourist destination with about 717 million tourist
estimated for the year 2020. International tourists arrival in South Asia is expected at 19
million in 202, which is almost 5 times that of 1995, but still it is quite low as compared to
other destinations. Region No. of Tourists (in millions) Percentage Share Europe 337.2 59.4
USA 111.9 19.7 East Asia & Pacific 84.0 14.8 Africa 18.8 3.3 Middle East 11.1 2.0 South
Asia 4.4 0.8 World Total 567.4 100.0 Share of India 2.1 0.4
14. 12 LITERATURE REVIEW India is expected to fuel 4.5 times growth in International
tourist arrivals, more than half of the total arrivals in South Asia. Aboard On the ship.
Opposite of ashore. Ashore On shore. Opposite of aboard. At Anchor The position of the ship
after it has dropped anchor. Berth 1. The particular parking space in which the ship docks at
the pier. 2. your cabin beds. 3. What you might experience nine months after a romantic
cruise. Baggage diverter A mechanical device for transferring baggage from a moving
conveyor belt to a baggage claim counter in such manner that the baggage is evenly
distributed along the baggage counter. Boarding control point The point at which a
passenger's credentials are inspected to assure that he is authorized to board a particular
flight. Normally, this point is located in the vicinity of the gate from which the flight will
depart. Bunkering To take on fuel. Sometimes an announcement may be made such as
"Smoking will not be allowed for the next 6 hours as we are bunkering". Gate concourse An
extension from the main terminal building primarily intended to provide protected access for
passengers between the main terminal building and the gates. Debarkation Exiting the ship,
usually at the end of your cruise. Disembark Exiting the ship, usually at the end of your
cruise. Dock Act of parking a ship at the pier. Draft 1. Depth of water a ship draws (how far
down into the water the ship's hull reaches), especially when loaded. 2. Beer dispensed from
a tap.
15. 13 LITERATURE REVIEW Draught 1. Depth of water a ship draws, especially when
loaded. 2. Beer dispensed from a tap. Embark To board a ship, especially at the start of your
cruise. Embarkation To board a ship, especially at the start of your cruise. Fathom A measure
of water depth equal to six feet. Gangway 1. Opening in the side of a ship through which it is
boarded or provisioned. 2. What you hear when the buffet first opens. Knot One nautical mile
per hour. (One knot is about 15% faster than one mile per hour). Nautical Mile 6,080.2 feet.
Slightly more than 1.15 land miles. Pilot Local from shore who is responsible for bringing the
ship into and out of your Port of Call. Port 1. The left side the ship. Easy to remember
because PORT and LEFT each has 4 letters. 2. Short for "port of call". Port of Call A
destination that your ship stops at on your voyage. Promenade A ship's "shopping mall".
Quay (Pronounced "key") a dock, berth or pier. Stack 1. Ship's smokestack. 2. How many
ships they can get into the same port of call at one time. Starboard The right-hand side of the
ship. STARBOARD and RIGHT HAND each have nine letters. Tender The smaller ship,
boat, or lifeboat used to transfer passengers from the ship to the shore and back again when
the ship is anchored offshore.
16. 14 LITERATURE REVIEW FLOW DIAGRAM- INTERNATIONAL & DOMESTIC
TOURISTS . LANDSIDE FUNCTIONS Arriving at or leaving the terminal by car or public
Transport These are the factors to consider: Security: avoid vantage points useful to
terrorists. Commercial: the whole forecourt or at least the private car section may be
incorporated into the short-term or nearest car park. This will force motorists to pay for the
privilege of parking close to the check-in area. Baggage: baggage trolleys should be
available for passenger use. For heavy package tours traffic, with coaches setting down large
pre-sorted amounts of baggage, a dedicated area and route to the baggage areas may be
desirable.
 17. 15 LITERATURE REVIEW IMMIGRATION COUNTER LAYOUTS CHECK-IN
LAYOUTS HELIPORT
18. 16 LITERATURE REVIEW PORT SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND TECHNICAL
DETAILS SHOCK ABSORBER: Provided to neutralize the impact of vessel on the berth
Horizontal movement provided exactly below where the ship is anchored. BUOYS:
Used for temporary anchor and direction They are anchored or piled indicators placed
along the whole width of the navigation channel. POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNIQUES:
The port areas are always affected by sewage disposal and get accumulated over the stagnant
zones. The algae formation is another drawback. The high tide and low tide influences the
movement of algae in and out the port region. The algaes are dangerous for speed boats,
since it clogs inside the propellers. The floating layer of algae makes the speed boats to slip
over losing control. Generally two methods are used to tackle these problems. 1) Tugs are
tied to the floating net and the algae film is wiped out to the shore. 2) The sewage and oil
films over the channel are removed by installing temporary sucking pump system.
19. 17 LITERATURE REVIEW DRAFT REQUIREMENT Draft of various cruises helps
in selecting the site as the depth varies. These also help to know if the cruise a certain depth
can embark on site MATERIALS Fixed piers are open to a wide range of construction
material, steel, concrete & timber is the most common and combination of these materials is
used. In constant water level areas a fixed systems is an obvious choice, piles may be driven
and capped off 610-914mm above the surfaces of the beam SELECTION OF MOORING
SYSTEMS DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING FACTORS: 1. Tidal range 2. The quality of the
bed or holding ground 3. To what extent the site is sheltered 4. The depth of water 5. The
speed and direction of the expected currents 6. Wind speeds and wave height 7. Capital and
maintenance costs
20. 18 LITERATURE REVIEW SHIP MOORING PROCEDURES ARRIVAL
PROCEDURE Information is passed to the port by ship authorities a month before arrival.
Schedule is prepared by docks manager. Short list is passed to section superintendent
engineer/ mooring section / survey section about the allotted berth. Vessel reaches the
outer sea, anchor in buoys-conveys signal to port. Port manager informs the mooring
section and the customs. Survey / mooring section check the berth & foreman appoints
Dockers. Customs boats with mooring pilots are send for preliminary check. Dockers
send the tugs. Pilots direct the tugs Tugs drag the vessel to the allotted berth.
DEPARTURE (VESSEL CALL OUT) Captain announces the time for callout Customs
officers are send to inspect the vessel. Survey sect. Engineers check the technical side &
channel draft. Customs /survey section gives the green signal. Pilot boards the vessel to
direct the tugs Tugs drag the vessel to outer sea. When the vessel reaches the outer sea,
the pilot boat is sent back. Note: Width of the channel must be twice the length of ship.
The height of hand rail is 1m.
21. 19 LITERATURE REVIEW TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EMERGENCY STAIRCASE
(1) Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with emergency exit
sufficient to permit safe escape of occupants in case of fire or whenever other emergency
occurs. (2) Emergency exits shall be located in such a way that the travel distance on each
floor shall not exceed 30 metres for every occupant. SPACE STANDARDS / PASSENGER
FOR TERMINAL BUILDING 1. Check in Area: 1.4sqm 2. Departure lounge: 1.8sqm 3.
Bars / Shopping areas: 2.1sqm 4. Arrival lounge: 1.5sqm 5. Baggage claim / Reclaim: 1.6sqm
6. Customs / immigration: 2.0sqm 7. Circulation areas: 2.0sqm